The image of Kholm region as a center of princedom in the publications of "Ukrainian publishing house". Visions of Volodymyr Sichinskyi, Semen Liubarskyi, Myron Korduba

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I. Krypiakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies of NAS of Ukraine

The image of Kholm region as a center of princedom in the publications of «Ukrainian publishing house». Visions of Volodymyr Sichinskyi, Semen Liubarskyi, Myron Korduba

Yuliia Artymyshyn PhD (History)

Researcher at the Department of Contemporary History

Abstract

The publications of «Ukrainian Publishing House» were analyzed: newspaper articles of «Krakivskii visti» and books from the «National Library» publishing series, «Past and Present» by Semen Liubarskyi, Volodymyr Sichynskyi and Myron Korduba. The publication selected for the work is devoted to the region of the Polish-Ukrainian borderland, the westernmost areas where Ukrainians lived. The problematic and thematic specificity of the works, primarily the image of the city of Kholm and the region in the Middle Ages, was defined. There is noted that the image of the city of Kholm as a princely seat, a capital city, occupies a central place in the plots of published works. This image of the princely capital is one of the main symbols of Ukrainianness, timeliness, belonging to Ukrainian lands. It is observed that chronologically the publications were written in the 1940^s, during the stay of the outlined territory in the General Government. Polonization measures of recent years on the eve of the war actualized the problem of the cultural and educational life of Ukrainians, therefore the publishing activity of the Ukrainian Central Committee played an important educational role. It is demonstrated that Sichinsky's studies was based on the historiographical works of Polish and Russian historians of the 19^th century. Attention is drawn to the fact that their vision of the most ancient period of the history of Kholm, depicted by Volodymyr Sichynskyi, contradicts the concepts of Mykola Dashkevych and Mykhailo Hrushevskyi. The explorations of M. Korduba, which are devoted to the medieval period of the history of the Kholm region and Podlasie, are detailed. It is stated, that they are based on a wide range of sources and prove the connections between different regions of the Ukrainian population within the boundaries of the state formations of Kyivan Rus and the Principality of Galicia-Volhynia.

Key words: «Ukrainian Publishing House», history of the Kholm region, Volodymyr Sichinskyi, Semen Liubarskyi, Myron Korduba.

An important role in the social and cultural development ofUkrainianism in the General Governorate was played by «Ukrainian Publishing House» («Українське видавництво»), which operated in Krakow and Lviv (December 1939 March 1945). This publishing union became, according to researcher Larysa Holovata, «the largest publishing center during the Second World War» (Головата, 2010, с. 5). Its founders were political emigrants from Galicia (the publishing house was founded in December 1939 in Krakow) and members of the Ukrainian Central Committee (UCC). The founders were Volodymyr Kubiiovych (Володимир Кубійович), Yevhen-Yuliy Pelenskyi (Євген-Юлій Пеленський), Ivan Zylinskyi (Іван Зілинський), Osyp Boydunyk (Осип Бойдуник), Yulian GenykBerezovskyi (Юліан-Ґеник Березовський) (Головата, 2019).

With the assistance of the Ukrainian National Council and its leader Kost Levytskyi (Кость Левицький), as well as the Ukrainian Regional Committee headed by Kost Pankivskyi (Кость Паьківський), a second department was opened in Lviv, which included Yurii Stefanyk (Юрій Стефаник), Dmytro Shtykalo (Дмитро Штикало), Kostya Gupalo (Кость Гупало), Dmytro Ievlev (Дмитро Ієвлеєв), Ivan Krypiakevich (Іван Крип'якевич) and others (Головата, 2010, с. 7). The administrative center of «Ukrainian Publishing House» remained in Krakow, the Lviv branch was subordinated to the Krakow center, but the publishing houses remained organizationally independent (Головата, 2010, с. 7-8). The post of general director was held by Ivan Zylynskyi, the department in Krakow was supervised by Ihor Fediv (Ігор Федів), and in Lviv by Mykhailo Matchak (Михайло Матчак). At the same time, the Lviv editorial board was headed by Mykola Shelemkevych (Микола Шелемкевич). Famous figures were involved in the work of the cell in different periods: Ivan Krypiakevych, Vasyl Simovych (Василь Сімович), Yevhen Khraplyvyi (Євген Храпливий), Sviatoslav Gordynskyi (Святослав Гординський) and many others (Головата, 2019).

