Origin of the gens Rurik

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Orthodox Russian Academy

Origin of the gens Rurik

Kubarev V.V.,

doctor of history, professor

Abstract

The origin of Rurik and Russ statehood is legendary, poorly supported by reliable documents. In our opinion it is caused by absence of own chroniclers of the period of formation of Russia and involvement of governors of Russ in higher power structures of New Rome. After the break of ties between the metropolis and the Russian principalities, the annals of Byzantium were cleared of the mention of «foreigners» in the management of the Empire, and the Chronicles of Russia did not have time to properly reflect the role of Rurik in world history. A study of the sources of Ancient Rome, New Rome, Russia, Arab countries, Danube and Volga Bulgaria allowed the author to identify the Russ gens and Bulgarian Khagans with the Flavian dynasty, as well as to identify Rurik, his descendants and relatives from the Macedonian dynasty (IX-XI century) and dynasty of Lecapenus (X century). The last Russian Emperor of New Rome been Yaroslav the Wise, whose throne name was Constantine Monomachos.

Keywords: Rurik, Russ, Constantinople, New Rome, Flavian dynasty, Macedonian dynasty, Lecapenus, Ugric peoples.

Аннотация

Кубарев В.В.

доктор исторических наук, профессор Православная Русская Академия

Происхождение рода Рюрика

Происхождение Рюрика и русской государственности носит легендарный характер, слабо подкрепленный достоверными документами. По нашему мнению это вызвано отсутствием собственных летописцев периода становления Руси и вовлечением правителей Руси в более высокие властные структуры Нового Рима. После разрыва связей между метрополией и русскими княжествами, анналы Византии были очищены от упоминания «иноземцев» в управлении империи, а хроники Руси не успели правильно отразить роль Рюриковичей в мировой истории. Исследование источников Древнего Рима, Нового Рима, Руси, арабских стран, Дунайской и Волжской Болгарии позволило автору отождествить род Руси и булгарских каганов с династией Флавиев, а также идентифицировать Рюрика, его потомков и родственников с Македонской династией (IX-XI века) и династией Лакапинов (X век). Последним русским императором Нового Рима являлся Ярослав Мудрый, тронное имя которого было Константин Мономах.

Ключевые слова: Рюрик, Русь, Константинополь, Новый Рим, Флавии, Македонская династия, Лакапины, угры.

Main part

dynasty rurik history

Statement of problem: Traditional Russian historiography considers Norman theory to be the main version of Rurik's origin. According to this politicized theory, the gens of Russ originated in Scandinavia and were part of the Norman tribes. The history of Russ gens before Rurik is completely absent. Modern studies of DNA descendants of Rurik, the annals of Volga Bulgaria and the works of the author refute the established stereotypes. Finding the truth is possible with a careful study of all layers of historical and religious Chronicles, now available to researchers.

Постановка проблемы: Традиционная российская историография считает норманскую теорию основной версией происхождения Рюрика. Согласно этой политизированной теории род Руси возник в Скандинавии и был частью племен норманнов. При этом предыстория рода Руси до Рюрика начисто отсутствует. Современные исследования ДНК потомков Рюрика, анналы Волжской Болгарии и работы автора опровергают устоявшиеся стереотипы. Нахождение истины возможно при тщательном изучении всех пластов исторических и религиозных хроник, доступных ныне исследователям.

The analysis of the last of research and publications: Armenian historians since the end of the XIX century are actively developing a version of the Armenian origin of the Macedonian dynasty and the Lecapinus dynasty. In addition, recent publications and politicized analysis of the facts by representatives of DNA genealogy take science into the realm of fantasy, again leaving unknown the history of Rurik's ancestors. While historians are turn a blind eye to the complete identity of the symbols and regalia of Rurikovich and the Khagan Kubrat.

Анализ последних исследования и публикаций: Армянские историки с конца XIX века активно разрабатывают версию армянского происхождения Македонской династии и династии Лакапинов. Кроме того, последние публикации и политизированный анализ фактов представителями ДНК-генеалогии уводят науку в область фантазий, вновь оставляя в неизвестности историю предков Рюрика. При этом историки закрывают глаза на полную тождественность символов и регалий Рюриковичей и кагана Кубрата.

Allocation unresolved before parts of the general problem: It is necessary to investigate the relationship between Rurik and his descendants with the Khagan Kubrat, the creator of Great Bulgaria, as well as his predecessors. You should examine the gens of Russ during the First Millennium, and identify its representatives with the famous Royal and Imperial dynasties.

Выделение нерешенных ранее частей общей проблемы: Необходимо исследовать связь между Рюриком и его потомками с каганом Кубратом, создателем Великой Болгарии, а также его предшественниками. Следует изучить род Руси на протяжении первого тысячелетия и отождествить его представителей с известными царскими и императорскими династиями.

The purpose of clause: The purpose of this study is to substantiate the author's hypothesis of the origin of the family of Rurik in the Volga region and the identification of relatives and descendants of Rurik with the Imperial dynasty Lecapenus, and the Russ gens with Roman Flavian dynasty.

