Making peace with war: adaptation and the soviet political economy in the blockade of Leningrad
Adaptation and the soviet political economy. The logic of policy of feeding the civilians in the first six months of blockade. Sources of food and its distributing. Failed adaptations - the case of fish. Providing the population of Leningrad with food.
| Рубрика | История и исторические личности |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 20.08.2021 |
| Размер файла | 30,6 K |
Отправить свою хорошую работу в базу знаний просто. Используйте форму, расположенную ниже
Студенты, аспиранты, молодые ученые, использующие базу знаний в своей учебе и работе, будут вам очень благодарны.
The second half of 1941 was a story of shock, panic, and desperation. By 1942, the war and Blockade were a new normal, and the regime responded accordingly: devising responses that were more in line with that new normality, that did not overtly challenging existing institutional arrangements and power logics, and that could defend state power to control its citizens. However, other challenges persisted (which we address in forthcoming work): a growing economy of shadow exchange (some of which involved theft and speculation), tensions in control and autonomy of Blockade bodies, and a tension between formal discourse (especially propaganda) and civilian discourse (from letters to the authorities, to shadow talk) revealing potential contradictions and correlations between the political economy of control and a nascent moral economy of dignity and provision. Ratsionnoe pitanie, podsobnoe klhoziaistvo, statsionry, and the like were the easy parts of innovation, and they revealed that the regime could adapt -- when power was not so much at stake. What happened beyond that is another story to be told.
food leningrad blockade policy
Literature
1. An example of the first would be Nikita Khrushchev's sovnarkhoz reforms, intended to undercut the central economic bureaucracy. An example of the second would be the constant attempts under Leonid Brezhnev to harness the “scientific-technological revolution” or Iurii Andropov's use of cost-account (khozraschet) and disciplinary actions to reduce labor absenteeism (which Mikhail Gorbachev copied in his first years in power). In neither case do we see real adaptation to new circumstances in the domestic economic and global context.
2. Izvestia TsKKPSS, № 9, 1990, pp. 204, 213.
3. Lomagin N. V tiskakh goloda. Blokada Leningrada v dokumentakh germanskikh spetssluzhb, NKVD i pis'makh leningradtsev (St. Petersburg, 2014).
4. Some such lessons include: the immediate introduction of ration systems in all frontline cities; a hard monetary policy, including strict limits on cash withdrawals from saving accounts; and tight control over energy consumption, transportation of fuel and other vital resources by water, and extensive use of local resources, etc. In one form or another, these recommendations were made by the State Planning Committee (Gosplan) or other relevant branches of the government. This topic, lessons of the Winter War learned and not learned, demands its own separate study.
5. See instruction by Narkomat of Finance, “On cash withdrawals from savings accounts”, in Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki (RGAE, Russian State Economics Archives), f. 7733, op. 26, d. 24, l. 92.
6. E. g.: Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Sankt-Peterburga (TsGA SPb, Central State Archive of St. Petersburg), f. 7384, op. 36, d. 128, 129, 148, and 149.
7. Gosudarstvennyi arkhiv Rossiiskoi Federatsii (GARF, State Archive of the Russian Federation), f. P-6822, op. 1, d. 21, l. 16.
8. RGAE, f. 7733, op. 26, d. 26, l. 32-34, d. 78, l. 86-91.
9. There were additional secondary categories, or revisions of categories, that were not announced publicly: for example, extra food for Party members, nomenklatura, blood donors, and others.
10. Leningrad's Military Council emerged as part of this process, albeit with its own unique politics. See: Danilov V.N. Sovietskoe gosudarstvo v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine: fenomen chresvy-chainykh organov vlasti 1941-1945 gg. (Saratov, 2002).
11. Boldovskii K. et al. Blokada Leningrada v resheniiakh rukovodiashchikh partiinykh organov Leningrada 1941-1944 gg. Postanovleniia biuro leningradskikh gorkoma i obkoma VKP(b), stenogrammy zasedanii. Chast' 1: Iun' 1941 g. -- mart 1942 g. (St. Petersburg, 2019), p. 39; Danilov V.N. Sovietskoe gosudarstvo, p. 47.
