On the perpetrators list compilation of the Holodomor-genocide of the Ukrainians: party-state nomenclature and employees of repressive punitive bodies

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National Museum of the Holodomor-Genocide, Honored Worker of Culture of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

On the perpetrators list compilation of the Holodomor-genocide of the Ukrainians: party-state nomenclature and employees of repressive punitive bodies

Olesia Stasiuk

PhD (History), Director General of

Abstract

The purpose of the research is to publish the names of individual figures of the party-state nomenclature and employees of repressive and punitive bodies belonging to the cohort of perpetrators of the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians, as well as to analyze their role in committing this crime. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, systematization, scientificity, verification, an authorial objectivity, the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical genetic, historical typological, historical systemic) methods. The scientific novelty is that for the first time the material on the compilation of future lists of perpetrators of the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians in 1932 - 1933 has been analyzed, which is an important aspect of domestic famine studies at the present stage. The Conclusions. Studying and compiling the lists of perpetrators of the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians is an important and promising area of research, because it deals with the institution of commissioners, which arose as a result of a deliberate criminal intent by the top party leadership of the USSR to subdue the Ukrainians by making them starve. In this crime case, it is a collective subject of the crime - from the organizers among the top Soviet leadership to the party-state nomenklatura and representatives of the repressive and punitive bodies of the USSR, which should be the subject of a comprehensive and full-fledged research, with a view to compiling and publishing as complete and authentic list as possible of all perpetrators of this crime. This case requires the need to broaden the view on the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians and to move to another level of the research - to generalized, synthetic studies, which led to the models modernization of historical knowledge and brought the Ukrainian famine to a higher, generalizing level of understanding.

Key words: Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians, lists of perpetrators, party-state nomenclature, repressive and punitive bodies of the USSR.

Анотація

ДО ПИТАННЯ ПРО УКЛАДАННЯ СПИСКУ ВИКОНАВЦІВ ГОЛОДОМОРУ-ГЕНОЦИДУ УКРАЇНЦІВ: ПАРТІЙНО-ДЕРЖАВНА НОМЕНКЛАТУРА ТА ПРАЦІВНИКИ РЕПРЕСИВНО-КАРАЛЬНИХ ОРГАНІВ

Олеся СТАСЮК

кандидат історичних наук, генеральний директор Національного музею Голодомору- геноциду, заслужений працівник культури України, м. Київ, Україна

Мета дослідження - оприлюднити імена окремих діячів партійно-державної номенклатури та працівників репресивно-каральних органів, що належать до когорти виконавців Голодомору-геноциду українців, а також проаналізувати їхню роль у вчиненні даного злочину. Методологія дослідження ґрунтується на принципах історизму, системності, науковості, верифікації, авторської об'єктивності, на використання загальнонаукових (аналіз, синтез, узагальнення) та спеціально-історичних (історико-генетичний, історико-типологічний, історико-системний) методів. Наукова новизна полягає в тому, що вперше проаналізовано матеріал на предмет укладання майбутніх списків виконавців Голодомору-геноциду українців 1932 - 1933 рр., що є вагомим аспектом вітчизняних голодоморознавчих студій на сучасному етапі. Висновки. Вивчення та укладання списків виконавців Голодомору-геноциду українців є важливим і перспективним напрямком дослідження, адже йдеться про інститут уповноважених, що виник в результаті цілеспрямованого злочинного наміру з боку вищого партійного керівництва СРСР приборкати українців шляхом їх примусового виголодження. У випадку з цим злочином йдеться про колективного суб'єкта злочину - від організаторів серед вищого радянського керівництва до партійно-державної номенклатури та представників репресивно-каральних органів УРСС, який має стати об'єктом комплексного та повноцінного дослідження, маючи на меті укладання та оприлюднення якомога повнішого й автентичного списку усіх виконавців цього злочину. Це тягне за собою потребу розширення погляду на тему Голодомору-геноциду українців та переходу на інший рівень досліджень - до узагальнюючих, синтетичних опрацювань, що зумовлювало модернізацію існуючих моделей історичного пізнання та виводило українське голодоморознавство на вищий, узагальнюючий рівень осягнення проблем.

Ключові слова: Голодомор-геноцид українців, списки виконавців, партійно-державна номенклатура, репресивно-каральні органи УРСС.

1. The Problem Statement

holodomor genocide repressive perpetrator

Historical events, such as victories or crimes, can be unlikely considered predetermined according to some general outlined plan. Behind each of these events there are specific figures of different levels, who generate and implement these events, there are their creators at the level of political forces, individual groups and their leaders.

