Social and political activity of Mykhaylo Zubrytskyi
The social and political activities of the famous Greek-Catholic priest, ethnographer, researcher, folklorist, publicist, active member of the National Academy of Sciences M. Zubrytskyi at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries.
| Рубрика | История и исторические личности |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 24.07.2024 |
| Размер файла | 59,1 K |
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Rev. Zubrytskyi did not have a clear-cut one-sided view on emigration as a way of people looking for of a better life. One could agree with researcher H. Demian who argued that Mykhailo Zubrytskyi never considered emigration a rational solution when it came to the problem of national suppression and it was the foreign rule in the native lands that caused severe poverty Дем'ян Г. Національно-державницьке спрямування діяльності М. Зубрицького (Тематико-бібліографічний огляд публікацій). Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори і матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 2: Матеріали до біографії. Львів, 2016. С. 410.. He highlighted threats and challenges of emigration, among which there was the loss of the strong young working generation that would start to see the new world as their home home; as a countermeasure he suggested introduction of the best foreign practices by migrant workers at home.
H. Demyan noted that the researcher attached great importance to elections for ideological and national hardening and consolidation, and also tried to use the elections in the most effective way and left a noticeable mark in his numerous publications. He was interested in politics since 1883. Mykhailo Zubrytskyi saw his political activity as an opportunity to change the situation in Galicia, that is to positively influence the socio-economic and cultural life of the peasantry. H. Demian pointed out that the researcher thought high of elections in terms of ideological and national education and consolidation, thus he tried to use the elections to the fullest, and he had a lot to say in his numerous publications Дем'ян Г. Національно-державницьке спрямування діяльності М. Зубрицького (Тематико-бібліографічний огляд публікацій). Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори і матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 2: Матеріали до біографії. Львів, 2016. С. 402.. He had been interested in politics since 1883.
The priest was a candidate. In 1894 and 1895, he was running for a post of an ambassador in the additional election. The idea to nominate M. Zubrytskyi came from the national People's Council Зубрицький М. Автобіографія. Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори і матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 2: Матеріали до біографії. Львів, 2016. С. 95.. However, that election campaign was not successful for him. The electorate favoured priest's opponent Kazymyr Belaanskyi, who won Зубрицький М. Выборь посла вь Старомь-мЪстЪ (Письмо зь старо-мЪского). Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори і матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 3: Газетні публікації, етнографічні та архівні матеріали. Львів, 2019. С. 252-257..
In the autumn of 1895, M. Zubrytskyi decided to run for a post for the second time. He had been analyzing the mood of potential voters since the spring of 1895, hoping for the support from the mountain communities Листи Михайла Зубрцикього до Олександра Барвінського (1894-1895 рр.). Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори і матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 1: Наукові праці. Вид. 2-е, випр. Львів, 2019. С. 248.. Government officials tried to defame him and spread information about him being a Russophile Зубрицький М. Зь руху выборчого. Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори і матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 3: Газетні публікації, етнографічні та архівні матеріали. Львів, 2019. С. 332., however he publicly announced his negative attitude towards Russophiles. Still, M. Zubrytskyi lost the election in 1895 Зубрицький М. Выборь посла вь Сгаромь-мЪстЪ (Письмо зь старо-мЪского). Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори і матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 3: Газетні публікації, етнографічні та архівні матеріали. Львів, 2019. С. 252..
Researcher H. Demian believed that partaking in the election the priest was showing his solidarity with those representatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia who used every chance and various opportunities to improve situation of their fellow people Дем'ян Г. Національно-державницьке спрямування діяльності М. Зубрицького (Тематико-бібліографічний огляд публікацій). Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори і матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 2: Матеріали до біографії. Львів, 2016. С. 402..
Social and political activities of M. Zubrytskyi can be studied not only through the prism his participation in the elections, but also by means of reading the local political newspaper articles of the time. H. Demian drew attention to the fact that Rev. Mykhailo Zubrytskyi's speeches for the press had a clear and defined aim - to help the local population make a right and timely choice in terms of the best candidate, to understand which political views they represent and whose interests they would defend in the future Дем'ян Г. Маловідомі сторінки життя і наукової праці Мих. Зубрицького. Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори і матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 2: Матеріали до біографії. Львів, 2016. С. 389.. The analysis of electoral trends in the Boykiv region helped to understand ongoing moods and learn about the political culture of the local population. M. Zubrytskyi's papers were dedicated to the elections in Starosambir, Syanok, Lisy counties, and Turkiv region.
