Concept "oriental renaissance", concept "oriental humanism", concept "eastern model of diplomacy": Shota Rustaveli (1160/1172-1216/1220) in the public and creative communication space of the middle ages and early modern period (internationalpolitical, for

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Concept "oriental renaissance", concept "oriental humanism", concept "eastern model of diplomacy": Shota Rustaveli (1160/1172-1216/1220) in the public and creative communication space of the middle ages and early modern period (internationalpolitical, foreign policy and intercultural discourses)

Tsivatyi Viacheslav Hryhorovych, PhD (History), Associate Professor, Honored Education Worker of Ukraine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Scientific Society of History of Diplomacy and International Relations

The political, diplomatic and literary working of the famous contemporary of the Renaissance - Shota Rustaveli, because his practical experience and literary and poetic heritage had not lost their relevance to this day, and his name and work closely to bind Georgia and Ukraine through the centuries and millennium of the European history is analized at the article. Shota Rustaveli is a guide of ideas of Renaissance humanism in Georgia.

Keywords: international relations, foreign policy, diplomacy, institutionalization, humanism, the Renaissance, Shota Rustaveli, Georgia, Ukraine.

Shota Rustaveli (1160/1172-1216/1220) is outstanding poet, diplomat and humanist of Georgia. His life, creative, political, and diplomatic activity related to the late XII - early XIII centuries - during the peak of the Georgian state. Extraordinary personality Rustaveli gradually reveals the secrets of his life and destiny [1, p. 133-141].

One very important new fact, increasing the range of our knowledge of the genius son of the Georgian people, since until recently were known only legends about him and some individual conflicting dates of birth of the poet, anecdotal evidence about his life. The dates of his life - roughly 1172-1216, although some researchers believe these dates and conventional notes that the date of birth and death of this statesman, poet and politician known for certain. It is real information about Shota Rustaveli, his individual features as a person and artist, his inner world, humanistic ideas, political and diplomatic views and activities, the situation in the Georgian society is his immortal work - the poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" single work of poet who came to us.

The content and form of the poem Shota Rustaveli embodied therein progressive socio-political and political-diplomatic and philosophical ideas, composition, language and poetical skills, the brightness of the characters - all this puts the author in a number of the greatest poets and writers of the world - Firduosi, Nizami, Dante, Shakespeare, Goethe, Shevchenko, Pushkin, Frank, etc [1, p. 133-141].

The brilliant poet, humanist and diplomat people's ideas implemented in Georgia during the reign of Queen "sun" Tamara. She ruled Georgia from 1184 to the year of death - 1213. She made a lot of good for the state union, economic, political, diplomatic and political-cultural education and strengthening its exaltation. Georgian borders stretched from the Black Sea to the Caspian, including a steppes to the north, the south - the area around Lake Van and land to the west and southwest of it far Trebizond. In 1204, when the Byzantine Empire was divided into parts Crusaders troops entered Georgia to the Black Sea provinces.

To prevent capture of the eastern Byzantine Empire Turks created Tamara Empire of Trebizond, lifted its throne his cousin Alexis Comnenus. Georgia has gradually become the most powerful states in the Middle East [2].

Caravan and water trade routes it is tightly contacted with many surrounding countries near and far - from the Southern and Northern Black Sea, Persia, India, Egypt, southern Italy, with Rus feudal principalities. On political relations with Georgia Kievan Rus evidenced by the first married Tamara (1185) with George - son of Grand Duke Vladimir, Andrew Bogolyubsky.

The development of crafts, their rapid improvement and a simultaneous increase in demand for handicraft products - all of which create conditions for the expansion of trade, and thus to an unprecedented revival in all spheres of social and cultural life. This period in the history of Georgia generally called the Georgian Renaissance.

Shota Rustaveli, as evidenced by his "The Knight in the Panther's Skin", was very well aware of domestic and international economic, political, diplomatic and cultural phenomena, events and processes that took place at that time in Georgia. The poet embodies all the best in what was then the Georgian people age.