Thanks to the activities of the Krakow-Lviv publishing association, a number of printed publications were published: books, magazines, brochures and newspapers. In total, over 600 separate publications were published during the activity of the center, of which the most were literary, artistic and popular scientific works from various fields (the most numerous from history, linguistics and literary studies), as well as 9 titles of periodicals, in particular the daily newspaper «Krakow news» («Краківські вісті»), «Kholm land» («Холмська земля»), «Our days» («Наші дні»), «Illustrated news» («Ілюстровані вісті»), «Evening hour» («Вечірня година»), «Little friends» («Малі друзі») and «Student flag» («Студентський прапор») (Головата, 2019).

The work of «Ukrainian Publishing House» is closely connected with the UCC and the figure of V. Kubiiovych. The latter owned the lion's share of publishing house's assets, was a member of the association's board and managed to establish social and cultural life. So he was respected by a significant part of the Ukrainian intelligentsia. An important role in this cooperation was also played by the contact with the German authorities, which made it possible to go beyond the official government printing of books. Instead, the UCC used the power of the publishing house to promote its activities, establish communication with the public and its branches at the local level (Головата, 2010, с. 9-10).

The priority topics of the publishing union were works on history, which appeared on the pages of periodicals and within the special book series «Past and Modern». Of particular interest are publications devoted to regional history, in particular on the territories that became part of the General Governorate. In the historical and ethnographic studies of these territories of the Polish-Ukrainian ethnic border (Kholm region, Podlasie, Nadsiannia, Lemko region), the authors appealed to the most ancient periods, princely times, and emphasized the Ukrainianness of the region. Taking into account a number of anti-Polonization measures in schooling (the introduction of Utraquist schools in the territory of the eastern voivodships and the abolition of the Ukrainian school administration in 1924) (Moklak, 1997, s. 150-152), closure of Ukrainian schools in Kholm region (Kiernikowski, 2010, s. 125), actions against Ukrainian teachers, in particular in the Lemko region, introduction of the «Lemko Primer» (Любчик, 2009, с. 143), the active offensive of the Polish authorities on the social and cultural activities of Ukrainians after the death of Jozef Pilsudski (Jozef Pilsudski) in 1935 р., the Polonization and revindication campaign of 1937 (propagation of the Polish national idea and the Roman Catholic Church in school, army, administration) (Макар, 2009, с. 32-36) and the mass destruction of Orthodox churches in the summer of 1938 in the Kholm region (Купріянович, 2009, s. 75-83) among the Ukrainian public in the early 1940s, the issue of enlightenment and the organization of cultural and political life was urgent.

The purpose of the article is to determine the problematic, thematic and ideological features of the publications of «Ukrainian publishing house» dedicated to local history. For analysis, articles in the newspaper «Krakow news» and works from the «Past and Present» («Минуле та сучасне») publishing series were selected: «History of Kholm region and Podlasie» («Історія Холмщини і Підляшшя») and «Boleslav-Yuriy II: The last independent ruler of the Galician-Volhynian state» («Болеслав-Юрій II: Останній самостійний володар Галицько-Волинської держави») by Myron Korduba (Мирон Кордуба), «The Town of Kholm» («Місто Холм») in series of «People's library» («Народня бібліотека») by Volodymyr Sichynskyi (Володимир Січинський) and «Kholm's legends and stories» («Холмські легенди й оповідання») by Semen Liubarskyi (Семен Любарський). Selected works are dedicated only to the territory of the Kholm region. This subjective selection is due to the interest in the region and the construction of its image as a princely seat.

