Peculiarities of the formation of innovative infrastructure in the territories of azerbaijan limited from the occupation

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Baku Eurasian University

Peculiarities of the formation of innovative infrastructure in the territories of azerbaijan limited from the occupation

Rashad Novruzov

Doctor of Philosophy Student, Department of Economics and Management

Новрузов Р.Є.

доктор філософії кафедри економіки та менеджменту Бакинський євразійський університет

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ІННОВАЦІЙНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ НА ОБМЕЖЕНИХ ВІД ОКУПАЦІЇ ТЕРИТОРІЯХ АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНУ

Як сукупність організаційних дій та управлінських підходів країни, для розкриття сутності структурної стратегії регіонів та досягнення довгострокових стратегічних цілей необхідний системний підхід. Такий підхід проявляється як результат активної та цілеспрямованої діяльності держави з урахуванням її впливу як на національні, так і на міжнародні відносини. З одного боку, підготовка від однієї економічної системи до іншої, перехід без урахування специфіки регіонів, з іншого - поворот світової економічної кризи, яка негативно впливає на інноваційну систему та інвестиційну активність країни. регіонів, а також організація та структура економіки регіонів без урахування чинника світових тенденцій розвитку, напруженості гострих економічних проблем тощо загострили актуальну проблему сталого розвитку регіонів та зробили її вирішення більш актуальним і необхідно. Регіонально-структурна стратегія країни має відповідати низці вимог взаємодії сучасної світової господарської системи та національної економіки.

Ключові слова: інфраструктура, управління, інновації, сучасність, розвиток, інвестиції.

Objective. As a set of organizational actions and management approaches of the country, a systematic approach is needed to reveal the essence of the structural strategy of the regions and to achieve the long-term strategic goals. Methods. This approach manifests itself as the result of the active and purposeful activity of the state, taking into account its impact on both national and international relations. Results. On the one hand, preparation from one economic system to another, transition without taking into account the specifics of the regions, on the other hand, the twist of the world economic crisis, which has a negative impact on the innovation system and investment activity of the regions, as well as the organization and structure of the economy of the regions without taking into account the factor of world development trends, acute economic problems tension etc. aggravated the current problem of sustainable development of the regions and made its solution more urgent and necessary. The country's regional-structural strategy must meet a number of requirements of the interaction of the modern world economic system and the national economy. First of all, it should express the interests of the country and the global world economy and be flexible enough to react to the changes and trends, take into account all the new scientific and technical achievements in the world and have a long-term character. Scientific novelty. A general theoretical approach to the study of modern economic relations allows to create a complete picture of the main processes and trends occurring in the socio-economic sphere. Building infrastructure and telecommunications is the first path to economic development in any region. The innovative restoration of the destroyed infrastructure in the liberated territories will create a foundation for the organization of a modern management system. Practical significance. The uncertainties that exist during the introduction of innovation are placed under investments in this sector. In the field of management of this study, the state in performing its functions cannot be stopped by technology, which is the most important advantage of globalization.

Keywords: infrastructure, management, innovation, modern, development, investment.

Problem statement. Economic policy - in essence, is a set of measures that have a purposeful effect on the economy based on the division of labor (with state institutions, legal normative rules defined by legislation and other action tools). State institutions are organizations created by legislation or normative acts, which include the implementation of certain tasks. Their main mission is to limit the behavior of subjects of economic activity and ensure the stability of the economy. In other words, on the basis of specialization and competition, it is to ensure the creation of conditions for the effective interaction of economic activity subjects and their planned regulation. Their influence on the economy is carried out through actions and also through influence on economic processes [3].

Innovation is understood as a system of scientific and scientific-technical measures carried out with the aim of meeting the demand for products of modern society, increasing the quality of products and improving the production process. In other words, innovation is considered to be an innovation that ensures the qualitative increase in the efficiency of processes and products required by the market.

Analysis of recent research and publications. Innovative economic policy means economic management based on new ideas and proposals. This is the basis for organizing an economic policy that meets the requirements of the modern era. In order to fully explain this, first of all, it is necessary to fully understand the meaning of the word innovation [6].