His poem reflects fullest and brightest features in the Georgian Renaissance comprehensiveness of the term - identifying socio-political, cultural and literary aspects of life.According to the poems, especially "Introduction" to it and "Final stanzas" Shota Rustaveli really been at court, was connected with the court environment, speaking singer Tamara, who also dedicated his poem. Shota Rustaveli was a poet of great magical power. Most scientists have no doubt that the hero of "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" Avtandil - is Rustaveli.

Shota Rustaveli grew up in aristocracy circles, in an atmosphere of general care of the best of his spiritual and physical development, education wisdom, the ability to manage the state to negotiate, have diplomatic tools, command troops. After the death of his father, the poet Grigol won Rustavi province.

That's where his name that he carried out in 1196 to 1207. During this period Shota wrote his poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" and Rustaveli name remains forever linked with it. In creating the book the poet was 30-40 years. As owner of Rustavi, Shota took it for Rustavi traditional rulers and their fixed position of the king's vizier - treasurer.

State activity Shota has especially great patriotic significance after the death of Tamara, in the second quarter of the XIII century, when Georgia suffered a great national disaster and it fell under the rule of the Mongols. During this period, Shota trying to raise the morale of his compatriots. He is one of the main leaders and members of all the major patriotic endeavors, People diplomat. After occupation Mongols eastern Georgia he was instructed to negotiate with the enemy hard.

Shota Rustaveli lived to a ripe old age. He died in the Crusades monastery in Jerusalem. The appearance of the portrait of Rustaveli and "memorial recording" in the temple explained Shota outstanding service as one of the patrons of the monastery, a famous historical statesman, diplomat and national poet of genius, whose name was widely known to the Georgian people [3].

Folk art of Georgia had a huge impact on the character, outlook, Shota aesthetic tastes, it brought a lot of respect and love for true and honest people willing to help and hurt disadvantaged, placate conflicts. Folk art filled the optimistic outlook of the poet bore him faith in the victory of good over evil.

This belief, illuminated, strengthened and motivated most advanced philosophical and political-diplomatic doctrine that time was the beliefs of the poet, has turned into one harmonious, it is a complete philosophical and political-diplomatic system of his views. All this was a vivid reflection of the pages of "Knight...".

Shota Rustaveli brilliant poet and thinker, spoke as a great humanist. At the center of his attention is man's life, ideals, that earthly material, the whole complex reality of social material and spiritual life. Rustaveli affirms the triumph of goodness and light in mortality [3].

Collection of manuscripts of Rustaveli's poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" with ancient manuscripts from the Byzantine period, the National Archives of Georgia were included in the Register of UNESCO "Memory of the World". This Register comprises a total of 348 documents and documentary collections from all five continents.

The creative legacy of Rustaveli "Vephistkaosani" ("The Knight in the Panther's Skin") repeatedly published in Ukrainian. Thus, in 2015 was published the next edition, which was dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the first printed edition of the poem Rustaveli "Vephistkaosani" ("The Knight in the Panther's Skin") - the most famous monuments of Georgian culture verbal XII century.

The problems of peace and war, high earthly love and loyalty in friendship, responsibility and sense of life on earth, glory and bezslavnist, life and death - these are important philosophical and political and diplomatic problems that solves author pages highly, refined by form poem. Content, imagery, way of thinking and poetic form Shota Rustaveli work captures readers of different nations, different cultural traditions.

The publication contains a poem in the original language - Georgian (codified version of the text prepared by the team of scientists Georgian Academy of Sciences in 1966) and the brilliant Ukrainian translation M. P. Bazhana.

The text of the poem accompanying theoretical generalization studio-prof. M. Elbakidze of work and figure Shota Rustaveli and M.P. Bazhana, illustrations of famous Georgian artist S. Kobuladze created in 19351937 years [4].

At the end of XX - beginning of XXI century it was published a significant number of important researches of Shota Rustaveli. The book, written by Shota Rustaveli, in his homeland called Georgian Bible.

