New exploration of urban cultural and commercial districts based on historical background: a case study of Sino-ocean Taikoo Li Chengdu

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New exploration of urban cultural and commercial districts based on historical background: a case study of Sino-ocean Taikoo Li Chengdu

Li Ling, Ryabkova E. B.

JUJL Changchun China; PNU, Khabarovsk, Russia

Abstract

Urban cultural and commercial districts are a combination of modem commerce and urban history and culture, reflecting the rise and decline of the region. However, with the continuous development of the city, the historical atmosphere and traditional cultural environment of urban cultural and commercial districts have been damaged to varying degrees. Therefore, the problem was how to make full use of the rich historical and cultural resources and traditional commercial advantages of the place to restore the vitality of the city. This issue is considered in the article. As an example, the Daci Temple was selected, its transformation into a new model of commercial block. This article analyzes its historical background and design features, discusses design challenges, and proposes sustainable development strategies for the development of urban cultural and commercial blocks.

Keywords:urban cultural and commercial districts; historical area transformation; sustainable development; Sino-Ocean Taikoo Li Chengdu; Daci Temple.

НОВОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ГОРОДСКИХ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ И КОМЕРЧЕСКИХ РАЙОНОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО ПРОШЛОГО: ТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЧЭНДУ ОУШЕН

ТАЙКУ ЛИ transformation historical territory city

Ли Лин, Рябкова E. Б.

ЦУС Чанчунь, Китай; ТОГУ, Хабаровск, Россия

Абстракт. Городские культурные и коммерческие районы представляют собой сочетание современной торговли и городской истории и культуры, отражающие взлеты и падения региона. Однако в результате постоянного развития города историческая атмосфера и традиционная культурная среда городских культурных и коммерческих районов города были в разной степени деформированы. Поэтому был поставлен вопрос как в полной мере продолжать использовать богатые исторические и культурные ресурсы и традиционные коммерческие преимущества района и восстановить жизнеспособность города. Этот вопрос рассмотрен в статье. В качестве примера выбран храм Дачи, его преобразование в новую модель использования. В этой статье анализируются его историческое прошлое и особенности проектирования, обсуждаются трудности проектирования и предлагаются стратегии устойчивого развития для преобразования городских культурных и коммерческих блоков.

Ключевые слова: городской культурный и торговый район, трансформация исторической территории, устойчивое развитие, океан Тайкоо, храм Дачи

A city is like a flower, a grass, or an animal. It should be unified, harmonious, and complete at every stage of growth. And the result of development should never undermine unity, but make it more perfect; it should not undermine harmony, but make it more coordinated; early structural integrity should be integrated into a more complete structure built in the future [1].

Jacobs mentioned in "Death and Life of Big American Cities": "Streets and their sidewalks, the main public areas of a city, are the most important organs of a city." The urban cultural commercial street records the trajectory of the city's historical and cultural development, and is a unique and non-renewable resource for the city. In the process of building a national central city, Chengdu city attaches great importance to the construction of historical and cultural blocks, and has taken "unified planning, classified management, effective protection, and reasonable utilization" as the basic principle, and has achieved significant results in the protection and use of historical and cultural blocks [2]. In recent years, The Daci Temple neighborhood restored its former prosperity and vitality after the renewal and construction, which not only played the role of historical and cultural heritage and city business cards, but also promoted the upgrading of the city's industry, providing a better reference value for the sustainable development of urban cultural and commercial districts.

1. UrbanCulturalandCommercialDistrict

With the continuous development of the economy and the emergence of cultural industries, cultural and commercial district have gradually emerged. A number of urban cultural and commercial blocks have emerged nationwide, such as Beijing Wangfujing, Sanlitun, Nanjing 1912, Shanghai Xintiandi, etc., each of these blocks has its own historical characteristics, because of its unique regional culture, living atmosphere, and business environment occupy a seat in major cities.