Today, we can confidently say that economic theory, which is a very important component of public consciousness, carries cognitive and political functions determined by the interests of the ruling elite of the West [1].

The modern stage of scientific and technical development coincides with the development period of the information economy. Its essence is characterized on the basis of the fundamental qualitative transformation of the results of creative labor of productive forces into the main factor of economic development. The structural aspect of economic development is characterized as the process of spreading innovations, based on the formation of supply and demand for objects of intellectual property. The establishment of close cooperation between science and production for the development of innovation technologies and innovation infrastructure, the organization of natural mechanisms for the development and stimulation of modernization processes, the technical and technological renewal of production, the use of the results of fundamental and applied research, innovation development, and the organization of cooperation between scientific research organizations and viewed real sectors of the country's economy [8].

The purpose of the article is to outline the main directions for the formation of an innovative infrastructure in the territories liberated from the aggression of neighboring Armenia. This work is carried out in many directions, connected not only with significant material investments, but also with the organization of the entire economic sphere of society, since professional personnel are also involved in many areas of economic and economic activity, and the latest technologies are used related to the organization of the social sphere. The tasks to be solved are as follows: determine the main directions of the reintegration of the population in the liberated territories, as well as identify the need to attract certain economic structures to solve the problems of reintegration. It is also necessary to analyze the real situation that arose after the destructive activity of the aggressor.

Summary of the main research material. The research methodology is the search for technologies and theories that can determine the main directions for ensuring the sustainable development of territories liberated from occupation. The application of local and foreign innovative theoretical and practical research in areas such as socio-economic transformations of regional economic systems, investment activity, strategic management of the regional economy is of great importance. Economic-statistical and comparative-analytical methods, expert analysis theory and systematic approach methods were used in the research.

State of infrastructure in the liberated territories. It is no secret that 2020 was difficult for all countries of the world, but in the last months of that year, the people of Azerbaijan experienced one of the most memorable and glorious periods in their history. Under the strategic leadership of Commander-in-Chief, President Ilham Aliyev, the Azerbaijani army established the truths that once seemed like a fairy tale, and the longing of the population displaced from the occupied territories for years was put to an end. These territories, which were kept under occupation for 28 years and whose names are preserved in the memory of every Azerbaijani, have a rich economic potential in addition to their historical and cultural importance and value for our people. The new economic value that will be created by the integration of these territories into the country's economy will many times exceed all the financial costs that the state of Azerbaijan has incurred and will continue to incur without hesitation and without experiencing special fiscal tension. occupation azerbaijan infrastructural

In modern times, innovative development is considered an important condition. It should be noted that the occupied territories have been looted for thirty years and there is no mention of any economic development. During the occupation period, economic development, infrastructure, standard of living, and economic policy were almost non-existent. Processes such as the liberation of these lands from occupation, the restoration of part of the infrastructure in a short period of time, and the implementation of other projects indicate the necessity of those areas from an economic point of view [10].

The infrastructure of the region has been greatly destroyed as a result of looting and inefficient exploitation from the date of occupation by Armenia. Economic infrastructure, including roads, reclamation-irrigation, electricity, gas, water, sewerage, etc. in the liberated territories. creation, restoration and development of systems is one of the priority issues. For this reason, future restoration works should start with the establishment of general infrastructure (roads, gas, water, electricity, communication) and basic living conditions, and at a later stage, move to economic development projects.

During the Soviet period, the Karabakh plain developed in close economic relations with Karabakh and other economic regions of Azerbaijan. Roads running in all directions have firmly connected these two areas economically.

The occupation of Karabakh by Armenians and its separation from other regions of Azerbaijan created very serious problems for the population and economy of the region. For many years, the vast majority of enterprises located in the territory of Karabakh worked on the basis of fuel, raw materials and materials brought from the regions of Azerbaijan, and many of them operated as branches of large enterprises of Baku. In 1985, only 8% of the cocoon raw materials entering the large Silk Factory in Khankendi of Karabakh was produced in Karabakh itself, and 92% was imported from other regions of Azerbaijan. In 1986, only 0.3% of the volume of foreign economic relations and 1.4% of the imports of the Karabakh Province was the share of the Republic of Armenia, while 33.3% of its exports fell to Azerbaijan.