On April 25, 1914, Mykhailo Zubrytskyi was appointed to the parish in the village Berehiv Dolishnyi. During World War I, he was arrested on suspicion of being a Russophile Горак Р. Феномен сільського священника. Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори та матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 2: Матеріали до біографії. Львів, Літопис. 2016. С. 441.. However, M. Zubrytskyi managed to flee Thalerhof for Carniola in Slovenia, where he lived until 1916; later he returned to Berehiv Dolishnyi Зубрицький М. Словенський щоденник. Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори і матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 2: Матеріали до біографії. Львів, 2016. С. 116..
Mykhailo Zubrytskyi took part in the events during the establishment of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic in November 1918. In his house he organized a hospital for Ukrainian soldiers Зборовський П. Славетний син бойківського краю (до 100-річчя від дня загибелі видатного українського вченого, душпастиря, історика, теолога, етнографа, фольклориста, дійсного члена НТШ). Бойківщина. 2019. 17 травня. С. 6.. The priest recorded details of the events related to the ZUNR (WUPR) authorities in Lisk, Przemysl, Ustryky during the period of November 6 - December 21, 1918 Дем'ян Г. Національно-державницьке спрямування діяльності М. Зубрицького (Тематико-бібліографічний огляд публікацій). Зубрицький М. Зібрані твори і матеріали: у 3 т. Т. 2: Матеріали до біографії. Львів, 2016. С. 413-417.. The Polish authorities arrested M. Zubrytskyi on November 25, 1918 Ibid. P. 414..
To summarize, social and political activitiy of Mykhailo Zubrytskyi had different vector and constituted an important part of his life. He was the one to organize and open "Prosvita" reading rooms as well as shops in the villages of Starosambir and Turka counties, he contributed to the development of the peasants' educational level as well as improvements in their economic situation. In his printed works in press and periodicals the priest addressed topical problems of the Ukrainian life: poverty, illiteracy, inertia, labor migration, and political struggle. M. Zubrytskyi was an active participant in election campaigns, however he never won. During World War I, he was arrested by the Austrian authorities. In 1918, he actively took part in the creation and establishment of ZUNR (WUPR) govermental bodies.
Activities of M. Zubrytskyi during 1914-1919, his arrest and stay in Slovenia make up an object of further research.
References
1. Hlushko M. (2020). Mykhailo Zubrytskyi - diialnyi chlen Naukovoho tovarystva imeni Shevchenka u Lvovi [Mykhailo Zubrytskyi is an active member of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv]. Narodna tvorchist ta etnolohiia - Folk creativity and ethnology. 3. S. 7-27 (in Ukrainian).
2. Horak R. (2016). Fenomen silskoho sviashchennyka [The phenomenon of the village priesty. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory ta materialy u trokh tomakh. Tom 2: Materialy do biohrafii [Zubrytskyi M. Collected works and materials in three volumes. Volume 2: Materials for biography - Zubrytskyi M. Collected works and materials in three volumes. Volume 2: Materials for biographyy. S. 418-442 (in Ukrainian).
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4. Demian H. (2016). Natsionalno-derzhavnytske spriamuvannia diialnosti M. Zubrytskoho (Tematykobibliohrafichnyi ohliad publikatsii) [The national-state orientation of the activities of M. Zubrytskyi (Thematic and bibliographic review of publications)]. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy: u 3 t. T. 2: Materialy do biohrafii. S. 396-417 (in Ukrainian).
5. Zborovskyi P. (2019). Slavetnyi syn boikivskoho kraiu (do 100-richchia vid dnia zahybeli vydatnoho ukrainskoho vchenoho, dushpastyria, istoryka, teoloha, etnohrafa, folklorysta, diisnoho chlena NTSh) [Glorious son of the Boykiv region (to the 100th anniversary of the death of an outstanding Ukrainian scientist, pastor, historian, theologian, ethnographer, folklorist, active member of the National Academy of Sciences)]. Boikivshchyna - Boykivshchyna. 17 travnia. S. 6 (in Ukrainian).
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12. Zubrytskyi M. (2019). Emihratsiia selian z Mshantsia do pivnichnoi Ameryky (Dopys z Starosambirshchyny) [Emigration of peasants from Mshanets to North America (Post from Staro Sambirshchyna)]. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy: u 3 t. T. 3: Hazetni publikatsii, etnohrafichni ta arkhivni materialy [Zubrytskyi M. Collected works and materials: in 3 volumes. Volume 3: Newspaper publications, ethnographic and archival materialsy. Lviv, 2019. S. 767. (in Ukrainian).