The situation is similar to the organization of the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians in 1932 - 1933, which is undoubtedly a global crime with its own planning engineers, organizers and executors. The vast majority of famine historians for some reason ignore the personal aspect of the problem, paying more attention to the ideological preconditions, demographic data or, for instance, consequences. But as long as the question of the role of the commissioners and perpetrators institution of the Genocide of the Ukrainians remains unanswered, we will not be able to get a complete and detailed picture of this crime, we will not be able to understand its significance for modern Ukrainian society. It is not only about the organizers, who held the leading positions in the Ukrainian Bolshevik Party, about S. Kosior, P. Postyshev and V. Chubar, but it is also about other employees of the party apparatus, repressive and punitive bodies, whose names and lists must be made public, because it is a well-organized criminal vertical from an institutional point of view, which purposefully and consistently exterminated the Ukrainians, depriving them of their livelihoods and starving them to death at their ethnic territory.

The Analysis of Sources and Recent Researches. Nowadays, the participation issue of commissioners and perpetrators institution in the Holodomor-Genocide of 1932 - 1933 in Ukraine is almost not raised among the Holodomor historians. Close to this topic are the researches, which focus on analyzing the moral and political climate and social sentiments, formed under conditions of confrontation of rural activists and performers with peasant farmers, of the Genocide of the Ukrainians. (Bem, 2003; Bem, 2007), Stalin's “revolution from the above” as an important factor in the politicization of the Ukrainian community and the formation of rural “activists” and the institution of performers (Hrynevych, 2003), the socio- psychological portrait of a rural “activist” within the cultural and anthropological paradigm of historiographical researches (Drovoziuk, 2003), formation of social groups, typology of behaviour and methods of work of rural “activists” and performers (Lysenko, 2011; Lysenko, 2012), their activity as one of the factors in the emergence of peasant uprisings (Lysenko, 2013).

The purpose of the article - the publication of the names of individual figures of the party-state nomenclature and employees of repressive and punitive bodies, who belong to the cohort of perpetrators of the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians, as well as the analysis of their role in committing this crime.

2. The Basic Material Statement

One of the important aspects of researching the topic of the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians in 1932 - 1933 is the formation and analysis of the list of commissioners and executors, who helped the communist government to carry out the system of criminal acts, “aimed at the physical extermination of a group of people” in different regions of Ukraine, i.e., the Genocide, called by Nuremberg International Military Tribunal (Mokhonchuk, 2011, pp. 356-357). According to a resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on 11 December 1946, Genocide was declared a crime according to the international law. The principal perpetrators and accomplices must be punished, no matter whether they are public officials or private individuals. The formation of the perpetrators list of the Genocide of the Ukrainians is one of the priorities of modern Holodomor historians. Without the list of perpetrators the Holodomor crime will still be questioned and challenged by various states, institutions and expert groups.

Let's try to single out and analyze some materials that are important for compiling the perpetrators list of the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians in the future, we are talking about the information on the members of the party-state nomenclature, repressive and punitive bodies, who carried out criminal orders of the top party leadership at the territory of Ukraine.

Performers of the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians among the Party-State Nomenclature

Akulov Ivan Oleksiyovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide - a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. and the Organization Bureau of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. (October of 1932 - November of 1933), the First Secretary of Donetsk Regional Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. (September 20, 1932 - September 18, 1933) and the Secretary of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. for Donbass (from October 12, 1932 till November 22, 1933). As the first deputy chairman of the OGPU, he headed the commission for the elaboration of the Instruction “On the Application of the Resolution of the CEC and RNC of the USSR of August 7, 1932 on the Protection of State Enterprises, Collective Farms and Cooperation and Strengthening Public (Socialist) Property” (the so-called “Law of 5 Spikelets”), the text of which, signed by him on September 16, 1932, by the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the USSR, A. Vynokurov, and the Prosecutor of the Supreme Court of the USSR, P. Krasikov, is the procedural basis for the Genocide of the Ukrainian nation.

On September 15, 1932, he signed a circular of the OGPU “On Measures to Ensure the Government Resolution on the Prohibition of Bread Selling”, which implemented the resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b), “On Fight against the Law Violations of Bread Selling at Market Places”, which forbade the sale and purchase of bread, flour and cereals at market places.

As the head of Donetsk regional committee of the CP(b)Ukr, he followed carefully the directives of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b), the personal instructions of J. Stalin and his emissaries: V. Molotov and L. Kaganovych, which led to the starvation of hundreds of thousands of Donetsk region residents.