The activity of the Ukrainian legal publishing movement during the Second World War, in particular the directions of the work of the Krakow-Lviv publishing association «Ukrainian Publishing House», was covered in detail by researcher Larysa Holovata (Головата, 2013; Головата, 2010). A two-volume historical and bibliographic study by Kostyantyn Kurylyshyn is devoted to the analysis of the Ukrainian press of 1939-1944, which was allowed by the German occupation authorities. In the first volume, among a number of legal newspapers, the author also systematized the main notes of the daily newspaper «Krakow news» and highlighted thematic headings (Курилишин, 2007, с. 431-479). The researchers worked with the study of certain aspects of the scientific and journalistic activity of the authors selected for the study are Taras Batiuk (Батюк, 2015, с. 171-175; Батюк, 2022, с. 4-10), Oleh Pikh (Піх, 2012), Iryna Fedoriv (Федорів, 2001; Федорів, 2013, с. 1-5), Oleksandr Baran (Баран, 2006, s. 252-257).

In Western European historiography, innovative approaches to the study of territories, imagined space, and mapping were marked by the «topographic turn» of the late 1970s (Weigel, 2009, p. 191). A new stage in the growth of historians' interest in the subject of the spatial dimension of the past took place in the 1990s (Weigel, 2009, p. 191; Яковенко, 2007, с. 219), and subsequently, the cooperation of historians with specialists in cultural geography and geohistory was established (Torre, 2008), a new direction in research, outlined by the concept of «geopoetics», appeared (Kasperski, 2014, s. 22). In Ukrainian historiography, the study of territory and regions with the involvement of new methods was highlighted in the pages of the collection of scientific works «Regional History of Ukraine», published in 2007-2017 by the Institute of the History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of Ukraine (publications by Ihor Chornovol, Larysa Nahorna, Yaroslava Vermenych, etc.) (Регіональна історія України). It is also necessary to note the innovative and thorough publications of Roman Holyk, in particular the monograph on the formation of ideas about Galicia. In it, the researcher deconstructed the image of Galicia not only as a cultural product of the turn of the 19^th-20^th centuries, but focused attention on a wider section of the problem (Голик, 2015).

Consideration of investigations according to the chronological principle should begin with the work of the Ukrainian public and political figure Semen Liubarskyi. He was a member of the Ukrainian Central Rada, an ambassador to the Polish Sejm of the 1st term (1922-1927) (Гуцал, 2017), co-organizer of the Church Congress in Kholm in 1939, with the assistance of which the enthronement of Ilarion (Ivan Ohienko; Іларіон, Іван Огієнко) to the rank of bishop of Kholm and Podlasie took place (Баран, 1942; Власовський, 1975, с. 186-187). In 1940, he founded the Kholm Historical Museum named after Mykhailo Hrushevskyi and was its head (before the Soviet occupation of Kholm region in 1944) (Кондрач, 2012, с. 122-123). He was engaged in collecting folklore, but only a small part of these materials was published (Пам'яті Семена Любарського, 1944, с. 4). In 1940, his book «Kholm's legends and stories» was published. It is significant that the collection begins with the story «The Kholm image of the Mother of God»: «... the most expensive religious scrub of the Kholm people is the miraculous image of the Mother of God. This image is of Byzantine origin, as evidenced by the nature of the picture» (Любарський, 1940, с. 3). The following stories about the Turkovytsi and Yablochyn monasteries and their development (Любарський, 1940, с. 9-30), the siege of the city by the Tatars and the legend about the salvation of the city thanks to the prayers of the women's monastery on Maiden's Hill (Дівоча Гора) are no less symbolic (Любарський, 1940, с. 31-36). Semen Liubarskyi did not provide the sources from which he drew the legendary stories of the Kholm region, so it can be assumed that they existed, and the author only carried out their literary processing.