Цель статьи: Целью настоящего исследования является обоснование авторской гипотезы происхождения рода Рюрика в Поволжье и отождествление родственников и потомков Рюрика с императорской династией Лакапинов, а также рода Руси с римскими Флавиями.

The basic material: To achieve this goal, we will use the paradigm of the emergence of modern human civilization in the Volga region about 5500 years ago. For the first time this hypothesis was put forward by Marija Gimbutas in 1956 [1-4]. In the author's research in 2009-2019, we confirmed this theory, tied it to the canvas of historical events of the past [5], clarified the chronology and localization of Ancient Egypt and Ancient Rome [6, 7], as well as corrected the chronology of monotheistic religions [8] and carried out the primary identification of Rurik and Lecapenus/Lakapenos Emperors [9].

For the analysis we use materials of Chronicles of the Volga Bulgaria [10], genealogy of the Prophet Mohammed [11], the list of the Bulgarian Khans [12], and also our own reconstruction of history [6-9].

The family tree of the Princes of Russia goes back to Adam they are the heirs of the family of Heracliedae, Fabius and Flavius [8]. According to our reconstruction of history, the gods of the Olympic Pantheon were ethnic Ugrians [8] from the area of the Yamnaya Culture (the Volga region and the southern Urals). After the Flood - Late Bronze Age collapse (12501200 BC), the surviving titans settled on Olympus [8], which is not in Greece at all, but in Bithynia (Mysian Olympus, Mount Uludag) is 35 km from the city of Prusa (Bursa).

In our era the ancestor of the family of Russ and gens Rurik was Titus Vespasian Flavius, aka Khagan Tash Bash, aka Abraham [8, 9], who spent a significant part of his life in the Middle East, Thrace and Anatolia.

We believe that the concept of the state Power in the Bulgarian Chronicles [10] is identified by the Bulgarians with Rome and the Roman Empire. The adoption of Islam in the X century, as the official religion of Volga Bulgaria, eventually distorted the original meaning of the State and the origin of the Bulgarians.

In historiography it was believed that the Emperors of Rome and Byzantium were representatives of ancient and respected families, but no one noticed that they were all leaders of their small peoples and Kings of certain territories and cities. Millions of people stood behind the Emperors, not just families. For example, the Flavians were Kings of the nomadic peoples of the Volga region, the North Caucasus and Siberia. Some of them settled in the Balkans, Italy, Anatolia and the Middle East. The ethnic composition of the tribes was diverse-they were representatives of the Ugric peoples (Haplogroup N1), Germans and Latins (Haplogroup R1b) and Indo - Europeans (Haplogroups I1, I2). They believed the Bulgars, the Romans and used the self-power is Idel or Itil. Therefore the elite of Ancient Rome were formed, including the estate of riders, from Kings-shepherds.

After the Flood, according to legends, the elite of the Ugric settled on Olympus. No wonder the Throne of Russia - the Prusa city is located near the habitat of the ancestors-gods of the Olympic Pantheon (Zeus, Hercules). The first Tsar of Russ and Prusa was Constantius Chlorus, aka Aga Ruzha (Rouge) in the III century [8-10]. Note that King Prusias I was called in Greek the lame nponmar; A' o XrnkoQ and the nickname of Constantius is pale - Xkmpo^. If you rearrange the letter k, you get a play of words, almost isomorphic in spelling.

Constantius met his wife in a civil marriage (concubine), the future Equal-to-the-Apostles Saint Helena, an Inn outside Prusa.

The second King of Prusa was the son of Constantius Chlorus the Equal-to-the-Apostles Saint Constantine the Great, aka Kubar-Barys [8-10].

Then the Throne of Russ passed by inheritance between the brothers and cousins of the Khagans of Bulgaria, called in Rome Flavius. The main prize is the Title Emperor of Rome remained with the senior members of the family. Finally, Throne of Russ as city Prusa became property of Mundzuk, he same Urus - Ruzha Burgas, rule in 414-434, III vol., p. 90 [10]. Mundzuk was the youngest son of Rosomonorum Princess [13] and Khagan Arbat, aka Theodosius the Great, aka the Leader Moses [8-10].

Mundzuk inherited the Throne of Russ to his nephew Attila, whose father was Muenchak, the eldest son of Arbat, III vol., p. 91 [10]. In the future it is necessary to conduct a special study and determine all the Kings of Prusa from Attila to Rurik. Attila is identified with Flavius Aetius, Theodosius II, and Joshua. He was called Flavius Aetius before the accession of the nomadic tribes of Huns in 434.

Since the first century, power in the Roman Empire, Byzantium, Great Bulgaria and Russia was transferred in a bizarre way between fathers and children, as well as brothers and nephews, sometimes grandchildren of reigning persons. In any case, genetically the heirs received the blood of the previous generation from father to son, preserving the power of the Ugric Kings. All data on the Ugric Kings,

Patriarchs, Roman and Byzantine Emperors will be summarized in the Table No. 1.

The Table No. 1. An identification of the roman and byzantium emperors with ugrian tsars and patriarchs

After the death of Attila, his Empire fell into separate parts, ruled by his children and other relatives who seized power in certain regions.