Alekseyev Mykyta Oleksiyovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide - the candidate for the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. (January of 1932 - June of 1933), the First Secretary of Vinnytsia Regional Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. (February - September of 1932), the Chairman of the Executive Committee of Dnipropetrovsk Regional Council (October of 1932 - May of 1933), the First Secretary of Kharkiv City Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. (June of 1933 - June of 1934), the First Secretary of Kyiv City Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. (June of 1934 - July of 1935).

Asatkin Olexander Mykolayovych. At the beginning of 1933 he was sent to Ukraine by the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) to the post of the head of the MTS political sector of the People's Commissariat of Land of the USSR. He ensured the ideological and organizational committing the genocide crime by the MTS political departments in Ukraine. He received the information on starvation, mass deaths, cannibalism and corpse eating caused by forced prolonged starvation, as it was evidenced by a review note of the MTS political sector of Kyiv region dated June 14, 1933 (Central State Archive of Public Organizations of Ukraine - CSAPOU,, f. 1, d. 20, c. 6276, pp. 55-60). At the beginning of 1935, after the liquidation of the political departments of the MTS, he was appointed the head of the UNGO of the State Plan of the UkrSSR (the governing body of statistics), which falsified the current census of Ukraine, concealing the scale of the Genocide.

At the plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b)Ukr. on June 8, 1933, he reported on the successful experience of the MTS political departments, the consequences of the “cleansing” among MTS employees, complaining about the absence of communists in 122 collective farms and 11 MTSs in Dnipropetrovsk region, which were left without “the party's eye, without the party leadership with all the proper consequences” (CSAPOU, f. 1,d. 1, c. 282, p. 14). At the Plenum he was included into the membership of the Central Committee of the CP (b)Ukr.

On August 2, 1933, he reported at the meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b)Ukr. on the labour books of collective farmers, where the number of working days was recorded, but during the Holodomor bread was not given out.

On September 11, 1933 on the recommendation of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. he was included into the commission for the organization of resettlement of people in the steppe areas “at the expense of areas with a surplus population” (CSAPOU, f. 1, d. 6, c. 285, p. 27). The resettlement did not take place due to the lack of contingents for it in the UkrSSR. Instead, ressettlers from the RSFSR were brought to the deserted villages. On December 17, 1933 he signed a joint resolution of the People's Commissariat of the UkrSSR and the political sector of the MTS on the distribution of profits of collective farms under the categorical condition of a preliminary full implementation of the state planned tasks (Hanzha, 1971, p. 94).

In his speech at the XIIth Congress of the CP(b)Ukr. (held on January 18-23, 1934) he spoke about the “clutter” in MTS political departments with “counter-revolutionary elements”, about the expediency of “cleaning” the boards of collective farms and rural party centers (the XIIth Congress of the Communist Party of Ukraine, 1934, pp. 517-522). On July 22, 1934, he made a report at the meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b)Ukr. on the political situation in the countryside, for which he was responsible as Moscow emissary to the People's Land Commissariat.

Weger Yevhen Ilich. During the Holodomor-Genocide - the First Secretary of the Odesa Regional Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. (since January of 1933). In February of 1933 - July of 1937 - a member of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr, a candidate for membership in the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr.

Demchenko Mykola Nesterovych. An active participant in collectivization. In January of 1930 - January of 1932 - People's Commissar of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR, a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b)Ukr. (March of 1931 - January of 1937). During the Holodomor-Genocide, he was the first secretary of Kyiv Regional Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. (February of 1932 - June of 1934).

Zatonsky Volodymyr Petrovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide, he was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr (1933 - 1938), the People's Commissar of the RSI of the UkrSSR, the chairman of the CC of the CP(b)Ukr, the People's Commissar of Education of the UkrSSR (since February of 1933). Commissioner of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. in the regions and districts of the UkrSSR for grain procurement, a supporter of repressive methods. On January 5, 1932, he personally led the “dissolution” of the bureau of the Novomoskovsk district party committee of the CP(b)Ukr. (Dnipropetrovsk region) at the plenum of the district party committee for non-compliance with the Politburo of the CP(b)Ukr Central Committee in the case of grain procurement and the “election” of a new bureau.

In March of 1932, in the south of Ukraine, as an authorized politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b)Ukr., he was engaged in taking away grain from peasants for the sowing campaign in collective farms. Knowing that the collective farmers of Sartan district were not given bread for working days, he personally forbade them to receive rations, instead “he offered to take grain from the more prosperous Mangus district”. On October 30, 1932, he was engaged in the organization of grain procurement in the districts of Kyiv region, demanded the application of a fine to collective farmers and farmers-individuals in the amount of the market price of grain without exemption from the yard plan.