12. Sobolev G.L., Khodiakov M.V. `Prodovolstvennaia komissiia Voennogo Sovieta Leningradskogo fronta v 1942 g.', Modern History of Russia, no. 1 (15), 2016, pp. 8-21. Archival materials about Food Commission decisions were declassified only recently. In his Leningrad v blockade (Pavlov D.V. Leningrad v blockade (Leningrad, 1985)) Dmitrii Pavlov made little mention of the Food Commission and its work -- perhaps because he returned to Moscow on January 18 and did not observe its working, and because Food Commission members were repressed in the Leningrad Affair.
13. Andreenko was not a member of Food Commission. His job was to supply the Food Commission with all needed information and then immediately implement their decisions as decrees of Lengorispolkom.
14. TsGA SPb f. 2076, op. 4s, d. 67, l. 12-13.
15. Tsentral'nyi gosudarstvennyi arkhiv istoriko-politicheskikh dokumentov Sankt-Peterburga (TsGAIPD SPb, Central State Archive of Historical-Political Documents of St. Petersburg) f. 25, op. 15, d. 150, l. 2.
16. Cf.: TsGAIPD SPb f. 4000, op. 20, d. 18, l. 20-22.
17. Ibid., op. 10, d. 1131, l. 1-5.
18. Ibid., d. 327, l. 8-9.
19. Ibid. f. 24, op. 2v, d. 5787, l. 27.
20. Ibid., l. 28.
21. Ibid., l. 29.
22. Ibid., d. 5835, l. 38.
23. Ibid., f. 25, op. 15, d. 150, l. 3.
24. Ibid., l. 2.
25. Ibid., f. 4000, op. 20, d. 74, l. 1.
26. Ibid., l. 4.
27. Ibid., l. 1, 3.
28. Ibid., f. 24, op. 2v, d. 5082, l. 6-7.
29. Ibid., l. 5.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid., f. 25, op. 15, d. 150, l. 2.
32. Gosudarstvennyi memorial'nyi muzei oborony i blokady Leningrada (GMMOBL, State Memorial Museum of the Defense and Blockade of Leningrad) op. 1r, d. 30.
33. TsGAIPD SPb f. 4000, op. 20, d. 75, l. 1.
34. Ibid., l. 4.
35. Ibid., l. 2.
36. Ibid., l. 4.
37. For one account, see the diary of Aleksei Evdokimov: GMMOBL op. 1r, d. 30.
38. TsGAIPD SPb f. 25, op. 15, d. 150, l. 2. We should note demographic changes eased the food situation somewhat: the massive death toll and then civilian evacuation meant fewer mouths to feed.
39. Ibid., f. 24, op. 2v, d. 5888a, l. 12.
40. Ibid., f. 4000, op. 20, d. 57, l. 66.
41. Ibid., d. 40, l. 4-5.
42. Ibid., f. 25, op. 13, d. 27, l. 87.
43. Ibid., f. 4000, op. 20, d. 40, l. 26-27.
44. Ibid., f. 24, op. 2v, d. 5835, l. 6.
45. Ibid., l. 8.
46. Ibid., l. 12-13.
47. Ibid., f. 7384, op. 17, d. 651, l. 1-6.
Размещено на Allbest.ru
...Подобные документы
Biographical information about the life of Soviet and Azerbaijani state, party and political figure Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev. Becoming a political career and work as Russian President Vladimir Putin. Angela Dorothea Merkel is a German politician.
реферат [24,6 K], добавлен 20.10.2014Practical aspects of U.S. security policy from the point of view of their reflection in the "Grand strategy", as well as military-political and military-political doctrines. The hierarchy of strategic documents defining the policy of safety and defense.
статья [26,3 K], добавлен 19.09.2017Description of the economic situation in the Qing empire. State control over the economy. Impact on its development Opium Wars. Thermos trade policy of the government. Causes and consequences of the economic crisis. Enforcement of a foreign sector.
курсовая работа [77,7 K], добавлен 27.11.2014The Historical Background of Cold War. The Historical Context. Causes and Interpretations. The Cold War Chronology. The War Years. The Truman Doctrine. The Marshall Plan. The Role of Cold War in American History and Diplomacy.
