Russian aviation industry and First World War challenges
Coverage of the development of the aviation industry of the Russian Empire during the First World War. The article focuses on the analysis of production programs and the compliance of their quantitative parameters with the requirements of the war.
| Рубрика | История и исторические личности |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 24.04.2023 |
| Размер файла | 34,6 K |
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Being unable to provide the necessary quantity of planes led to great lack of planes in the front units. As to August, 2 1917 Corps Aviation squadrons' strength was only 42% (they lack 202 planes), Artillery Aviation squadrons' strength was 74%, Fighter Aviation squadrons' strength was 85%; and only Army Aviation squadrons almost met the plane requirements (Duz, 1989, pp. 195-196).
Conclusions
Chronic lack of planes in Russian aviation was even greater from perspective of their low combat capabilities. Biplanes Farman and Voisin were main planes in army aviation in 1917. Their speed slightly exceeded 100 km/h and it was not enough. Moreover, these planes had pushing propeller that made them too sensitive for enemy attacks from the back. But utilization of Farman and Voisin planes continued and industry continued to receive orders for these planes. Other scout planes such as Lebed XII and Anade did not meet time requirement in summer 1917 despite their more modern design (construction). Bomber "Illia Muromets" considered to be the most popular plane of Russian design, underwent only small improvements during the war period which could not enhance its parameters. In 1917 flight capabilities of "Illia Muromets" were too low. Only at the end of 1917 one started licensed production of modern French biplanes SPAD VII.
To sum up, Russian aviation industry appeared to be unable to supply military planes of efficient quality and in required amount during the war. Most of the planes duplicated foreign samples. Even those projects which had been mentioned earlier were based on foreign projects (Lebed XII and Anade/Anasal adapted German constructions and aircrafts D. Hryhorovych's based on French models). Such duplication l ed to the situation when Russian aviation was sad been applied by old-fashioned planes. Almost one year passed in-between the appearance of a new plane in France till it was produced in Russia. In IWW conditions this plane became old-fashioned very soon. As a result,
Russian military aviation could not compete with German and Austro-Hungarian aviation. Russian opponent in eastern front retained few planes which were old- fashioned. But most of modern materials were concentrated in western and Italian fronts.
References
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