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APPENDICES

1) A Letter-Order from Turkish Sultan Abdulkhamid І (Ruling period: 1774 - 1789) to Kadee (Judge) of the city of Izmir

The other side of the document

A Letter-Order from Turkish Sultan Abdulkhamid І to Kadee (Judge) of the city of Izmir

Kamaynets-Podilsky State Historical Meseum-Reservation.

Repository. КУ-27303. RD-d/p 667 (a photocopy of the original of the document)

2) Translation of “A Letter-Order from Turkish Sultan Abdulkhamid І
to Kadee (Judge) of the city of Izmir”^gra

(Khan Abdulkhamid [1], Son of [Sultan] Аkhmed [III], is always the Winner):

[Line ] - “The Kadee of the Moslem judges and the leader of all leaders of the people that worship the one God - the Sovereign Lord, who is the source of solid knowledge and raises the banners of the Shariah and religion; who is the Haeres of knowledge of emissaries and predictors, chosen by the governor's order and with the help of the Sovereign Lord, the Kadee of Izmir (May his amount of education rise still more!)! You are the pride of judges and masters, and also a connoisseur of great knowledge and words. Before starting from Istanbul to Izmir and onto the Mediterranean Sea islands (including those of the Aegean Sea)...”

[Line 2] - Judges and authorised representatives of judges of the countries situated along [Your] way, (May their high amount of education rise still more!), from towns and cities with the governmental administration, that inspire all [our] friends, commanders of Yanissaries, heads of customs controls and collectors of the jizye, as well other commanders and officers (May their power grow!), who are proud of You, after receiving personally this high governmental Ferman, shall know that the Temporary Charge d'Affaires of the Russian State, who is now in Istanbul and is one of the leaders of the Christian people and worships the Religion of Jesus, Knight Derkachov

[Line 3] - (May be happy and blessed the end of His life!) has handed me a stamped letter, sent to My High Threshold, that is a source of happiness, so as you would not make Russian people and traders pay the jizye and other kinds of taxes, if they travel through the territory of the Ottoman Empire, and also informing us of the needs to be friendly to those according to the terms and conditions of the treaty on the goods that are to be sold from Russia and other countries on the territory of the Ottoman Empire, particularly

[Line 4] - on the places for selling these goods. The goods that are to be traded with and bought by merchants on lands of the Ottoman Empire so as to transport them onto the territory of Russia and that of other states, there shall be paid a customs tax on the places where the respective goods were purchased, as it is provided in the Tariff Book, in the amount of 3 %, a receipt shall be given for making such a payment.

[Line 5] - We are explaining to you that after receiving the customs fee one time, customs officers of the territories through which respective merchants travel, shall not compel the latter ones to pay customs or other fees again, for example under the pretex, as if those had cross the borderlines. But, if, contradicting such a set up order, the respective merchants paid the customs tax for the second time, the paid amount shall be returned.

[Line 6] - There is another point. According to the Treaty, existing between the two states, and due to some provisions of that Treaty, a Russian merchant by name Belisar Ivanov, aiming at making his trading, informs us about his trip through Istanbul to Izmir, as well as onto some islands in the Mediterranian Sea (including islands in the Aegean Sea). Hence, we have to observe provisions of the said Treaty properly

[Line 7] - and neither bring any harm to the merchant during his traveling, nor make him pay the customs or other taxes repeatedly, particularly the jizye tax, which would be against the terms and conditions of the concluded treaty, nor attack him, nor interfere with his traveling or with his trade, nor make claims to his uniform or dressing, and nor make him any other blocking actions. The respective merchant addressed me and asked me to issue corresponding instructions on behalf of our sultanate.