According to the Bulgarian Chronicles, III vol., pp. 91-95 [10], the Khagans were Illak Aby-Dulo (453-454), Tingiz Khursa (454-469), Irnik (463-489), Audan (463-532), Masgut (489-505), Mundo (505520), Bulyak-Bolgar (520-522), Kushtan/Constantine (527-528), Mugel (528), Avar (528-531), Princess Boyarkyz (520-535), Katrag (531-563), Bayan-

Chelbir (535-590) who was a Great Poet and Musician, Askal Kelbir (563-593), Albury (593-602), Yurgan Teles (602-605) and the Great Khagan Kubrat (605660).

After the reign of Irnik (the end of the V century), the period of Bulgarian history are corresponds to the rule of Judges from the Old Testament. The Era ended with the appearance of the first King of Great Israel Saul, aka Yurgan Teles. Then the Great Khagan Kubrat/Kurbat/Kurt appeared on the historical stage.

Kubrat [8] created a monotheistic Religious state - Great Bulgaria or Great Israel. He is identified by us with King David, who in the frescoes and mosaics of Byzantium was called Dad (Father).

A small part of the Bulgarian Khagans became Emperors of Byzantium (the Table No. 1), but most remained Kings in the steppes and cities of Europe and Asia. Byzantine and Arabic Chronicles noted the continuous relationship between the Bulgarian rulers and the Emperors of New Rome, without specifying that they had a genetic and kinship relationship. The Chronicles of the Bulgars described them as their Khagans, and the Byzantine annals - as respected and influential Imperial nobles, by the will of fate and the conduct of a continuous struggle for power, who became Emperors. Later historians attributed their families to the «Greeks», which is a politicized fiction.

After the reign of Kubrat, aka Flavius Heraclius Augustus, which confirms our hypothesis about the origin of the gens Russ from the Flavians, the huge Empire fell into several parts, as Kubrat matured five sons with serious human, military and financial resources. From the Khagan Kubrat went Royal family of New Rome, Danube Bulgaria, Avar Khaganate, Volga Bulgaria, Caliphates in the East, Khazaria, Russia and other Powers.

One of Kubrat's adopted sons was Kubar (Kyzyl - Kubar) of the Bilig family, III vol., p. 98 [10]. His descendants settled in the Balkans (modern Greece and Bulgaria). The family tree is Kubar, Imenyar-Bilig, Shada-Idik, Kelbir, Sain, Bir-Eget, Tarkhan (son of Byzantine mother), sons Banju (Methodius), Kushtan (Constantine) and Baksan (Cyril). Baksan and Banju became monks under the names Cyril and Methodius and created the Church Slavonic alphabet, which is more correct to call the Church-Russian alphabet. Cyril and Methodius accounted for Rurik (Lachin) native cousins, so as himself Rurik led its pedigree from Kubrat and bat Bayan.

The senior Imperial branch of the Russ - Flavian family was continued by bat Bayan/Ilat (665-690) and Sulabi (700-727) [9]. Sulabi is identified by us with the Emperor Justinian II Rhinotmetus, who was twice in power. After the first reign, he was forced to flee to Volga Bulgaria, collect finances and with an army of Bulgarians to win back his throne in Constantinople. After ruling in New Rome, he apparently converted to Islam and became Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate in Damascus under the name Suleiman (715-717). We identify Sulabi with the Biblical King Solomon. The dates of the reigns of Justinian, Sulabi and Suleiman the mute vary in years, due to the difficulties of translating the epochs of New Rome, the Bulgarians and the Arabs into the modern system of chronology.

Sulabi had a son named Ayar /Avar (727-759), aka Emperor Leo III Isaurian Flavius, reign in 717-741.

Leo Isaurian was married to the Khazar Princess Chakchak or Chekalina. In 750 she gave birth to Leo IV Khazar (775-780), who is identified by us with Tat - Utyak, son of Avar, ruling in 760-787. Tat-Utyak was married to Canbika who give birth the son Caracara. In the Byzantine Chronicles, the wife of Leo Khazar was Irene a resident of Athens. Subsequently, Empress Irene was recognized as an Equal-to-the-Apostles Saint of the Orthodox Church.

Karadjar is the son of Tat-Utyak and Canbika, rules in 787-813, III vol., p. 100 [10]. He was married to Arya-Uslan, who gave birth to a son Urus Ugyr Aydar. The first part of the name Kara-jar is associated with the concept of «dark, blind». According to the Bulgarian chronicle Karadjar died in battle from an arrow that pierced his throat, I vol., p. 29 [10]. The King was too lazy to fasten his helmet before the battle.

Constantine VI the Blind Flavius is the last Emperor of the Isaurian dynasty, years of life 771-805, reign in 780-797. During the life of his father Leo Khazar was crowned in 776 as co-ruler [14]. With 780 started rules Constantine's mother Irene. From 790 Constantine began to rule alone. In 788 after a review of brides, Constantine married Maria of Amnia, who give birth two daughters. In 795 the Emperor tonsured his wife as a nun and removed her from him. In the same year he married Theodote, who gave birth to a son Leo in 796. Soon the grandmother Irene declared the baby dead.