In 1941, a small monograph ofthe architect, art historian, and cultural figure Volodymyr Sichynskyi «The Town of Kholm» was published in Krakow as part of the «Past and Present» publishing series. The historical essay describes the history of the town from princely times to the modern period and the beginning of the Second World War, provides drawings of the oldest notable buildings and their brief description (city fortifications, Stolpen and Bilavyn towers, Kholm Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God, Basilian monastery). Volodymyr Sichynsky traced the beginnings of the existence of the city of Kholm to the 4^th-5^th centuries, stressing that «here was the city-capital of a vast region». He further claimed, without any documentary evidence, that Volodymyr the Great built the first church here and founded the episcopacy (Січинський, 1941, с. 4).

Researcher Oleksandr Baran noted that such statements of Volodymyr Sichynskyi about the temple and the bishop's seat are probably based on data from the encyclopedic article of the 19^th-century Polish scientist Julian Bartoszewicz, (Julian Bartoszewicz) but they are not proven by scientific data. Oleksandr Baran also assumed that Sichynskyi borrowed the thesis that Kholm was a capital city in the 4^th-5^th centuries from the work «Cherven Towns» («Червенскіе города») by the 19^th century Russian historian Arkadij Longinov (Аркадий Лонгинов) (Баран, 2006, s. 253). The Russian historian, based on the Scandinavian sagas of Aleksander Veltman (Александр Вельтман), names the cities that existed approximately in the 4^th-5^th centuries: Kaenugardhia, Holmgardhia, Palltescia, Smalenskia. The researcher unequivocally connects Holmgardhia with Kholmograd, that is, the town of Kholm in the Lublin province. At the same time, he denies the assumption of the Slovak historian and philologist Pavel Safarik (Pavel Jozef Safarik), who believes that Holmgardhia is a general name-characteristic of the territory: an island region or a hill (Лонгинов, 1885, с. 54-55). Arkadij Longinov, referring to this chronicle, emphasized that in the 3^rd-4^th centuries Yarovyt ruled, and later his son Volodymyr, who also owned Polish land (Лонгинов, 1885, с. 55).

Volodymyr Sichynskyi, talking about the earliest years of the existence of the town of Kholm, according to the Nikon Chronicle of1072, about «the participation of Kholm bishop Ivan at the solemn transfer of the relics of Borys and Hlib in Vyshgorod», made a controversial statement that in the 11^th century Holm already had its own bishop. Ukrainian historian Mykola Dashkevych (Микола Дашкевичі) questioned the reliability of historical data about the Kholm Ukrainian historian Mykola Dashkevych questioned the reliability of historical data about the Kholm bishop (Дашкевичі, 1873, с. 91). In the «History of Ukraine-Rus», Mykhailo Hrushevskyi (Михайло Грушевський), using the Galician-Volhynian chronicle, also insisted that until the 13^th century (the reign of Danylo Romanovych), the city of Kholm did not exist, let alone a episcopate in it (Баран, 2006, s. 254-255).

Volodymyr Sichynskyi reconstructs the princely period of Kholm's history based on historiographical concepts of the 19^th century, which did not always have substantiated evidence. In addition, his visions of this period also contradicted the popular scheme of history proposed by Mykhailo Hrushevskyi. Nevertheless, worthy of attention is the scheme of development of the city of Kholm by King Danylo (король Данило), which, according to the evidence of the Nikon Chronicle and the chronicle of Jan Dlugos (Jan Dlugosz), took place in four stages. The first stage was in 1235, when «Prince Danylo appropriately expanded and expanded the ancient Holm, and did not found a new one», built a «small castle» and the church of John the Baptist; the second before the Mongol invasion in 1241, when the further development of city fortifications, the Church of the Holy Trinity took place (Січинський, 1941, с. 5-6). The researcher deduced the third stage after 1241 and the Mongol invasion, during which the city survived, as well as the development of the craft trade was intensified. The fourth after the fire of 1259, Danylo rebuilt the city and strengthened the fortifications, built new churches and rebuilt the Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God (Січинський, 1941, с. 6-9).