In November of 1932 he took an active part in the special operation of the GPU of the UkrSSR “to eliminate Petliur's nests and kurkul groups” in Kyiv region, and after a successful completion of the task to overcome the resistance of the Ukrainian peasantry in Kyiv region, he was “transferred” to Dnipropetrovsk region. (He organized a four-member commission headed by the first secretary of the CP(b)Ukr regional committee “for the day-to-day management of the use of judicial repression ... and the organization in this connection of mass party work both: by means of the press and directly in the collective farms, villages and districts”).

In January of 1933, in pursuance of a resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) of January 1, 1933, he conducted yard searches for grain in the pits and took away food in the villages of Odesa region. He proposed the “method of a concentrated offensive, or influence” - a combination of actions of all the commissioners (the party, the Soviet and GPU) to find the bread hidden by the peasants, as well as to use intimidation by repressions - “to break the resistance in 2 - 3 collective farms in the district and in this way - the process can take place easier further (to expand the breakthrough of the front)”.

On January 20, he demanded that the leaders of Voznesensky and Arbuzivsky districts shoot those who, for fear of being accused of “stealing” bread, preferred to throw it into a well or river and thus, avoid repression. He supervised personally the search for pits with bread in the villages of Pischanyi Brid and Tatarivka.

Liubchenko Panas Petrovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide - the Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b)Ukr (November 29, 1927 - June 14, 1934), the First Deputy Chairman of the People's Commissar of the Ukrainian SSR (February 25, 1933 - April 28, 1934). He was a public prosecutor at the SVU trial (April of 1930). The member of the orgbureau of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. (November of 1927 - August of 1937), the candidate for members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr (April of 1929 - April of 1934). At the beginning of the 1930s he became one of the active leaders of Moscow policy, played a leading role in implementing its policy of collectivization in Ukraine and confiscation of grain from the peasants, which led to the Holodomor-Genocide in 1932 - 1933 in Ukraine. In March of 1932 he was sent to the steppe regions of Ukraine as an authorized politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus to take away e grain from the peasants for the sowing campaign in collective farms. At the end of October of 1932 he was appointed responsible for the implementation of grain procurement in Vinnytsia region.

Mayorov Mykhailo Musiyovych (Biberman Meyer Moiseyovych). During the Holodomor- Genocide - People's Commissar of Supply of the UkrSSR (1930 - 1932), the First Secretary of the Odesa Regional Committee of the CP(b)Ukr (until January of 1933), the candidate member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr (1932 - 1933), the member of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee and the Central Election Commission of the USSR.

Markitan Pavlo Pylypovych. During the Holodomor, he was the first secretary of the organizing bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine in Chernihiv region (October of 1932 - January of 1934). Prior to that, he was the second secretary of Kyiv (January-July of 1932) and Odesa (July-October of 1932) regional committees of the CP(b)Ukr.

Petrovskyi Hryhoriy Ivanovych. One of the organizers of the VChK. During the Holodomor-Genocide, he was a chairman of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee (1919 - 1938), a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus (1920 - 1938). From October of 1932 - responsible for the implementation of grain procurement in Donetsk region. Undoubtedly supporting as a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr all the orders of the organizers of the Genocide of the Ukrainian nation, headed by J. Stalin, he was well aware of the disastrous consequences of their execution from letters, statements, complaints and other documents that came to him from all over Ukraine since the beginning of 1932. In particular, some of them: a letter from a worker-loader S. Torgal to H. Petrovsky about starvation in Odesa region. January 10, 1932 (CSAPOU, f. 1, d. 8, c. 117, p. 353); the report of K. Korenevy to the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee about the arbitrariness of local leaders during grain procurement in the village of Lidyne, Ulyanovsk district, nowadays Sumy region. January 14, 1932 (CSAPOU, f. 1, d. 8, c. 117, p. 184); the letter of a resident of Cherkaski Tyshky village of Lypetsk district, Kharkiv region, H. Veremiya to H. Petrovsky with a request to help remove the additional grain procurement plan. January 23, 1932 (CSAPOU, f. 1, d. 8, c. 109, p. 58); a complaint of H. Tuza, a sugar factory worker, concerning the destruction (rozkurkulennia) of his farm and the starvation of his family in Tetiiv district of 18 February 1932: “I have written to you several times...” (CSAPOU, f. 1, d. 8, c. 111, pp. 112-113).

He participated directly in the organization of the robbery of the Ukrainians: the decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. on March 6, 1932, like other members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr, was sent to the countryside to increase the rate of seed funds. He was sent to Donetsk region “to take all measures on the spot together with the regional committees” to ensure the implementation of the established final plan of grain procurement (CSAPOU, f. 1, inv. 6, c. 237, pp. 140-144).