1.1 Concept of City Cultural and Commercial District

Commercial district, is in the urban land category, where service performance and commercial performance can occupy key positions [3]. City cultural and commercial streets refer to those with certain historical and cultural heritage and traditional characteristics. The area is infused with the elements of "culture, leisure, creativity", and designed as a leisure and entertainment place with "intemationality, cultural, and fashionable". It is an organic combination of modern western malls and traditional Chinese shops.

1.2 Formation and Development of Urban Cultural and Commercial Districts

The development of urban cultural and commercial blocks has evolved with the continuous development of human social and commercial activities. After the abolition of the "lifang system" in the Song Dynasty, China's urban streets have become commercial streets, becoming the main place for urban activities. In recent years, commercial development has been accelerating. The country is enthusiastic about the commercial development of historical and cultural blocks and some ancient cultural towns. Commercial development of historical and cultural blocks has an important role in the development of the regional economy. It is not only a simple regional planning and design or commercial transformation and innovation problem, but the protection and inheritance of urban characteristic culture.The development of urban cultural and commercial blocks has begun to change from the traditional model to the modem model [4].

2. HistoryBackground

2.1 HistoricalSignificance

In the book History and Truth, Paul Ricoeur states that only when a living culture is loyal to its origins at the same time and is ready to embrace creativity at the artistic, literary, philosophical and spiritual levels The contact of other cultures is not only capable of supporting but can also give meaning to this contact. Therefore, the cultural and historical place is essentially a place of dialogue, where people gather in a shared space to talk and form face to face as equal participants "Public life". Surrounding Daci Temple, the historical mission of the project is to realize the transformation from cultural and historical areas and heritage sites to a variety of cultural activity venues; cultural and historical elements are used as catalysts for development, and refleeted the significance and function of serving the social.

2.2 History of Daci Temple

Daci Temple is a famous Chinese temple with a long history, large scale and rich cultural accumulation. Daci Temple was founded during the Wei and Jin dynasties and developed during the Tang Dynasty. It has a history of more than 1,600 years. The following year after the Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty, When Tang Xuanzong fled to Chengdu to avoid chaos, he expanded the Daci Temple with a magnificent scale. It was the largest Buddhist temple in the country at that time. Daci Temple nearby commercial prosperity, since ancient times has been a blend of religious culture and secular activities. After the Tang Dynasty, Daci Temple was destroyed and destroyed many times by fire and then rebuilt.

In the past two decades, the urban structure and appearance of Chengdu have undergone tremendous changes. During the process of urban modernization and commercial development, the historical blocks formed on the periphery of Daci Temple were subverted (pic. 1). The government explored and constructed the historical buildings under the consideration of Daci Temple and urban development.The surrounding area has formed a mature business circle and modem form [5].

Pic. 1. Aerial view of Daci Temple and Pic. 2. Low density open block in TaikooLi surrounding area

3. Sino-Ocean Taikoo Li Chengdu

3.1 Brief introduction

Sino-Ocean Taikoo Li Chengdu is a new landmark in the center of Chengdu, adjacent to Daci Temple and bordering Chunxi Road business district. It is an open-end, low-density urban shopping mall positioned as a high-end. (Figure 2) The project has rich historical and cultural values and high-end Consumption positioning and multi-functional consumption methods that integrate business, office, entertainment, socializing, etc. The project takes Daci Temple as the core, integrates cultural heritage, creative and stylish urban life, and reflects the rich cultural and historical connotations. A series of spaces and activities such as streets, gardens, shops, tea houses, etc. have established a diversified and sustainable urban cultural and commercial district, which has provided new possibilities for urban renewal in China.

3.2 DesignFeatures

3.2.1 Open Low-density Cultural Commercial District

Around Daci Temple, preserved buildings and ancient streets, Sino-Ocean Tai- koo Li has built about 30 two- or three-story independent or row new buildings. The height of all new buildings in the block does not exceed the highest height of Daci Temple, and the floor area exceeds 100,000 square meters. Unlike the high-rise buildings and indoor shopping malls in Chunxi Road's commercial district, this project uses a transparent single building design to display high-end brands on the street, giving consumers a genuine "shopping" psychological feeling. The low-density, open-culture commercial district is full of intimate lanes and unrestricted outdoor spaces.