The outstanding Ukrainian historian, historiographer, publicist and public figure M. Korduba left a significant creative legacy. The outstanding Ukrainian historian, historiographer, publicist and public figure M. Korduba left a significant creative legacy (Федорів, 2013, с. 2). In September 1940, M. Korduba, fearing for his own life, left his position as a professor at Warsaw University and temporarily moved to Lviv. Soon, responding to Levko Chykalenko's (Левко Чикаленко) invitation to teach history at the Kholm state gymnasium, he went to Kholm (Батюк, 2015, с. 171). He directed scientific interests to the region in which he found himself and began important educational work there. In the end, by order of Volodymyr Kubiiovych (the director of the Ukrainian Publishing House), Myron Korduba prepared the work «The History of Kholm region and Podlasie», which was published in 1941. (Батюк, 2015, с. 171). However, as the researcher of M. Korduba's work T. Batiuk noted, his cycle of publications devoted to the Kholm region and Podlasie began chronologically with the intelligence about Boleslav-Yuriy II Troidenovych (Boleslaw Jerzy II, Boleslaw Trojdenowicz, Boleslaw Jurij, Юрій II Болеслав Тройденович ) in the newspaper «Krakow news» (Батюк, 2022, с. 5). The note was timed to the 600^th anniversary of the prince's death and talked about the political situation in the Galician-Volhynian state after the death of Danylo Romanovych's great-grandsons and the subsequent struggle for the throne, which was eventually won by Boleslav (son of Masovian prince Troiden (Trojden) and Maria(Марія) (daughter of Ruthenian prince Yuriy I (Юрій І)) , the relations of the new ruler with Poland and Lithuania, the system of interstate treaties that guaranteed the security of possessions (Кордуба, 1940a, с. 6-7; Кордуба, 1940a, с. 4-5; Кордуба, 1940a, с. 4-5; Кордуба, 1940a, с. 4-5; Батюк, 2022, с. 5-6). Taras Batiuk noted that this publication obviously aroused interest among readers, so it was published as a separate book these stories were included in the work «History of Kholm region and Podlasie» (Батюк, 2022, с. 6).

Myron Korduba, in his exploration of the Kholm region and Podlasie, made a short excursion into the most ancient periods from the Paleolithic to the first archaeological cultures (Кордуба, 1941, с. 3-22), the great resettlement of peoples and the first tribal organizations (Кордуба, 1941, с. 22-26). The historian also drew attention to the «politicalstate organization, the center of which was town of Cherven», i.e., better known in historiography, «Cherven Towns». The author localized the «towns of Volhynia and Cherven ... on the site of the present settlement in Cheremno-Vakiyiv-on-Huchva, on the way from Hrubeshiv to Tomashiv». These, in his opinion, are the remains of a fortified settlement consisting of three separate fortifications with ramparts and a cemetery (Кордуба, 1941, с. 26). At the same time, after analyzing the chronicles and involving other types of sources, he reconstructs the oldest names in the area (Кордуба, 1941, с. 26-32). history kholm capital city princely

Telling about the Middle Ages Kyivan Rus and Galician-Volhynian state Myron Korduba placed the Kholm region and Podlasie in the all-Ukrainian context and proved the connection with other parts of Ukrainian lands. Citing the «Tale of Bygone Years» about the campaign of Prince Volodymyr (Володимир) to Cherven Towns in 981, the researcher emphasized: «In 981, Volodymyr went to the Liakhs (ляхи) and occupied their towns: Peremyshl, Cherven and others, which are still under Rus. With these words, «Tale of Bygone Years» is the first historical information about the farthest westward parts of the Ukrainian territory» (Кордуба, 1941, с. 33-34). He also refuted the opinion that until the 13^th century, Podlasie was inhabited by the «Lithuanian tribe of Yotvingians», because between Bug and Narva there was «not a single settlement whose name would testify to the Lithuanian-Yotvingian origin. On the contrary, a number of settlements, such as Semyatichi, Dyatkovychi, and others... prove the antiquity of Ukrainian settlements» (Кордуба, 1941, с. 35).