On August 15, 797, Constantine was blinded by his own mother Irene as warning for iconoclasm. His wife Fedora was sent to the monastery, where she gave birth to a son [15]. The deposed Emperor almost died as a result of the execution. However Constantine lived until 805 [16], therefore, the second son was born in 806. Thus, Constantine the Blind had two sons, whose fate remained unknown.

Urus Ugyr Aydar is son of Karadjar and Arya - Uslan, III vol., p. 100 [10]. Literally the name of the Tsar is translated as the Great Horseman Igor. From early childhood he was sheltered from his grandmother Irene in Kiev, at a young age he was baptized, ruled in 815-855. As an adult, because of resentment towards his relatives and the elite of Constantinople, he converted to Islam in 820. He created on the basis of the lands of Kara-Bulgaria (Western Bulgar) the state of Khaganate of Russ (Russ Khaganate) with its capital in Kiev. In those days Kiev was inhabited by the Khazars (Jews), the Avars, the Ugrians and Varangians, were believers in Tengri (Tengrism).

Urus Aydar was the ancestor of the Saklan dynasty of Volga Bulgaria [9], the Russian Rurik dynasty, the dynasty of the Lecapenus and the Arpad dynasty [17] in Hungary (the Table No. 2). Identified persons are indicated in gray in the Table.

The Table No. 2. Names and years of board of tsars of great bulgaria - power, emperors of byzantium and princes of the hungarian kingdom in IX-X centuries

In addition, according to our reconstruction of history [8], Urus Ugyr Aydar also became the founder of the Quraysh dynasty. Aydar married a pechenezh Princess, who gave birth to a son Djilki (820), who converted to Islam and the name Gabdulla. The second son of the Khan was Lachin (822), an admirer of the old faith of Bulgarian - Tengrism (Vedism). During the reign of Urus Ugyr Aydar, Kara-Bulgarians or Russ Khaganate reached economic and political power. In 840 the population census of Kara-Bulgar was conducted, according to which more than 1.1 million people lived in the state, there were 173 thousand households that paid tax on one Marten (Kuna) skin per year (hence the name of Kuna money). In 855 Aydar died and according to his will was buried in the city named after his father - Karadjar, for all his life he grieved for him. Aydar's eldest son, Gabdulla Djilki (820-882), ruled in 855-882, was an Islamist, so was not mentioned in the Chronicles of Byzantium and Russia.

We identify Urus Ugyr Aydar with Leo, the eldest son of Constantine VI the Blind, who allegedly disappeared in infancy.

Basil I Macedonian Flavius is founder of the Macedonian dynasty, life 805-886, reign in 867-886. Place of birth of Basil is not known. The father is considered to be Constantine the Macedonian. Specialists in the history of Byzantium did everything to confuse the ethnicity of the Emperor. Thus the historian Bury John Bagnell [18] recorded it in the Armenians. However, the Arab Chronicles called Basil a Slav, although in fact he was Ugric, Haplogroup N1. Note please, that in the Russian Chronicles used the words Prince of Urman, and in the Bulgarian Urum. We believe that Armenian, Urman and Urumets in the annals simply mean a resident of Rome (Urum) or Roman.

Basil had several children, including sons Leo VI the Philosopher and Alexander I, who continued the dynasty. Hi have four daughters - Anastasia, Anna, Elena and Maria. The last three were born in the Porphyry hall of Palace in Constantinople.

Curiously, the young Basil from 813 lived in the rate of Khan Krum. Historians call this period of captivity. In fact, Krum was Basil's uncle. Only in 836 Basil allegedly managed to escape to Thrace, where he found freedom. We believe that in this he was helped by the ships of the Russ Vikings [19]. In 866 Basil was declared co-ruler of Michael III the Drunkard, and a year later he killed his benefactor and became sole Emperor. At the time of the change of power in 867, the ships of the Princes Askold and Dir reappeared in New Rome [19]. We are convinced that they participated in the coup. Especially since the Princes of Russ were baptized in Tsargrad with the boyars after the victory of Basil. Having lived a long and varied life, Basil died in a hunting accident in 886. Some historians believe that the Emperor was poisoned or killed by Alexander I's mother.

Lachin, Rurik is son of Khagan Urus Ugyr Aydar, years of life 822-879/882. In the Russian Chronicles, the year of the Prince's death is 879 (6387) [20]. In the Bulgarian Chronicles, Gabdulla Djilki and Lachin / Rurik die in 882, I vol., page 44 [10]. According to our research and the Bulgarian annals III vol., p. 98 [10], Rurik was baptized in 860 in Itil (the capital of the Khazar Khaganate) by his cousins Equal-to-the - Apostles Saints Cyril and Methodius with the cross name Constantine. In 862 [20] Rurik was called to the throne in Novgorod, along with his brothers Sineus and Truvor. At that time, Rurik had an elder brother Djilki and a cousin - Oleg the Seer (Leo), the son of Basil the Macedonian, who later became Emperor Leo VI Philosopher. An alternative version of the identification of Sineus and Truvor is the Russian names of the Princes Askold and Dir. Who of them is called in the Russian Chronicles Sineus and Truvor is still unknown.