дипломная работа [53,5 K], добавлен 24.05.2003European heritage and civil government and the foundation of colonial America. Revolution, confederation and the federal Constitution, The foundation of Hamilton’s vision on the treasury. Utility and the prime end of all law. Ancient and modern virtues.
книга [905,1 K], добавлен 26.06.2008Trade and industry of the England in the 16th century. Houses, its construction. Food in England in the 16-th century. Clothes for rich and poor people. Education in the country. A petty school. Oxford and Cambridge universities. The age of the marriage.
презентация [992,5 K], добавлен 28.04.2015The totalitarian regime of control by the Soviet Union: destruction of the moral code of society, changing the mindset of people. The destruction of people during the Great Terror of Stalin's regime. The concept of "blind ideology" and "national fear."
реферат [17,5 K], добавлен 09.05.2013Features of the socio-political situation of the Kazakh people after the October Revolution of 1917. The creation of KazASSR in 1920, its internal structure of the state system, main stages of development and the economic and industrial achievements.
презентация [1,2 M], добавлен 01.03.2016Farmers and monument builders. The foundation of St. Andrew`s University. Mary the Queen of Scots. Political and cultural life after merger of Scotland and England. The Jacobite Rebellions. The main characteristics of Scotland in the modern era.
курсовая работа [69,4 K], добавлен 20.09.2013The dynamics of the Cold War. The War and post-war period. The Eastern Bloc, Berlin Blockade and airlift. NATO beginnings and Radio Free Europe. Crisis and escalation: Khrushchev, Eisenhower and destalinization. Warsaw Pact and Hungarian Revolution.
реферат [81,7 K], добавлен 25.03.2012The birth and first interests of Soviet rocket scientists, S. Korolev. The beginning of a career aircraft designer and getting my pilot's license. He created satellites, rockets and launch it into space the first cosmonaut Y. Gagarin. He received awards.
презентация [680,9 K], добавлен 15.05.2016The history of Russian-American relations and treaties. Rise of the British Colonies against the economic oppression of the British as the start of diplomatic relations between Russia and the USA. The collapse of the USSR and the end of the Cold War.
контрольная работа [14,1 K], добавлен 07.05.2011The world political and economic situation on the beginning of the twentieth century. The formation of the alliances between the European states as one of the most important causes of World War One. Nationalism and it's place in the world conflict.
статья [12,6 K], добавлен 13.03.2014Activities of the King of England and Ireland, Henry VIII, scholar, linguist, musician, first with monarchs brought up under the influence of Protestant doctrines of the Renaissance. Political and theological alliance with the German Lutheran princes.
реферат [20,0 K], добавлен 07.05.2011Russia Empire in the XX century entered into a complex economic and political environment. Consequences of defeat of autocracy in war with Japan. Reasons of growing revolutionary motion in Grodno. Events of revolution of a 1905 year in Byelorussia.
реферат [9,4 K], добавлен 14.10.2009An analysis of the prosperity of the British economy in the 10th century. Features of the ascent to the throne of King Knut. Prerequisites for the formation of Anglo-Viking aristocracy. Description of the history of the end of the Anglo-Saxon England.
реферат [20,5 K], добавлен 26.12.2010Bourgeoisie and proletariat as two massive flows in France, which prepare and made revolution. French Revolution as an impact on the appearing the entire political events in the European countries. Democratic actions in Switzerland after revolution.
доклад [10,7 K], добавлен 14.04.2010The most important centers of the Belarusian national revival. Development of public libraries in Byelorussia. Value Hlebtsevicha as a great researcher of library science, his contribution to development of network of free libraries in Byelorussia.
статья [8,2 K], добавлен 14.10.2009Great Britain: General Facts. The History of Great Britain. Culture of Great Britain. The British Education. The Modern British Economy. The Modern British Industry. The Modern British Army. The Two Lessons. "Customs and Traditions of Great Britain".
курсовая работа [38,0 K], добавлен 03.12.2002Characteristics of the economic life of Kazakhstan in the post-war years, the beginning of economic restructuring on a peace footing. Economic policies and the rapid development of heavy industry. The ideology of the industrial development of Kazakhstan.
презентация [1,3 M], добавлен 13.12.2014