Khankendi, the center of the former Kara- bakh Autonomous Province, was once directly connected to Azerbaijan railways and highways, as well as to the transport and communication system of the republic as a whole. The distance from Khankendi to Baku by rail is 392 km. This is a very important factor in the future development of the region. New, innovative infrastructure projects can use maps of transport logistics that existed during the Soviet era. Naturally, the unified transport and communication system, which has been operating in the occupied regions for years, is currently in a state of disrepair as a result of Armenia's aggression. At first glance, abundant water supply, electricity, industrial recreation opportunities, and abundant minerals constitute the skeleton of the industrial potential of the liberated areas.

The road we know as "Lachin Corridor" is actually the Yerevan-Gorus-Lachin-Shusha- Khankendi road. Other regions such as Kalba- jar and Gubadli are connected to this road. If we take into account that in the future this road will be further expanded and Russian peacekeepers will not stay in this corridor forever, gradually relations will develop in a different direction, we can say that after some time, Lachin will become a district benefiting from commercial activities. Because today, this route, which is mostly used in military conflicts, will one day change its destination to trade relations and cargo transportation. It is not so easy to imagine this scenario today, but history shows that such passages served first for wars and then for trade. For example, Khudafar's bridge, which has been in the service of wars for many years, has already changed its purpose a long time ago. Therefore, the connection of Kara- bakh and the surrounding regions with Armenia through this geography will have its effect on the economic structure of this place, because not only the rise of the commodity market, but also a very favorable environment for the conclusion of contracting agreements will be created here.

The construction of international airports and new railway lines, as well as the creation of mobile communication systems, are among the priorities of innovative development. According to the decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Mr. Ilham Aliyev, on the organization of temporary special management in the territories freed from occupation, "Azercosmos" OJSC must provide satellite images of these territories, other geoinformation data and analyzes of various contents based on the requests of the relevant state authorities. The first "4G" network and mobile operator are already operating in Shusha. I believe that the LTE network created for the coverage of all liberated territories with a fast modern mobile network, the restoration of uninterrupted communication services and the expansion of radio-television broadcasting, and the technical infrastructure that provides quality transport, telecommunications, postal and modern passenger transportation services are important for the development of this region. in addition to giving impetus, it will also serve to solve employment issues [4].

As our lands were liberated, it became clear that the Armenian invaders completely destroyed our settlements, national-cultural, historical and religious monuments, caused serious damage to the environment, fauna and flora, and looted our natural resources.

During the occupation, the water management and reclamation infrastructure of our republic was seriously damaged, 9 water reservoirs, 2 hydro junctions, 7 aqueducts, 6426 km of irrigation network, 330 km of collector-drainage network, 8003 hydrotechnical installations, 88 pumping stations and 1429 subartesian wells and also, 125 thousand 800 ha of cultivated land has become completely unusable.

The environmental terrorism of the Armenians has also had a negative impact on the water management and planning system of Azerbaijan. Today, water scarcity is a "hot" topic all over the world and in Azerbaijan, where 72.7% of surface water resources are formed outside the country. Armenia continuously pollutes transboundary water resources with chemical and biological substances. Research shows that every year 350 million cubic meters of water passing through Armenia are contaminated with chemicals. The ecological situation of the Araz River, which plays an important role in the natural environment of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, is even worse. Cleaning of gold from the Zod field is carried out with a cyanide mixture, which is dangerous to health, and the poisoned water was discharged into the Araz river. Pollution of the Araz River by Armenia for many years has led to the uprooting and decline of valuable fish species. As a result of the destruction of 21 previously recorded fish species in the last 10-15 years, it has been determined that they have decreased to 16 species.