The chapter «Holm as the capital of the state» deserves special attention. In it, Myron Korduba explained the reason for Danylo Romanovych's transfer of the capital from Halych to Kholm by «political and economic changes» in the local and pan-European context: The Fourth Crusade, the conquest ofthe Black Sea steppes by the Mongol-Tatars and the decline of the Dniester trade route, which supported the existence of Halych; establishment of new trade links along the Buh River between the «Galician-Volhynian lands and the towns above the Vistula River founded b»y the Teutonic Order» (Кордуба, 1941, с. 65). According to the historian, King Danylo became interested in the lands of Zabuzhzhia after he won it back from the Polish prince Mieszko (Mieszko I). In particular, he founded or restored and strengthened the settlement of Ugrovsk and built a new episcopal chair and the monastery of St. Ilya. After the Mongol invasion, Danylo rebuilt Kholm dytynets and built new fortifications for protection (Кордуба, 1941, с. 66). He also restored the Church of the Holy Trinity burned by the Mongols and built new brick churches of John Chrysostom, Saints Cosmas and Demian, the Holy Mother of God (Кордуба, 1941, с. 66). The historian did not ignore the popular mention of the burning of Holm by the Mongols and the huge fire of 1259, which was visible «from distant Lviv» (Кордуба, 1941, с. 69-70).

Taking into account the political situation and the stay in the Nazi occupation, the historian in the brochure also devoted separate plots to the connection with the German territories: «To revive the trade of the new capital, Danylo concluded the first trade agreement with the Teutonic Order» (Кордуба, 1941, с. 78-79). M. Korduba also revealed the topic of relations between Ukraine and Germany on the pages of «Krakow news» in the article «Kyiv and Regensburg», dedicated to the trip of St. Mauritius to Kyiv (Кордуба, 1940b; Батюк, 2022, с. 6).

Further, the story of the region is written into the history of the division of Danylo's inheritance between his sons, the transfer of allotments between descendants: «The eldest Lev (Лев Данилович або Лев I Г алицький..). got the Galician land, and Shvarno (Шварно Данилович) got the region of Kholm with the volost of Dorohochyn and Belz...» (Кордуба, 1941, с. 73); «After Shvarno, the head of the family Vasylko also died. Both events were the reason for a new division of volosts. Lev took the Belz land and the Kholm region with Dorohochyn and annexed them to the Galician land. He made the city of Lviv the capital of his state... Kholm ceased to be a princely residence for some time» (Кордуба, 1941, с. 75-76). It is significant that after presenting the history of the reign of Danylo's descendants, their relations with Poland and Lithuania, the author returns to the status of Kholm as the princely capital. In the 1280^s, Prince Lev handed over the «Belz, Kholm and Dorohochyn volosts» to his son Yuriy (Юрій Львович, Юрій І), and he chose Kholm as his seat, «which thus became the capital again, although not an independent one, but a subordinate prince» (Кордуба, 1941, с. 78-79). Yuriy I after the death of his father received the Galician throne, despite the loss of Lublin, managed to unite the «Galician-Volhynian state and accepted the title of King of Rus» (Кордуба, 1941, с. 88-89). However, for Kholm it again meant the loss of the status of the princely capital (Кордуба, 1941, с. 90).

Worthy of attention are the chapters dedicated to Podlasie, in which M. Korduba proves their belonging to the Galician-Volhynian territories, emphasizing their short-term entry into Lithuania: «Podlasie continuously belonged to Rus, with the exception of short episodes in 1214-1219 and 1235-1238, while in the last three years the Masovian prince captured only Dorohochyn region» (Кордуба, 1941, с. 98). This territory temporarily belonged to the Volhynian princes, and since 1238 Prince Danylo annexed its western part to the Galician lands, while the eastern part later belonged to Volhynia. Yuriy I, having united Galician-Volhynia possessions, also owned two parts of Podlasie. The period between 1315 (the death of King Yuri I Lvovych) and 1355/1366 is the most debated about the region's ownership, when Podlasie was mentioned in the privileges of Torun (Torun) merchants or as a possession of the Lithuanian prince Keystut (Kestutis) (Dorogochyn, Melnyk, Brest) Myron Korduba considers the data «about the struggle of the Lithuanian prince Gediminas with the Volhynian princes and the annexation of the whole of Volhynua, and therefore Kyiv region, to Lithuania» from the extended version of the Lithuanian-Ruthenian chronicles, which date back to the 16th century, to be unreliable. In his opinion, this story contradicted other facts that were verified with the help of other sources (Кордуба, 1941, с. 99).