On December 20, 1932, he signed the minutes of the meeting of the Presidium of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee on deprivation of the title of members of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee for non-fulfillment of grain procurement by the heads of district executive committees S. Khoreshko and M. Palamarchuk, later repressed (CSAPOU, f. 1, d. 8, c. 3, pp. 233-234).

Sarkisov Sarkis Artemovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide - the head of the All-Union office “Zagotzerno” at the USSR RNK in Moscow (February - September of 1932), the Secretary of Donetsk Regional Committee of the CP(b)Ukr for Bread Procurement (September of 1932 - September of 1933), the First Secretary of Donetsk Regional Committee of the CP(b)Ukr (September of 1933 - May of 1937), the member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr (1933 - 1937).

Skrypnyk Mykola Oleksiyovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide, he was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b)Ukr. (1925 - 1933). He was personally involved into the implementation of the Genocide of the Ukrainian people. Prior to that, as Prosecutor General of the UkrSSR, he led campaigns to harass the writer M. Khvylovy, People's Commissar for Education O. Shumsky for Ukrainization, accusing him of “national evasion”, as well as the economist M. Volobuyev, labeling him “Volobuyevshchyna”. From 1927 till February 28, 1933 - People's Commissar of Education of the UkrSSR, continued Ukrainization, including outside Ukraine, what angered J. Stalin.

On March 6, 1932, the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b) Ukr. sent him to the steppe regions of Ukraine to take away grain from peasants for the sowing campaign in collective farms. Being aware of the catastrophic state of supply of rural teachers, the starvation of students and teachers, he did not initiate the provision of assistance and reduction of the grain procurement plan from the harvest of 1932. From the end of October 1932, he organized grain procurement in Dnipropetrovsk region as the head of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b)Ukr. In January of 1933 he was engaged in the requisition of found bread in the villages of Vinnytsia and Kyiv regions.

Strohanov Vasyl Andriyovych. The Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr (July of 1930 - February of 1933), the second secretary of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr (from December 13, 1930 till October 12, 1932). During the Holodomor-Genocide, he was the first secretary of Dnipropetrovsk Regional Committee of the CP(b)Ukr (from October of 1932 till January of 1933). In March of 1932 he was sent to the southern regions of the UkrSSR to “strengthen the rate of seed fund”. On November 24, 1932, together with V. Molotov and V Chubar, he signed the telegramme to J. Stalin with a proposal to grant a special commission of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr the right to sentences with the highest penalty - death penalty. On December 14, 1932, he reported to Moscow on the readiness of Dnipropetrovsk region to fulfill the annual grain procurement plan by the end of January of 1933. He signed the letter of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr on the mandatory export of “existing collective farm funds, including seeds” at the expense of grain supplies. On January 12, 1932, he reported to the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b)Ukr. on the successful export of seeds and unsatisfactory work in the field of various grain procurement organizations.

Sukhomlyn Kyrylo Vasyl'ovych. The Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b)Ukr. (June of 1930 - July of 1937). During the Holodomor- Genocide - Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR (from February 5 till July of 1932), Chairman of the All-Ukrainian Council of the Trade Unions (from July 25, 1932 till February of 1933), Chairman of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr - People's Commissar of the RSI UkrSSR and at the same time - Deputy Chairman of the SNK UkrSSR (February 27 (28) of 1933 - 1934). At the end of October of 1932 he was appointed responsible for the procurement of grain in Vinnytsia region.

Terekhov Roman Yakovych. The Member of the Politburo and OrgBureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b)Ukr. (1930 - 1933). During the Holodomor- Genocide - the First Secretary of Kharkiv Regional Committee of the CP(b)Ukr (July of 1932 - January of 1933). In February - September of 1933 - the Second Secretary of Donetsk Regional Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. In the spring of 1932 he was a member of the commission (S. Kosior, S. Redens and R. Terekhov) for suppressing the resistance of the peasants. In the autumn of 1932 he personally went to the districts of the region to procure bread. He demanded the intensification of repressive measures, application of natural fines to individuals, deprivation of their homestead land, eviction from a house. He signed the decision of the regional committee bureau to resuscitate chaff and re-thresh straw, which reduced the chances of the region's peasants to survive.