Hydrometeorological observations were stopped at 17 hydrological stations in the liberated territories and the hydrometeorological observation base was disabled. There are 10 water reservoirs with a total volume of 631 million m3 in the occupied lands, including the Sarsang reservoir built on the Tartar River, which is the highest in terms of height (125 m), has a water capacity of 560 million m3 and is designed to irrigate more than 100 thousand hectares of cultivated land. it is about to fail due to neglect. In the past, the Sarsang reservoir provided irrigation water to 6 regions of the Republic (Tartar, Aghdara, Barda, Goranboy, Yevlakh and Agjabedi). Sar- sang Reservoir poses a serious threat to the entire border region due to lack of planned maintenance works for more than twenty years. 400,000 people living in settlements located in the foothills and lowlands below the damaged Sarsang reservoir are at risk. Reservoir water was released to villages populated by Azerbaijanis during the winter without taking into account the seasonal needs of the area, and as a result, settlements, agricultural fields and communication lines were flooded in the winter. In the hot summer season, 10-15% of the annual water norm was released, which caused a severe water shortage, caused problems in the irrigation of agricultural fields, and the greenery dried up and was destroyed. The failure of the Sarsang Reservoir could lead to a disaster that could result in massive loss of life and possibly a new humanitarian crisis.

"Istisu" in the territory of the occupied Kalba- jar region of Azerbaijan was filled and packaged, and on the filled containers, information and chemical composition were written in Persian language that it was filled from the springs in the territory of the Jermuk settlement of Armenia.

With this, Armenia created the ground for soil, atmosphere and ecological balance disturbance in the South Caucasus region.

Looking at all issues from a general perspective, it is not surprising that Azerbaijan signed the UN Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes in March 1992, while Armenia has not yet signed it [7].

Taking into account these facts, on-site research of the area by independent engineers and hydrologists, organization of global innovative management of water collection in the Sarsang reservoir, use of water resources and maintenance of that water area, irrigation canals, the condition of the Sarsang and Madagiz (now Sugovushan) reservoirs, autumn and spring It is important to organize international control over the water level and overexploitation of the aquifer. It should be noted that the liberation of Sugovusha (previously called Madagiz) from the Armenian occupation on October 3, 2020 made it possible to restore the regional eco-balance.

In order to eliminate the risks for water resources and hydrotechnical facilities in the liberated territories, to completely restore the water management complex in these territories, a special Program was adopted and a relevant Action Plan was developed for this Program. The main goal in the implementation of this Action Plan is to restore the water facilities in the liberated areas to a modern level.

According to the above-mentioned Action Plan, the repair and restoration of the Sarsang water reservoir, which has been in an unusable state for many years in the occupation zone, has been completed.

In 2021, it was planned to supply 50m3/sec and 20 m3/sec of water to the Tartarchay Right and Left Bank canals, respectively, with the repair and restoration of the Sugovushan hydrojunction and the main main canal taking water from it, which has already found its solution. The implementation of this project has improved the water supply of 96,217 ha of land areas of Tarter, Aghdara, Goranboy, Yevlakh, Barda, Aghdam and Agjabedi regions.

The repair and restoration of the Tartarchay Sag Sahil canal, which takes water from the Sug- uvushan hydrojunction, will improve the water supply of lands in Tartar, Aghdam and Agjabedi.

In 2021-2023, with the reconstruction of the Maralarx canal, which takes water from the Araz River, 3125 ha of Jabrayil district and 2466 ha of Fuzuli district will be provided with irrigation water, and with the reconstruction of the Hasanliarx canal, 6597 ha of Jabrayil district and 432 ha of Fuzuli district will be provided with irrigation water.

In 2021-2023, the repair and restoration of 13 I-class canals with a length of 104 km in the territory of Zangilan region will allow improving the water supply of 6.1 thousand hectares of cultivated land in the region. In addition, the repair and restoration of 5 small water tanks in the region will improve the supply of irrigation water to 150 ha and 4 pump stations in the area of 3500 ha.