Rurik married twice. He spent the first part of his life with wife Umila [20], sister of the Khazar Khagan Isaac (in Russian Chronicles, Umila and Isaac were called children of Gostomysl, Prince of Novgorod). Having lived to 48 years old in a childless marriage, Rurik married a second time to Efanda, the daughter of Prince Urmansky, pp. 422-423 [21]. Efanda was the sister of Prince Urmansky Oleg the Seer, brother-inlaw of Rurik [21]. Before his death, Rurik lived with both wives. After the second wedding of Rurik, Efanda in 870 give birth son Igor. Rurik died in Itil surrounded by Umila, Efenda and son Igor.

Constantine Macedonian Flavius is son and coEmperor of Emperor Basil the Macedonian, years of reign 869-879. The mother of Constantine is called the first wife of Basil the Macedonian named Maria. Known is coin-gold solid, on one side of which depicts Basil I, and on other side Constantine with Eudokia Ingerina.

We identify Rurik/Lachin/Constantine as one historical person who lived in the IX century. Who of daughters of Basil (Anastasia, Anna, Elena, and Maria) married Rurik is still unknown.

Oleg the Seer, Salakhbi is Novgorod Prince since 879, Grand Prince of Kiev since 882, brother-in-law of Rurik [21]. In Bulgarian Chronicles was called Salakhbi, II vol., p. 23, III vol., p. 98 [10]. Year of birth is unknown. Bulgarian sources attributed Oleg/Salakhbi of support for the dissemination of the alphabet Cyril and Methodius. He killed in 882 Princes Askold and Dir in Kiev, seized the throne of the Russian Empire. He led the attack on Constantinople in 907, nailed the shield to the gates of Constantinople. He is concluded lucrative treaties with Byzantium in 907 and 911. He died in 912. In PVL [20] it is called Seer (Prophetic), knowing the future. In the text of the border plate found in Bulgaria and dating back to 904, Oleg was called the Emperor - Theodore Olgu Tarkan [22].

Leo VI Wise or Philosopher Flavius is Byzantine Emperor of the Macedonian dynasty, years of life 866912, year of reign is 886-912. Don't have information about the war with Russ and Oleg the Seer, in the Byzantine Chronicles does not contain. Leo was married four times. In 905 from the marriage with Zoe Karbonopsina was born illegitimate heir to the throne Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. After attacks troops of Russ Prince Oleg in 907 on New Rome, son Constantine was recognized legitimate. In 908 he was crowned as co-ruler of father Leo the Philosopher's. In 912 the Emperor died of stomach pains, apparently poisoned. Before his death he transferred power to his brother Alexander I.

Alexander I Macedonian is Emperor of the Macedonian dynasty, years of life 880-913, and year of reign is 912-913.

We identify the Oleg the Seer-Salakhbi-Leo VI Philosopher as one historical person who lived in the IX-X centuries. Oleg belonged to the Macedonian dynasty, was Christian and headed the Russian state after the death of Rurik, transferring power in Russia to Prince Igor Rurikovich, and in New Rome - to his son Constantine VII.

Igor Rurikovich / Ugyr Lachini is Grand Prince of Kievan Rus in 912-945, the years of life about 878-945 [20]. He was married to Olga, according to Russian opinion [20] originally from Pskov (although such a city appeared only in the XII century), and according to Bulgarian Chronicles from Pliska (Bulgaria). The wedding took place in 903, but the son Svyatoslav was born only in 942, which is ridiculous. According to the Bulgarian data, II vol., pp. 28-29 [10] in 922, Ugyr Lachini proclaimed the independence of Kievan Rus from the Bulgars. In 941 and 944 Igor attacked Constantinople [20]. In 945 Igor attacked Corostel (Putivl) and Prince Mal, coming for the third time for the same tribute [20]. As a result of an unsuccessful attempt to get tribute, Igor was killed. Then came for tribute Olga, which the Prince Mal suggested marriage. As a result of the attack, the city fell, and Prince Mal was captured. The story didn't end there. Accord to the Bulgarian Chronicles, I vol., pp. 86-87 [10], Mal was sent to serve as a Stoker in Olga's bath. For the first time Olga came to bath with her maid, the daughter of a boyar. Quote:

«Mal and the Boyars were placed in the Courtyard of Almysh and told the Emir to be a Stoker in the Uljay (Olga) bath. When Bika (Princess) entered the bathhouse with the maid, the Emir drove the girl out and took possession of Uljay like a wild stallion. After that Uljay made Mal the first Urus Bek (Prince) and kept him with his ladies near her and in the greatest honor. Then our mocking said that the Emir from the very beginning had to fight with Uljay… and not a sword…»

«Uljay, fearing that her connection with the Emir would become known and cause outrage, ordered Mal to kill the witness of her sin - a servant. Mal, however, took possession of the girl and let her go. Meanwhile, she was the daughter of one Ulciscor Biy (Boyar), who all told. Biy mutinied, demanding that Mal marry his daughter»

In the end Mal became a Russian Prince and married Olga's maid. The son of Mal, Dobrynya became Governor of Novgorod, and the daughter of Mal is Malusha married the son of Olga is Gleb and gave birth to Vladimir I.