Chuvyrin Mykhailo Yevdokymovych. The Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b)Ukr. (1929 - 1936). During the Holodomor-Genocide - the First Secretary of Donetsk Regional Committee of the CP(b)Ukr (from July 20 till September 19, 1932), Chairman of the Executive Committee of Donetsk Regional Council of Workers, Peasants and the Red Army Deputies (from September 19, 1932 till March of 1933). From May of 1933 till April of 1934, he was a chairman of Vinnytsia Regional Commission for the Purification of the Party. On December 28, 1932, he personally signed the resolution of Donetsk Regional Executive Committee on the blacklisting of three collective farms in Rubizhansky and Rykovsky districts and five state farms.

Yakir Yona Emmanuyilovych. The Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. (June of 1930 - May of 1937), a commander of the Ukrainian (November of 1925 - May of 1935), Kyiv (May of 1935 - May of 1937) military districts.

The Performers of the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians in the Ranks of Repressive and Punitive Bodies of the UkrSSR

Balytsky VsevolodApollonovych. As deputy chairman of the OGPU of the USSR, he was a special commissioner of the OGPU in Ukraine (since November 24, 1932), subordinating to him the entire apparatus of the GPU of the UkrSSR and the obligation to send a report to the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) every decade. Plenipotentiary Representative of the OGPU for the USSR and Chairman of the GPU of the UkrSSR (February 21, 1933 - July 10, 1934). Member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party(b)Ukr. (1930 - 1937).

The Resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) “On the Passport System and the Unloading of Cities from Unnecessary Elements” of November 15, 1932, which introduced the only passport system in the USSR, provided for the establishment of a commission headed by V. Balytsky, the Deputy Chairman of the OGPU, “to work out specific measures legislative, as well as of organizational and practical nature”, which would allow unloading cities from the “extra population”, first of all from “kulak, criminal and other anti-social elements, who hide in cities”.

On November 23, 1932, V. Balytsky sent J. Stalin draft resolutions of the CEC and SNC of the USSR “On the Introduction of a Single Passport System in the Cities of the USSR”, “On the System of Registration of the Population in the USSR”, “Instructions of the SNC of the USSR “On Registration of the Population, Regulation of Departure and Entry to the cities of Moscow, Leningrad, Kharkiv” (Popov, 1997, pp. 104, 105). These projects formed the basis of a joint resolution of the CEC and the SNC of the USSR of December 27, 1932 “On the Establishment of a Single Passport System for the USSR and the Mandatory Registration of Passports”. Peasants were excluded from the category of USSR citizens, who were issued passports. Thus, the control over internal migration was established, and the vast majority of USSR citizens were deprived of their right to freedom of movement.

As a special commissioner of the OGPU in Ukraine, he found unsatisfactory the course of the special operation of the GPU of the UkrSSR, carried out in pursuance of the resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CP b)Ukr. “On the Elimination of Counterrevolutionary Nests and the Defeat of Kulak Groups”. According to the report of the GPU of the UkrSSR of November 27, 1932, during the first 5 days of the special operation, 1 843 people were arrested, including those, who resisted the bread export (Borysenko, 2008, p. 345).

He issued:

Operational Order №1 on the GPU of the UkrSSR of December 5, 1932, which stated that the reason for non-compliance with the control figures of the grain procurement plan is “the unconditional existence in Ukraine of an organized counter-revolutionary insurgent underground connected with foreign countries and foreign intelligence, mainly the Polish General Staff”. He set “the main task - the immediate breakthrough, exposure and defeat of the counter-revolutionary insurgent underground and a decisive blow to all kulak-Petliurist elements, who oppose and disrupt actively the main measures of the Soviet power and the party in the villages” (State Archives of Kharkiv Region, f. 6452, d. 4, c. 1987-1990). With this aim, the Strike Task Group was established, owing to which there was “exposed” the underground in 200 districts of Ukraine.

- Operational Order №2 on the GPU of the UkrSSR of February 13, 1933 on the next tasks of intelligence and operational work of the GPU of the UkrSSR, issued by V Balytsky, identified the main task for the near future mobilization of the district apparatus of the GPU to ensure spring sowing: detection by the agency of grain hidden in pits, “black barns”, waste and other hiding places, and its delivery to the state seed fund; ensuring its preservation; identification and arrest of all organizers of sabotage, members of counterrevolutionary insurgent organizations and active peasants-individuals; a decisive struggle against the initiators, organizers of mass departures from villages, etc. (Borysenko, 2008, pp. 513-514).

By a decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) of March 10, 1933, the three judges of the GPU of the UkrSSR, among whom there was V Balytsky, were granted the right to consider cases of insurgency and “counter-revolution” in Ukraine. One of the first there was the case of 74 peasants of Kharkiv region, who, fleeing from starvation, fled to a new building in Kuryazh (Kharkiv suburban area). On April 3 - 4, 1933, the three, headed by V. Balytsky, imprisoned 27 people in concentration camps for three to ten years, and at the second meeting on April 29, 1933, there were considered the materials of another 46 people, 19 of whom were sentenced to death penalty. The sentence was carried out on May 22, 1933. During 1933, according to the decision of the “three” at the Board of the GPU of the USSR, 805 people were shot, including 615 people according to the territorial bodies of the GPU, 52 people - transport bodies, 138 people - police bodies (Borysenko, 2008, p. 538).