The last three chapters of «History of Kholm region and Podlasie» are devoted to the reign of the descendants of Prince Yuriy I Lvovych: Andriy and Lev II; Boleslav-Yuri II Troidenovych, Dmytro Detko (Дмитро Детько) and ends with the second campaign of the Polish king Casimir III the Great of 1349 (Кордуба, 1941, с. 94-123).

Therefore, the analyzed works, dedicated to the westernmost areas of Ukrainian residence Kholm region and Pidlasie, published within the publishing series of «Ukrainian Publishing House», «National Library» and «Past and Present». The research highlighted the legendary stories about the terrain (work by Semen Liubarskyi) and medieval period of history (Volodymyr Sichynskyi and Myron Korduba). The central place was occupied by stories about the Kholm region as the location of the ancient Cherven towns, Kholm as a princely center and its political position in the Galician-Volhynian principality. This thematic orientation of the publications played an important role in popularizing Ukrainian history, educating the population and, most importantly, proving historical connections with other Ukrainian lands.

Джерела та література

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Анотація

Образ Холмщини як княжого осередку в публікаціях «Українського видавництва»: візії Володимира Січинського, Семена Любарського, Мирона Кордуби

Юлія Артимишин

кандидат історичних наук науковий співробітник відділу новітньої історії Інституту українознавства ім. І. Крип'якевича НАН України

Проаналізовано публікації «Українського видавництва»: газетні статті «Краківських вістей» і книги з видавничої серії «Народня бібліотека», «Минуле й сучасне» авторства С. Любарського, В. Січинського та М. Кордуби. Вказано, що обрані для роботи розвідки присвячені регіону польсько-українського прикордоння, найзахіднішим теренам проживання українців.

Визначено проблемно-тематичну специфіку творів, передовсім образу м. Холма й регіону в середні віки. Зауважено, що центральне місце в сюжетах розвідок займає образ м. Холма як княжого осідку столичного міста. Стверджено, що цей образ княжої столиці один із головних символів українськості, часової тяглості, належності до українських земель.

Зауважено, що хронологічно публікації написані в 1940-х роках, під час перебування терену в Генеральному губернаторстві. Зазначено, що полонізаційні заходи останніх років напередодні війни актуалізували проблеми культурно-освітнього життя українства, тому видавнича діяльність Українського центрального комітету відігравала важливу просвітницьку роль.

Показано, що С. Любарський зібрав і здійснив літературну обробку легенд та оповідань, які стосувалися історії Холмщини. Зауважено, що натомість історичний нарис В. Січинського подавав історію Холма від княжих часів до початку Другої світової війни. Зазначено, що розвідка В. Січинського ґрунтувалася на історіографічних напрацюваннях польських і російський істориків ХІХ ст. Звернено увагу, що їхня візія найдавнішого періоду історії Холма, який відобразив В. Січинський, суперечить концепціям М. Дашкевича та М. Грушевського. Проаналізовано розвідки М. Кордуби, присвячені середньовічному періоду історії Холмщини та Підляшшя. Вказано, що вони деталізовані, опираються на широкий спектр джерел та доводять зв'язки між різними регіонами проживання українського населення у межах державних утворень Київської Русі, Галицько-Волинського князівства.

Ключові слова: «Українське видавництво», історія Холмщини, Холм, княжа столиця, Семен Любарський, Володимир Січинський, Мирон Кордуба.

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