Romanos I Lecapenus Flavius is Byzantine Emperor from 920 to 944, founder of the Lecapenus dynasty, years of life is 870-948. Traditional historians consider Roman Lecapenus an Armenian from the peasants. He was married to Theodora, who died in 922. He married daughter Helena born in 903 to Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in 919. In 920 he became Emperor co-ruler of Constantine VII. He made co-rulers of his sons Christopher, Stephen and Constantine, and grandchildren - Roman and Constantine. He married his daughter Maria to the Bulgarian Tsar Peter I in 927. The younger son Theophylact Lecapenus, castrated by his father in childhood, became Patriarch of Constantinople (933956). Basil Lecapenus also castrated in childhood, was appointed the first Minister of the Empire (Parakoimomenos) in 945-985. As a result of Palace intrigues, all Lecapenusus lost the Titles Emperors in 945 and were sent into exile, where they died. The plot began in 944, when the sons Stephen and Constantine rebelled against the father Emperor Romanos I Lecapenus and 16 December, 944 arrested him, and then exiled to monastery on the Princes' Islands (20 km from New Rome), where 27 January, 945 were themselves after overthrow.

We identify Igor Rurikovich / Ugyr Lachini - Romanos I Lecapenus as one historical person who lived in the IX-X centuries, life years is 870-944. His wife Olga originally from Danube Bulgaria is daughter of Patrician Nikita. Olga had a sister married to her cousin Igor is Almush. In New Rome her name was Sophia. Igor-Roman Lecapenus had four children: daughter Elena married to Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, the eldest son Svyatoslav (Barys), the middle son Gleb (Uleb) and the youngest son Theophylact, who never visited Russia. The word Lecapenus the Bulgarian originated from the name of Rurik - Lachin. In the Chronicles the Lecapenus were called Lakapini on Bulgarian language the name of the identically - Lachini. At the same time, we understand that the Lecapenuss began to be called not only the direct descendants of Rurik, but also his relatives - the children and grandchildren of elder brother Gabdulla Djilki. Igor Rurikovich was Emperor in 920-944, then was deposed by his sons and killed by nephew Mal.

Almush/Almysh/Almosh is senior or middle son of Gabdulla Djilki, Tsar Kara (Dnieper) and Volga Bulgaria, years of reign 895-925, before Almush rules his brother Bat Ugyr (Igor) in 882-895, III vol., pp. 167-168 [10]. Almush's life years are 855-925 / 931. In Kiev it was the name Olma. In PVL for 898 [20] described the passage of the Ugrians through Kiev with the further capture of the lands of Moravia. Almush's first wife gave birth to sons Gazan (Kazan/Kursan) and Arbat (Arpad). Almush's second wife was called Nushabi, who gave birth to Yalkau Michael, Mal and daughter Zuhra, I vol., p. 49 [10]. The Bulgarian nobility frightened by the invasion of the Oghuz (Torkil), in 895 overthrew Bat-Ugyr, hostile to the Oghuz conquerors, and raised Almush to the Bulgarian throne, who promised to protect Bulgaria from the Oghuz raids. In the center of Kiev was the Great Palace of Almush (Olma yard), which even in the XII century was landmark of the city, II vol., p. 24 [10]. In 907 Almush supported the military operation of Salakhbi (Oleg the Seer) in Constantinople, II vol., p. 25 [10]. In 921 the Great Embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad arrived in United Bulgaria. On May 16, 922, a solemn ceremony was held to proclaim Islam as the state religion of the United Bulgaria, which provided for the appointment of only Muslims to public posts. Under Almush, the minting of the Bulgarian metal coin began. It replaced the leather money that had been in circulation since the Idelic Kingdom era. Silver coins Bulgars called Danga. From this term there was a Russian word Dengi (money), II vol., p. 28 [10]. On coins wrote Jafar bin Gabdulla in honor of the father Almysh. The daughter of the Khan is Zuhra was wed to Tahir before birth, but he was killed, I vol, pp. 54-55 [10], so Zuhra was married to the future King of Bulgaria. Almush died of a wild bear attack in 925, I vol., pp. 73-74 [10]. The rulers who reigned after the death of Almush, according to Kul Gali, were called Weak Kings.

Almos is the leader of the Hungarian tribes, the son of Ugyek. Life time is approximately 820-895. Ugyek is a legendary leader of the Hungarian tribes. According to legend, the wife Asheme saw in the dream, the mythical bird Turul, which seeded the Asheme and predicted that it will happen a lot the great Kings. Soon they had a son Almosh [23].

We identify the mythical leader Ugyek with the very real Djilki, a Khagan of the Bulgarians in 855882. We find out chronological shift downwards for 30 years in the history of the Hungarian Princes and Kings. The real Khan Almos lived up to 925 or 931 instead of 895.