V. Balytsky was directly involved into concealing the truth about the Holodomor- Genocide in Ukraine. With his participation, the resolution of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr. of March 13, 1933 was adopted, which, in particular, provided: “Instruct Comrade Balytsky to take measures to block information spread abroad about the famine in the village of Staroshvedske” (CSAPOU, f. 1, d. 16, c. 9, p. 190).

On March 22, 1933, he reported: “I suggested that the heads of regional departments on these issues (“food complications”) should inform only the first secretaries of regional committees and orally only, after a careful verification of the information transmitted, so that our notes do not “wander”, in turn, do not become the source of various rumors. I suggested also not making special reports for the GPU of Ukraine on these issues, but to inform only me by personal letters...” (Berelovich, 2005, pp. 351-352).

Here are a few more names of employees of the repressive and punitive bodies of the Ukrainian SSR, who took a direct part in the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians.

Karlson KarlMartynovych (EduardIvanovych). Deputy Chairman of the GPU of the UkrSSR (May of 1924 - May of 1934). As a member of the commission “for the development of measures for the kulaks” chaired by V. Molotov, he participated in the development of a secret resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) “On Measures to Eliminate Kulak Farms in Areas of Continuous Collectivization” from January 30, 1930. The member of the three (V Balytsky, K. Carlson, I. Leplevsky), who by a resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) of March 20, 1933 was given the right to consider cases of insurrection and counterrevolution in Ukraine with the application of capital punishment.

Leplevskyy Izrayil' Moyseyovych. During the Holodomor Genocide - Deputy Chairman of the GPU of the USSR (from February 20, 1933 - January 5, 1934). Member of the three (V. Balytsky, K. Carlson, I. Leplevsky), who by the resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) of March 20, 1933 was given the right to consider cases of insurrection and counter-revolution in Ukraine with the application of capital punishment.

Bron Mykhaylo Isakovych. Prosecutor of Kharkiv region in February 1932 - October of 1937. Member of the bureau of Kharkiv regional committee of the CP(b) Ukr.

Hrossman Myron Borysovych. Member of the Central Control Commission of the CPSU(b) (from July 13, 1930 to January 26, 1934). During the Holodomor, he was sent to Ukraine to the head of Donetsk regional department of the GPU (from October 7, 1932 till March 3, 1933).

Dvynyanynov Vasyl' Andriyovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide - the head of Chernihiv regional department of the GPU (from September 1932 till August 17, 1933). He was awarded the badge “Honorary Worker of the Cheka - GPU” and weapons from the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee (December of 1932).

Zheleznohorskyy (Ayzenberh) Hryhoriy Abramovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide, he was the prosecutor in special cases of the GPU in the Prosecutor's Office of the USSR (1932 - May of 1934).

Ivanov Vasyl Tymofiyovych. During the Holodomor - Head of Donetsk Regional Department of the GPU / NKVD (from March 3, 1933 till July 10, 1934) Awarded the badge “Honorary Worker of the Cheka - GPU” (December of 1932).

Katznelson Zinovy Borisovich (Simel Borukhovych). During the Holodomor-Genocide - the head of Kharkiv regional department of the GPU of the USSR (from March 3, 1933 till January 10, 1934). He organized and supervised the conduct of yard searches with taking away all food from peasant families, the eviction of Ukrainian owners outside Ukraine.

Kyseliov Arkadiy Leontiyovych (Kesler Aron Lazarovych). Narkom of Justice and Prosecutor General of the UkrSSR from December 17, 1935 till September 5, 1936. Before that - Secretary of the Central Committee of the CP(b)Ukr., People's Commissar for Supply.

Krayniy Lev Oleksandrovych (Karpylovskyy Leyb Ayzykovych). Senior Assistant Attorney General and Head of Special Affairs. He was involved into political repression during the Holodomor.

Krauklis Yan Krishyanovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide - head of Dnepropetrovsk regional department of the GPU of the UkrSSR (July 27, 1932 - August 17, 1933), the head of Chernihiv regional department of the GPU of the UkrSSR (from August 17, 1933 till January 10, 1934). He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour (December of 1932).

