Trepanation in the Sarmatians of the Lower Volga region (Revisiting its Causes and Origins)
Assessment of the level of development of medical knowledge of ancient societies. Knowledge of the traditions and customs of the Sarmatians of the Lower Volga region, analysis of the spread of trepanation and deformation of the head in the Sarmatians.
| Рубрика | История и исторические личности |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 05.10.2021 |
| Размер файла | 535,7 K |
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Abstract
Trepanation in the Sarmatians of the Lower Volga region (revisiting its causes and origins)
E. V. Pererva
Skull trepanation of the is one of the most frequently performed operations on human skull by modern and ancient surgeons. Trepanation is often associated in the scientific literature with such widespread manipulations in ancient peoples' bodies as deliberate head or extremities deformation, scalping, artificial scarification, decapitation and truncation of limbs, etc. Nowadays, it is known that trepanation is therapeutic or ritual manipulation done in vivo or posthumous. Also skull trepanation is performed by various techniques. The definition of all these criteria allows anthropologists to evaluate the nature of the development of medical knowledge of ancient societies, to determine the degree of technical sophistication of ancient doctors, to understand the traditions and customs of peoples who lived on earth in the distant past.
The paper is an attempt to summarize and consider cases of craniotomy on craniological materials dating back to the Sarmatian era. Evaluation of the described fixed manipulations from the point of view of the technique of carrying out the operations and the reasons for their conduct is also given in the study. An attempt was made to find the sources of the spread of the tradition of skull trepanation in the nomadic peoples of the Early Iron Age who inhabited the Lower Volga region.
Keywords: Trepanation, sarmatians, ancient societies, skull, Early Iron Age, the Lower Volga region.
Анотація
Трепанація у сарматів Нижнього Поволжя (до роздумів про пошук причин і витоків традиції)
Є.В. Перерва
Трепанація черепа -- одна з найбільш частих операцій, що проводяться на черепній коробці людини сучасними і давніми хірургами. У науковій літературі антропологами приділяється велика увага трепанації, поряд з такими поширеними у давніх народів маніпуляціями з тілом людини, як навмисна деформація голови або кінцівок, скальпування, штучне шрамирування, декапітация і усічення кінцівок тощо. Сьогодні відомо, що трепанації бувають терапевтичними або ритуальними, прижиттєвими і посмертними. Також трепанації голови поділяються за технікою їх проведення. Визначення всіх цих критеріїв дозволяє антропологам оцінити характер розвитку медичних знань стародавніх суспільств, визначити ступінь технічного озброєння давніх медиків, зрозуміти традиції і звичаї народів, що жили на землі в далекому минулому.
Пропонована робота є спробою підсумувати і розглянути випадки трепанації черепа на краниологічних матеріалах сарматської доби. Дається оцінка описаних зафіксованих маніпуляцій з точки зору техніки здійснення операцій і причини їх проведення. Зроблено спробу пошуку витоків поширення традиції трепанації черепа у кочових народів епохи раннього залізного віку, які жили на території Нижнього Поволжя.
Ключові слова. Трепанація, сармати, давні суспільства, черепи, ранній залізний вік, Нижнє Поволжя.
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презентация [10,2 M], добавлен 02.02.2011History is Philosophy teaching by examples. Renaissance, French Revolution and the First World War are important events in the development of the world history. French Revolution is freedom of speech. The First World War is show of the chemical weapons.
реферат [21,6 K], добавлен 14.12.2011Imperialism has helped countries to build better technology, increase trade, and has helped to build powerful militaries. During 19th century America played an important role in the development of military technologies. Militarism led to the World War I.
контрольная работа [20,2 K], добавлен 26.01.2012The medical knowledge from Egypt. Hospital as a very important development in Middle Ages. The beginning of studying of anatomy on corpses. The beginning of new theories of disease. Great discoveries of analgetics, diagnostics development in medicine.
доклад [14,5 K], добавлен 27.12.2011A long history of French culture. Learning about cultural traditions of each region of France is a richly rewarding endeavour and just pure fun. Customs and traditions in France. French wedding and christmas traditions. Eating and drinking in France.
реферат [51,5 K], добавлен 11.02.2011