[Line 88] - Following this request, I order you to fulfill the terms and conditions of the said Treaty properly. As you are the highest governmental officer, so it shall be provided for the said merchant conditions for his transporting his goods, unless those are not illegal, through Istanbul to Izmir and onto some islands. Goods for sale brought from other countries, particularly ones from the Russian state,

[Line 9] - on the places of their purchasing and on the places organised for selling those ones, shall be completely taxed, according to the terms and conditions of the above said Treaty and approved provisions of the Tariff Book in relation of the customs fee, in the amount of 3%, while the payer shall be given a receipt confirming the payment having been made. After that neither payment of the customs tax may be made when the trader is travelling within the territory of our state,

[Line 10] - nor that of other taxes, particularly the jizye tax. It is prohibited from the respective merchant. Do not bring him any harm and do not interfere with is travelling or making his trading business, do not set up claims to his uniform or dressing, and properly fulfill and observe the terms and conditions of the Treaty. That was the purpose, that out Ferman has been made for, which deserves high honour. I order that you,

[Line 11] - [space] when receive this Order of Ours, deserving high honour, in the way as I have explained it to you,

[Line 12] - should undertake measures required to provide examplary observation of this Order of Ours as Our order to exemplary fulfill your official duties. You should be afraid of failing to do the above said. Bear that well in your mind! And credit our Tugra!

Date of writing: written in Zilkade Month, 1197 according to the Islamic Calendar Hijri (1 - 10 Zilkade, 1197), that is 28 September - 7 October, 1783 according to the Christian Calendar.

The place of writing - Istanbul.

3) Translation of a reviewed text of the document
“A Letter-Order from Turkish Sultan Abdulkhamid І
to Kadee (Judge) of the city of Izmir”

The archival document in question was written in Turkish-Ottoman in Turkey by Sultan Abdulkhamid І to the Kadee of the city of Izmir in connection with addressing of the temporary Charge d'Affires of the Russian State in Istanbul, Knight Derkachov, who was in Topkapy Palace in Istanbul, so as to address the Sultan with a request in relation of trade aspects. The Governor of the Ottoman Empire in his Letter-Order instructs the Kadee of the said city, that when the Kadee leaves Istanbul for Izmir or for some islands in the Mediterranian Sea or in the Aegean Sea, the Kadee shall inform the local authorised officials, so that those ones will not make Russian people and traders pay the jizye and other kinds of taxes, providing that such people are travelling within the territory of the Ottoman Empire; the Sultan also requires to provide necessary friendly attitude to such travelling people, according to terms and conditions of the Treaty on the goods which are to be sold from Russia and from other countries on lands of the Turkish Ottoman Empire, particularly on the places of selling the said goods. Goods which are to be sold, but which were bought on lands of the said state, as well the right to transport such goods by merchants to the territory of Russian and onto territories of other states, shall be taxed for merchants on the places, where the respective goods were purchased, according to provisions of the Tariff Book , in the amount of 3%, and an official receipt shall be issued certifying the respective payment having been made. It is said that after receiving the customs fee one time, customs officers of the territories crossed respective trading merchants shall not make the latter ones to pay the customs and any other taxes repeatedly; if any customs or other taxes were received from the respective merchants more than one time, the repeated amounts shall be liable to their returning to the traders. For instance, the considered document runs about the Treaty between the High Porte and Moscovian Tsardom, which dealt with terms and conditions for settling trade relations, including here the provision of free travelling of Russian merchants within the territory of the Ottoman Empire and obligatory observation of the terms and conditions of the said Treaty. Aiming at settling all above said problems, one of the Russian merchants, addressed through diplomatic representatives in Istanbul, the Turkish Government with a request to issue a respective governmental Order in Turkey. The goods for sale brought from other countries, or purchased in Turkey for their sale in other countries, were to be completely taxed on the places of purchasing the respective goods or on the places organised for their sale according to the terms and conditions of the said Treaty and to the approved provisions relating the tax tariffs. After paying the required customs tax one may not require from the trading merchants any repeated customs taxes while such merchants travel within the territory of the Ottoman Empire, particularly the jizye tax. The Sultan in the document in question orders to undertake all required measures needed to provide implementation of the respective commission, as well as he warns about the responsibility for failing to fulfill the Ferman. This manuscript demonstrates the fact of the existence of diplomatic relations between the above said states, inter alia - the trade relations.

The document was written 28 September - 7 October 1783 in the city of Istanbul.

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