3.2.2 Creating a sense of public space and place

The design concept is to try to innovate the typical large-scale, isolated, closed, lack of permeability and openness development models in Asian cities, and to give space miscibility, permeability, openness, publicity, diversity, cultural and ecological [6]. Charles Landry wrote in "The Creative City: A Toolkit for Urban Innovators", "The relationship, interaction and communication between people is an important element of urban development, and streets are platforms to promote these interactions. When we want to design a humanized urban space, we need more people-oriented streets".

In terms of form, the short, narrow, and dense street space of Sino-Ocean Tai- koo Li, outside and inside, follows the original urban concept in history and presents the sense of place that architectural communities should have. As far as public space is concerned, " The "permeable" block creates a visual connection and continuity, which helps people to identify and experience the city. Turning some private spaces in the community into public spaces is completely different from the traditional privatization of public spaces.

3.2.3 Western Sichuan-style architectural design of the aggregate village

The building of Sino-Ocean Taikoo Li Chengdu is designed as the background

of public space. The wide and narrow streets and lanes are dominated by two floors and three partial floors. The modem architecture combines traditional sloped roofs and deep eaves. Its main feature is that it is not simply antique in design. The external fa?ade adopts the traditional Western sichuan-style green tile slope roof and grille, and is also equipped with a large-scale floor-to-ceiling glass curtain wall, creating a traditional and modem style.

3.2.4 CulturalandCreativeCommercialDistrict

With the development of the times, the traditional single shopping and retail model is being challenged by increasingly perfect online sales. Our key challenge is to reshape the more "urban experience" of urban life. Sino-Ocean Taikoo Li has positioned itself through a unique market and higher-quality operations, providing visitors with a new urban experience from culture, commercial brands, catering, transportation, and architecture. More than 300 globally-known clothing and catering brands have settled in, 21 unique artworks on display.

3.2.5 Conservation and Renewal of Cultural Assets

The design of Sino-Ocean Taikoo Li inherits the history and culture, preserves and protects the historical streets such as Dongxiranshi Street, Monk Street, Pen Street, Majia Lane, Yucheng Street, and Zhanghuali. It also surrounds Daci Temple to preserve and renew its culture.lt will fully awaken people's memories and lead the public to rediscover neglected communities. Most importantly, the sense of place created by the surrounding cultural history will bring people back to this area.

3.3 DesignChallengesandCountermeasures

3.3.1 The Times are Changing, the Atmosphere of the Streets is Unchanged

How to transform Daci Temple and its surrounding market? As the most commercial center of Chengdu, Daci Temple has been the playground of emperors and ordinary people since ancient times (pic. 3). In the overlap of old and new, consider the construction of Taikoo Li in Chengdu. From the perspective of urban renewal and the creation of public space. The density of streets, spatial scale, building volume and building density are carefully designed, such as the perfect 1: 1 relationship between roads and buildings, provides people with a comfortable street view and a unique urban experience. This design concept is specifically embodied in the public space, historical culture and park environment into an atmosphere of streets and streets, which can also bring business and economically active opportunities to create a sustainable city (pic. 4).

Pic. 3. The original gate of Daci Pic. 4. Taikoo Li building now complex surrounding Daci Temple

3.3.2 CharacteristicPublicSpaceDesign

How to perfectly integrate street and lane life with public space? Especially in the Daci Temple area of the city center, the reconstruction of space and value is the fundamental concept of design. So the design team made Taikoo Li more inclusive, rather than self-styled. The commercial atmosphere of Sino-Ocean Taikoo Li is based on "Design for Public Spaces and Neighborhoods". Its approach is to explore several basic fusions-the tight integration of space strategies and environmental qualities;the combination of life experience aesthetics and business; fostering the combination of public participation and the creative community. Macroscopically, Taikoo Li divides itself into different areas, and the streets and lanes are mainly connected by roads and corridors.