Restoration of existing subartesian wells and construction of new ones in the liberated areas will improve the water supply of the lands in the areas and the supply of drinking water to the population, and in general, the restoration of water resources and hydrotechnical facilities in these areas will ensure the achievement of high productivity and the restoration of ecological balance.

There are 140 large and small reservoirs and HPPs in our republic. The volume of 61 of them exceeds one million m3. These are Mingachevir, Shamkir, Yenikand, Varvara, Araz and Sarsang HPPs. In recent years, the hydrotechnical facilities built and put into use on Takhtakorpu and Shamkir rivers are facilities that meet the most modern requirements.

There are 9 large and small hydroelectric power stations in the liberated territories of our country. They were under Armenian occupation for a long time. The biggest of them are Sarsang and Sugovushan reservoirs. Sarsang Reservoir was built in 1976 at an altitude of 726 m in Sar- sang valley on the Tartar river. The height of the dam is 125 m, width is 570 m, water capacity is 565 million m3, length is 18 km, width is 600 m. The reservoir was considered the highest dam in the republic at that time. Now the highest dams are Shamkirchay at 196 m and Takhtakorpu dams at 142 m. The Sarsang and Sugovushan reservoirs have been under the occupation of Armenia since 1992, and have fallen into disrepair due to lack of maintenance during these years. Therefore, the possibility of accidents in these water reservoirs, whether natural, technical, or due to sabotage, is becoming more real over time. If such an accident occurs, since the reservoir has a high mountainous terrain, the speed of water can reach 100 km/s, and this will cause six districts (Aghdara, Tartar, Goranboy, Barda, Yevlakh) with a population of 400 thousand to be flooded [7].

The Suguvushan reservoir was commissioned in 1975. The height of the dam is 28 m, the length is 600 m, the volume of the reservoir is million m3. The reservoir has been occupied since 1992. It was released from occupation by the Azerbaijani army on October 3, 2020. Currently, repair and restoration works are underway at Sugovushan HPP. According to the signed contract, the work will be completed by the end of 2023, and the value of the contract is 12 million 26,139 thousand manats.

Taking into account all these problems, our institute has started preparatory work to monitor all hydrotechnical facilities in the territories freed from occupation in 2021-2025 [5].

One of the main problems in the organization of innovative management in the territories freed from occupation is the mining of territories by Armenians.

Since 2000, the Mine Clearance Agency of the Republic of Azerbaijan has been clearing mines and munitions from our territories affected by the war. Our lands, which were under Armenian occupation for 30 years, ended in victory as a result of the 44-day historical war of our state. However, even if the guns fall silent, our fight against mines and ammunitions, which are considered to be "hidden killers" left by the enemy, continues.

Before the 2nd Patriotic War, 10 thousand people were moved to areas cleared of mines and newly built settlements in the former frontline regions, and the safety of the projects was ensured. As a result of demining, 827,423 mines and ammunition were discovered. 815312 of them were ammunition and 12111 were mines of various types. Currently, ANAMA is contributing to infrastructure restoration works in regions freed from occupation through humanitarian demining operations.

Mine clearance is considered one of the most important issues and the main goal in building the necessary infrastructure [2].

General characteristics of infrastructural changes. Since the infrastructural risks created during the military operations during the occupation and the liberation period create larger-scale problems, their analysis and pre-determination is considered a complex process. Risk analysis is important in eliminating the consequences of problems and minimizing their consequences. For this reason, constant observation, forecasting and monitoring control helps to minimize risks in the way of prevention of potential military risks and construction of modern infrastructure for innovative management. One of the important issues is the creation of pre-prepared special observation posts to prevent problems arising after military operations and any kind of emergencies that may occur in lands freed from occupation. Such situations can create difficulties in the construction of telecommunications and infrastructure. For this reason, in order to ensure the safety of personal personnel, early detection of risks will make an invaluable contribution to the prevention of possible disasters. Thus, during the implementation of all types of operations during the war and post-war period, the identification of risks in construction works, their analysis and the actions to be taken against them should be considered as important issues in ensuring the safety of the population, territories and personnel working there.