Christopher Lecapenus is considered the eldest son of Emperor Romanos I Lecapenusus, the reign of 921-931. Nothing is known about Christopher's early life. Before his accession, he was the head of the Palace guard. He had three brothers - Stephen Lecapenus, Constantine Lecapenus, and the Patriarch of Constantinople Theophylact, and two younger sisters. When Christopher's mother Theodore died in 922, his wife Sophia was proclaimed Augusta, along with Helena Lekapene. After his death, Sophia went into a monastery. Daughter Maria was married in 927 to the Bulgarian Tsar Peter I.

All kinship ties Emperor Christopher Lecapenus are considered unreliable [24]. It turned out that he was married to Sophia sister of the wife of the father of Roman Lecapenus named Theodore. The father of the sisters was a Slav Nikita, a rich Patrician. At the same time, the daughter Elena of Romanos Lecapenus, was born in 903, respectively, Christopher could not be the son of Romanos, because the relationship of the sisters is established immutably. It can definitely be argued that the mother of Christopher was Theodora, who died in 922. We conclude that the names of Christopher's mother and Romanos I's wife simply coincide.

In 928 the Patrician Nikita incited Christopher to overthrow his father, for which he was expelled. Christopher died in August 931, leaving three children - daughter Maria, son Romanos and Michael, who became Caesars and Emperors co-rulers of Romanos I Lacapenus and Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus in 927-945 and 931-945 respectively.

We identify Almush-Almosh-Christopher as one historical person who lived in the IX-X centuries. Almush was older than his cousin Ugyr Lachini, aka Igor Rurikovich or Romanos. Surprisingly, Igor and Almush were married to sisters Princesses Olga and Sofia, daughters of Patrician Nikita from Bulgaria. Bulgars called Sophia the name Nosaby birth of Yalkau Michael, Mal (Romanos) and the daughter Zuhra (Maria).

Consequently, Christopher was not the son, but the elder cousin of Romanos I Lecapenus - Igor Rurikovich, respectively, was the uncle of Romanos's children - Helena, Stephen (Svyatoslav) and Constantine (Gleb). Our discovery elegantly corrects all misunderstandings of the origin and order of succession of the Macedonian dynasty and the Lacapenus dynasty. Note that the Lacapenus were the closest relatives of the Macedonian dynasty (descendants of Kubrat, Bat Bayan and Constantine VI the Blind) and a branch of the Bulgarian Kings, descended from Kubrat's son named Asparukh (younger brother of Bat Bayan).

Helena Lekapene is Augusta of New Rome, daughter of Romanos I Lecapenus, wife of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, years of live 903-961, gave birth to Romanos II the Younger (938-963) and four daughters - Theodora, Agatha, Theophano and Anna. Father of Helena was Igor Rurikovich, and mother is Princess Olga.

Svyatoslav Igorevich/Barys (form of name Kubar) is Prince of Novgorod (945-969) and Grand Prince of Kiev (945-972), years of life is 942-972. Year of birth is not exactly known. Father Igor and mother Olga married in 903, so date birth Svyatoslav as 942 looks dubious. Mentioned in PVL [20] for 946 is describing a hike on Drevlyan. The Regent of the Kingdom was Princess Olga (died 969), who actually ruled the state. In Joachim's chronicle p. 433 (38) [21] said that Svyatoslav killed his younger brother Gleb for belonging to Christianity. Svyatoslav's children are Yaropolk, Oleg and Vladimir, and the Chronicles separate Vladimir from Svyatoslav's other sons:

«Svyatoslav had three sons they also divided the region: the eldest Yaropolk get city Kiev with all the regions, Oleg the youngest get Drevlyany, and Vladimir, son of Malusha get Novgrad»

The mother of Yaropolk and Oleg is unknown. Vladimir's mother was Malusha, is Princess Olga's housekeeper. Svyatoslav fought with Bulgarians, Byzantines and Khazars in 960th defeated the Khazar Khaganate with the help of troops of the Volga Bulgarians and Byzantines (heavy cavalry, battering machines). He died in 972 on the rapids of the Dnieper at the hands of the Pechenegs.

Barys (form of name Kubar) is Russian Bek, son of Ugyr Lachini - Igor Rurikovich. For the first time Barys is mentioned by Bulgars, I vol., p. 51 [10] in the event dated 925. A certain doctor Subash built a hospital and a pharmacy in Bastu (Kiev), where he healed the terminally ill Barys, the son of Ugyr Lachini, whom the Roman doctors tried unsuccessfully to treat.

«When Barys's mother - anatyshka Uljay [Olga] asked him why he did it, Subash replied:» My father became very rich from the sale of rum [Roman] things that he bought from Ughir [Igor], and considered himself indebted to him. So I want to help his son.» «What are your terms?» asked berry.» If I heal Barys, let him not accept Christianity, «said Father Subash. He cured Barys and gave him a new name Audan…, and he did not convert to Christianity…»

It is known that Svyatoslav-Barys remained a Tengrism until the end of his life.