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They can form different landscapes from different angles. The connection and continuation method is also used visually, and people can enjoy continuous and beautiful landscape enjoyment (pic. 5).

3.3.3 BuildingsUnderConstruction

Pic. 7. Gableinterpretation

How to make the building have the characteristics of western Sichuan? The design uses gray tiles as the roof, the roof slope adopts 27 °, which is "four-point water", and the dark gray color is the main color (pic. 6). The material and texture are very simple, such as gray terracotta bricks, wood, gray tiles, stone, etc., in sharp contrast with the surrounding high-rise buildings. The gable part of the building responds to the local architectural intentions in Sichuan abstractly through the combination of grilles (pic. 7). At the same time, the volume of the building gradually extended to the outdoor space, such as rain cover, seats, water bodies, trees, street lights, signs, artwork, walking trails, and temporary activity deployment points.

3.3.4 Inheritance and Exchange of Architectural Culture

How to make Taikoo Li feel the breath of history and culture everywhere? After the baptism of the Asian cultural conservation movement around China, especially in the era where the old and the new meet, facing the issue of conservation of historical and cultural heritage, the first thing is to establish "Cultural Heritage" concept, not just the material itself of the old building, it is protected and protected. Taikoo Li adheres to the architectural design concept of "interpreting tradition with modem interpretation" and injects Chengdu culture into the architectural community. Six historical buildings were retained, (pic. 8) and historical elements of the building were applied to the new building. The contrast between the old and the new buildings recreated the style of the city well in the center of Chengdu (pic. 9). The key to the strategy lies in the following aspects: becoming landmarks and bonds in the overall plan; The difference between old and new, integrating stories and giving interpretation; giving live content instead of empty conservation; the most important thing is to plan cultural heritage corridors and give education the meaning of urban design.

Pic. 8. Block plan Pic. 9. Blending of old and new buildings in Dad Temple

Conclusion

"Many urban cultural and commercial districts have become a city's image business card because the regional culture it represents reflects the city's most brilliant history, core characteristics, and strongest charm, and represents the city's cultural theme." With its rich cultural connotations, Sino-Ocean Taikoo Li Chengdu has created a creative and stylish urban life, a unique Western Sichuan-style building complex, and high-end global well-known brands, which have brought new vitality to the city. Designer abandoned the large-scale construction and ideas of commercial complexes, and perfectly integrated the mining and inheritance of high-end commercial and historical backgrounds, providing a good design idea for later commercial complex designers [7]. It has opened up new models and roads for the development of urban cultural and commercial districts, and also provided new solutions for the sustainable use of urban space, which has implications for the sustainable development of the city.

Bibliographic references to sources:

1. Ebenezer Howard. Tomorrow's Rural Cities [m], Beijing: Commercial Press Press,2010.

2. Wan Tao.Thinking about the sustainable development of urban historical and cultural blocks Taking Daci Temple block in Chengdu as an example [a] Chengdu Development, 2017.06.

3. Zhang Ziyao, Thinking about the Design of Historical Commercial Districts in Urban Renewal [a], Jushe, 2018.04.

4. Dong Xuanxuan Yin HaipingDiao Pei XinShiyun, Research on Sustainable Development of Traditional Cultural and Commercial Districts [D], Cooperative Economy and Science and Technology, No.4s 2019.

5. Yue Haiyang, Feng Qian, Symbiosis of Historic Building Protection and Commercial Development Based on the Analysis of Chengdu Daci Temple Block and Taikoo Li[J], Sichuan Building Materials, Vol.43, No,l 1.

6. Dou Yun, an experiment on commercial blocks and urban cultural life [J], THE CULTURE OF TOUR, 2019.04, No.427.

7. Chen Lei. Accidents and Inevitability of Chengdu Ocean Pacific's Success [j]. China Real Estate, 2016 (20).

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