The initiation of large-scale reconstruction and infrastructure construction works in the region after the war shows the strength of the Azerbaijani state.

Despite the fact that only a short time has passed since the end of the war, the large-scale reconstruction and infrastructure construction works in the liberated territories show the strength of the Azerbaijani state. Azerbaijan, a strong state, is determined and capable of restoring our cities and villages, historical, religious and cultural monuments, which were razed to the ground during three decades by Armenian vandals. Issues related to the goals set for the recovery process are being considered.

The restoration of the territories freed from occupation is carried out in a planned and phased manner. Within the framework of the territory restoration program, priority is given to the creation of the necessary infrastructure, which is natural. Building the necessary infrastructure at the initial stage is necessary both in terms of ensuring the return of people to their native places and building the economy of the liberated territories.

An important aspect of the reconstruction works is the construction of a modern electricity network in the liberated territories. It should be emphasized that the mentioned areas are rich in renewable energy sources and all of them will be used. Currently, several projects are being implemented in this direction. Some time ago, the 8 megawatt "Gulabird" Hydroelectric Power Station located on the Hekari river was put into use with the participation of the head of our state. In a short time, Shusha city was fully supplied with electricity. Currently, new transmission lines are being built from Dashkasan to Kalbajar.

Another important direction in intensively implemented restoration works is related to the construction of road and transport infrastructure. Here too, things are done in a complex way. Thus, the projects implemented in this direction include road, railway and air transport.

The socio-economic importance of the construction of three international-level airports within the framework of the necessary infrastructure construction program in the liberated territories is quite large. The construction of Fizuli International Airport is already being successfully continued. As part of the next visit of President Ilham Aliyev to the territories freed from occupation, the foundation of a new airport was laid in Zangilan. Another airport is planned to be built in the territory of Lachin region.

In accordance with the political will of our head of state, the first agreements on the restoration of territories freed from occupation and the creation of necessary infrastructure were signed with the representatives of friendly countries. At the same time, the companies of brother Turkey are leading.

Turkish companies are also involved in the first "Smart Village" project, which was founded in Agali village of Zangilan district. The companies of the sister country will implement their innovative applications within the framework of the pilot project. This is the Archimedes system, a renewable energy installation [11].

Conclusion

The priority of human capital, the application of strategic planning at the state level and indicative planning at the business level in economic management, as well as the implementation of the innovation-investment policy based on scientific and technical progress should form the basis for the sustainable and preventive development of our national economy.

It is clear that one of the priority directions of state administration in modern times is the modernization of economic policy. For this, the implementation of modern foreign policy, the use of new technologies, the training of highly qualified personnel and the development of science are considered the main directions. The power and traditions of the institutions that form the policy in the field of education and technology, the division of responsibility in this area between the central and local bodies, the roles and powers of various ministries are clearly manifested in the administration. As a result of this, a Decree was signed on some measures related to the improvement of management and strengthening of interaction in the field of science and education in the Republic of Azerbaijan. According to the Decree signed by President Ilham Aliyev in 2022, innovation in the field of science and education will in turn affect economic policy. Such innovative steps contribute to the emergence of new ideas and approaches and the emergence of a modern form in the political world [2].

It works with modern practice that the functions of developing an innovative system is an important issue facing the state in the years of globalization. Globalization can help correct self-transformational deficiencies in the market process in the process of shaping the technological infrastructure.

As an advanced management activity, the state takes its great responsibility in the field of technological progress and makes regulations with the real help of a large-scale management function. First of all, it creates the necessary conditions for innovative development. The state should act as the leading force of the economic path as a whole, implementing the technologyinnovation policy. The background of this policy is the management system that governs the economy of knowledge and literacy as a whole and the function of bringing it into its own hands.

Thus, it is necessary to prevent the fight against the economy, which results in the increase of the competitiveness of the economy, which alleviates what is written in the articles, and the related resources in the form of economic circulation, the conditions of injury to it, the presence and elimination of factors that strengthen its development, and management in all directions. This, in turn, ensured the innovative development of the entire country's economy, including the Karabakh region [9].

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