Kumpykevych Volodymyr Oleksandrovych. Prosecutor of Dnipropetrovsk region in February 1932 - January of 1934.

Leoniuk Khoma Akymovych. Deputy Chairman of the GPU of the UkrSSR (from September 18, 1932 till March 22, 1933), the head of the Odessa regional department of the GPU of the UkrSSR (March 22, 1933 - July 10, 1934).

Mazo Solomon Samiylovych. He directed operations for dekulakization and deportation of peasants of Ukraine. During the Holodomor-Genocide, he was the head of the economic department of the GPU of the UkrSSR and a member of the board of the GPU of the UkrSSR. Under his leadership, the Ukrainian intelligentsia in agriculture was destroyed in falsified cases against agronomists, zootechnicians, veterinarians, and the others. He organized the struggle against the resistance of Ukrainians to collectivization, grain procurement, dekulakization, etc. He was awarded the badge “Honorary Worker of the Cheka - GPU” in 1933.

Minitskyy Yuzef Yanovych. Not earlier than March and until November of 1933 - Deputy Prosecutor of Chernihiv region.

Mironov Serhiy Naumovych (KingMyron Yosyfovych). During the Holodomor-Genocide - from September 28, 1933 till July 10, 1934, head of Dnipropetrovsk regional department of the GPU.

Mykhaylyk Mykhaylo Vasyliovych - Narkom of Justice and the Prosecutor General of the UkrSSR from June 14, 1933 till December 17, 1935.

Muliavko Prokopiy Semenovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide - the head of Kharkiv regional department of the GPU (from February 27, 1932 till November 3, 1932). Kharkiv regional department of the GPU of the UkrSSR held the first place in the number of convicts in the case of grain procurement. In August-November, 4 873 people were convicted in these cases.

Pertsov Yuriy Moyseyovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide, from February 27, 1932 till January of 1933,the head of Odesa regional department of the GPU of the UkrSSR.

Poliakov Vasyl Vasyliovych - Prosecutor General of the UkrSSR from September of 1930 till June of 1933.

Redens Stanislav Frantsovych -Chairman of the GPU of the UkrSSR, Authorized Representative of the OGPU for the USSR (July 25, 1931 - February 20, 1933). A member of the three consisting of S. Kosior, S. Redens, and A. Kiseliov, established by a resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) of November 22, 1932, with the right to impose death sentences in cases of repression during grain procurement.

Rozanov Oleksandr Borysovych (RozenbratAbram Borysovych). During the Holodomor- Genocide - the head of Kyiv regional department of the GPU / NKVD of the UkrSSR (from February 27, 1932 till July 10, 1934).

Rud Petro Havrylovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide - the head of Dnipropetrovsk regional department of the GPU (August 17, 1933 - September of 1933).

Smoliansky Volodymyr Ivanovych. Prosecutor of Kyiv region. In 1934 he was removed from office by a resolution of the bureau of the regional committee of the CP(b)Ukr.

Sokolynskyi Davyd Moiseyovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide - the head of Vinnytsia regional department of the GPU / NKVD of the UkrSSR (from November 19, 1932 till July 10, 1934).

Tymofieyev Mykhailo Mykhailovych. During the Holodomor-Genocide - the head of Donetsk regional department (from July 1, 1932 till October 7, 1932) and Kharkiv regional department of the GPU of the USSR (from November 3, 1932 till March of 1933).

It is clear that this is by no means a complete list of names of perpetrators of the Genocide as the crime against the Ukrainians, which needs a further analysis, involvement of new materials, clarification and integration into the issues of domestic famine studies.

The Conclusions

To sum up, it should be noted that the compilation of the list of perpetrators of the Holodomor-Genocide of the Ukrainians in 1932 - 1933, is an important and promising area of the research, because it is about the institution of commissioners, which appeared as a result of a deliberate criminal intention on the part of the top party leadership of the USSR to subdue the Ukrainians by a forcible starvation. Every crime has the subject or subjects of its commission, and if they are not exposed and convicted during their life time or after death, then those, who committed the crime will be unpunished. In the case of the crime of the Holodomor- Genocide of the Ukrainians, it is a collective subject of the crime - from the organizers among the top Soviet party apparatus to the perpetrators at a local area. It is the institution of commissioners and performers-perpetrators during the Genocide of the Ukrainians, which included the party-state nomenclature and representatives of the repressive and punitive bodies of the USSR, should be the subject of a comprehensive research with a view to compiling and publishing as complete and authentic list as possible of all performers-perpetrators. The young generation of the Ukrainians must know the executioners, who during the tragic years of 1932 - 1933 contributed to the extermination of their grandfathers and great-grandfathers.

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