On annals I vol., pp. 97-98 [10] it's said that Barys would not have been able to take Itil without soldiers and wall-breaking equipment of the Rumanians. After the victory over Khazaria, Barys took its share in the form of province Djir (modern Moscow, Tver, Yaroslavl and Vladimir regions). In 972, I vol., pp. 99100 [10] Kura Khan, Khan of the Pechenegs, waylaid Barys on the spurs of the Dnieper and beheaded him for failure to pay several measures of honey as a toll for travel through the lands of the Pechenegs. From the skull of Barys Khan made a bowl for the bal, which was used on ceremonial occasions for several hundred years [20].

Stephen Lecapenus is the son and co-ruler of Emperor Romanos I Lecapenus in 924-945 [25]. Date of birth is unknown. He was declared co-ruler on December 25, 924 along with his younger brother Constantine Lecapenus. In 933 he married Anna, who gave birth to a son named Romanos. In 943 Romanos I Lecapenus made a will, according to which Constantine VII was to become the senior Emperor. Stephen and Constantine Lecapenus organized a conspiracy and on December 20, 944 took his father to the island of Proti, where he was forced to abdicate and take the veil as a monk. The wife of Constantine VII did not accept the circumstances and accused Stephen and Constantine of plotting to overthrow the legitimate Emperor. The court of the Empire decided to seize the sons of Romanos Lecapenus and send them to an island where dwelt the novel. The Lecapenus Emperors were expelled from Byzantium in 945. Stephen died in exile in the 963. John Skylitzes believes that Stephen was poisoned by the Empress Theophano [26].

We identify Svyatoslav-Barys-Stephen Lecapenus as one historical person who lived in the X century. He was born after 905, was the second child in the family of Igor and Olga. In his majority he was proclaimed Emperor-co-ruler of the father Romanos Lecapenus (Igor Rurikovich). Active life path began after recovery in 925. He had two sons is Yaropolk and Oleg. The firstborn (Romanos - Yaropolk) was born before the expulsion from Constantinople in 945, probably in 933. Svyatoslav died in adulthood in 972 on the spurs of the Dnieper.

Gleb Igorevich/ Uleb/ Talib are Russian Prince, youngest son of Igor Rurikovich and Olga, husband of Malusha and father of Vladimir. From the Russian Chronicles it is known that Gleb was a Christian and suffered a Martyr's death at the hands of his elder brother Svyatoslav pp. 432-433 [21]:

«He became fierce, and the single brother of Gleb (38) not for mercy, but the different flour wearying kills. But Gleb joy in agony come and faith to Christ not stop and idol bow not want, with joy the crown of torments accept.»

Constantine Lecapenus is the youngest son and co-ruler of Emperor Romanos I Lecapenus, reign in 924-945 [25]. Date of birth is unknown, was killed between 946 and 948 in exile while trying to escape. In 939 Constantine married Helena, and after her death on 14 January, 940 two weeks later (February 2) he married to Theophano Mamas. In marriage was born son Roman, from what mothers is unknown, although on logic he could be born only from Theophano [27, 28]. It is believed that Roman castrated in 945, so as not to claim the throne [27]. As result, Roman made a career as a judge and became the Eparch of Constantinople [27].

In the description of the beginning of the reign of Mohammed (943-976), son of Yalkau Michael, grandson of Almush, there are historical characters Gali and his son Kubar, I vol., pp. 85-90 [10]. After 944 the Bek Gali is not mentioned in the Bulgarian Chronicles.

We identify Gleb-Constantine Lecapenus-Galib - Gali as one historical person who lived in the X century. Born after 907 he was killed by his elder brother Svyatoslav for the failure of a plot against his decrepit father Igor (74 years old) in 945. He was co-ruler - Emperor in 924-945. He was married twice. The last wife was Malusha, identified by us as Empress Theophano. Malusha - Theophano is Vladimir's mother.

Mal is Bulgarian Khan and the Russian Prince, the son of Khan Almush and Nushabe. He was a Drevlians Prince who led the uprising of 945, during which Igor Rurikovich was killed. Date birth is unknown, died in 946. D.I. Prozorovsky in 1864 expressed the idea that Mal was associated with the Rurikovich, his daughter was Malusha and son Dobrynya, who became Governor in Novgorod. After the murder of Igor, Prince Mal offered Olga to marry him 6453 (945) [20].

The Bulgarians many times described the acts of the Mal. He is first mentioned in the events of 912, I vol., pp. 54-55 [10], when Mal and his sister Zuhra were captured as children. On this basis, we can say that Mal and Zuhra were born in the 900-910th. Zuhra married Tsar Peter of Bulgaria in 927 as an adult girl. For several years Mal lived in captivity in Itil, the capital of the Khazars. Khazar Khan Arslan had plans to put Mal on the throne after his death, I vol., p. 56 [10]. Bulgarian Chronicles claim that Mal was married to one of the former wives of Igor Rurikovich, who ran away to Mal because of the machinations of Olga, I vol., pp. 85-86 [10]. It was on her orders that Igor, captured, was torn to pieces by bent trees in 945 [20]. Mal was then captured by Uljay (Olga) and was appointed Stoker in the Princess's bath. Family of Mal has remained in honor - son Ugyr Barys [Svyatoslav] married on Mal daughters, and son Dobrynya became the first Boyar in Novgorod, I vol.,...