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18. Zubrytskyi M. (2019). Kilka sliv z nahody stati DSla p. z. “Lytsemiru” [A few words on the occasion of the gender of Dila p. z. “Hypocrites”]. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy: u 3 t. T. 3: Hazetni publikatsii, etnohrafichni ta arkhivni materialy [Zubrytskyi M. Collected works and materials: in 3 volumes. Volume 3: Newspaper publications, ethnographic and archival materials]. Lviv. S. 641 (in Ukrainian).
19. Zubrytskyi M. (2019). Moskvofily na usluhakh polshchyny [Muscophiles at the service of Poland]. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy: u 3 t. T. 3: Hazetni publikatsii, etnohrafichni ta arkhivni materialy [Zubrytskyi M. Collected works and materials: in 3 volumes. Volume 3: Newspaper publications, ethnographic and archival materials]. Lviv. S. 695 (in Ukrainian).
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21. Zubrytskyi M. (2019). Pysmo z Staro-mSskoho: Narodne vSche sklykane do Staroho-mSsta na 22-oho s. m. znov zaboronylo mSstseve ts. k. starostvo [A letter from Staro-mSskogo: The People's Assembly convened in Staro-mSst on the 22nd p. the city was again banned by the local ts. old age]. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy: u 3 t. T. 3: Hazetni publikatsii, etnohrafichni ta arkhivni materialy [Zubrytskyi M. Collected works and materials: in 3 volumes. Volume 3: Newspaper publications, ethnographic and archival materials]. Lviv. S. 496 (in Ukrainian).
22. Zubrytskyi M. (2019). Pravo pryzenty sviashchenykiv [The right to present priests]. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy: u 3 t. T. 3: Hazetni publikatsii, etnohrafichni ta arkhivni materialy [Zubrytskyi M. Collected works and materials: in 3 volumes. Volume 3: Newspaper publications, ethnographic and archival materials]. Lviv. S. 289 (in Ukrainian).
23. Zubrytskyi M. (2019) Pro emihratsiiu pyshut u nas chasto [We often write about emigration]. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy: u 3 t. T. 3: Hazetni publikatsii, etnohrafichni ta arkhivni materialy [Zubrytskyi M. Collected works and materials: in 3 volumes. Volume 3: Newspaper publications, ethnographic and archival materials]. Lviv. S. 643 (in Ukrainian).
24. Zubrytskyi M. (2019). Pro sumnu podiiu v peremyskii ruskii himnazyi [About the sad event in the Russian gymnasium in Peremysk]. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy: u 3 t. T. 3: Hazetni publikatsii, etnohrafichni ta arkhivni materialy [Zubrytskyi M. Collected works and materials: in 3 volumes. Volume 3: Newspaper publications, ethnographic and archival materials]. Lviv. S. 752 (in Ukrainian).
25. Zubrytskyi M. (2016). Slovenskyi shchodennyk [Slovenian daily]. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy: u 3 T. T. 2: Materialy do biohrafii. Lviv. S. 116 (in Ukrainian).
26. Zubrytskyi M. (2019). Tykhii ale revnui patriot [A quiet but zealous patriot]. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy: u 3 t. T. 3: Hazetni publikatsii, etnohrafichni ta arkhivni materialy [Zubrytskyi M. Collected works and materials: in 3 volumes. Volume 3: Newspaper publications, ethnographic and archival materials]. Lviv. S. 504-505 (in Ukrainian).
27. Zubrytskyi M. (2019). Chytalniu “ProsvStu” v Mshantsy [Reading room “Enlightenment” in Mshantsi].
28. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy: u 3 t. T. 3: Hazetni publikatsii, etnohrafichni ta arkhivni materialy [Zubrytskyi M. Collected works and materials: in 3 volumes. Volume 3: Newspaper publications, ethnographic and archival materials]. Lviv. S. 243 (in Ukrainian).
29. Kliashtorna N. Misiia ottsia Zubrytskoho [Father Zubrytskyi's mission]. URL: https://localhistory. org.ua/texts/reportazhi/misiia-ottsia-zubritskogo (in Ukrainian).
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32. Romaniuk T. (2016). Prychynok do istorii chytalni Tovarystva “Prosvita” u seli Mshanets [Reasons for the history of the reading room of the “Prosvita” Society in the village of Mshanets]. Zubrytskyi M. Zibrani tvory i materialy; u 3 t. T. 2: Materialy do biohrafii. S. 478. (in Ukrainian).
33. Sysyn F. Religion within the Ukrainian Populist Credo: The Enlightened Pastor Mykhailo Zubrytsky. Journal of Ukrainian Studies. 2012. Vol. 37. S. 85-96.
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