Thoroughly imbued with biblical allusions, this poem, created at the end of XII century, least of all oriental tale or medieval chivalry - just as passion bearer tiger skin Tariel not only mandatory element of the narrative genre as painful advancement of souls to eternal human love, political wisdom and diplomatic harmony: for us and given to life to join to host a higher order.

The poem draws its upbeat sound that stems from all of the action from the initial point - the possibility of happiness, the final - happiness after all the hardships that they suffered characters for a comprehensive peace and harmony.

Philosophy politics of author, subject goodness, peace and happiness arise by chance at some stage of development scene. It is present in the product from the outset as a base that moves the whole story.

That nation, postulates and principles of public diplomacy, gave Shota Rustaveli those advanced artistic means, the artistic material that was needed to create a truly realistic political and philosophical poem.

The fusion of folk and literature into one, political and philosophical poem is beginning its development of internal contradictions to more resolutely optimistic finale, the stronger the internal conflict of the plot. FortunatelyShota Rustaveli value measures the depth of misery experienced (concepts of "peace" and "war"): "Those who did not suffer does not know the joys".

Author, spokesman of thoughts and political and diplomatic ideals of its people, serves as a great internationalist and at the same time as the Georgian national poet deeply.

And interesting detail: even their homeland - Georgia - Rustaveli directly and does not speak, though the characters of the poem - the foreigners, numerous pictures of the work that are changing rapidly with the development of the plot, give the reader a complete picture of the complicated political and diplomatic and diverse socio-historical life is XII century feudal Georgia, its people, customs, way of life, citizenship, national identity, even of different in the Georgian state and interstate political and diplomatic situations and events.

Under foreign clothes of heroes "Knight ..." Georgian beating heart from pages of the poem presents a concrete reality in Georgia. Let not surprise us, this feature works: recall the promise of the poet in the "Introduction" to sing Queen Tamar (and, accordingly, the Georgian state) not directly, not as he did before, when he was still quite young, and allegorical... [3; 4].

No wonder the 1712 Georgian King Vakhtang VI made the first publication of the poem, he was its first commentator. It is the beginning of the XVIII century, in a difficult historical period for Georgia, this book served as tools of public diplomacy and nation rallied around him, was the cornerstone of national identity. As an experienced politician and diplomat Rustaveli called for peaceful dissolving of conflict: "With heartfelt holes can cause snake...".

The literary work and political and diplomatic activity Rustaveli was focused on creating peace in the Caucasus. In his legendary poem "Vephistkaosani" ("The Knight in the Panther's Skin") famous Georgian poet wrote: "...The second good friend will help, not scare him trouble. The heart he will give his heart and love - his waybill star..." [2; 4].

Love, friendship and loyalty, peace and quiet are shown in the fight against evil, war for the triumph of goodness and harmony in the world of international relations. Heroes Rustaveli prefer death over shame: " ...Better death worthy of glory, rather than disgraced life".

Claiming loyalty in friendship ("must not leave each other dear nowhere"), poet condemns treachery, violation of oath, betrayal and second Motherland (TB state, in particular - Georgia): "With enemies worst enemy is the one that was carried out as friend..." [3].

It should be noted that in terms of international labyrinths and systems coordinate political and diplomatic uncertainty relations of Georgia with other states in the Middle Ages through the daily jungle, dead ends and congestion of official diplomacy and more punched take effect sprouts new relationship public diplomacy.

Where governments and their official diplomacy are not able to "enter", "maneuver" and marking in the place where people, poets, scientists, artists prepared the intellectual space platform for the settlement of international relations.

Of course, not their right to decide their task - to see the problem as a whole, provide the most complete picture of that on this basis, politicians and diplomats easier to negotiate. Speaking of the then stage of formation of the system of international relations, we can emphasize that hostility countries not officially taken over hatred between people, nations and countries were far ahead and were consistent in preventive processes than power states.

Poem of Shota Rustaveli was brave challenge to church great master of poetry and prose, imbued with religious fervor scholasticism. The fight ended in victory for the author of "Knight ..." on the church books. Rustaveli was the "dominant intellectual influence people".

The Georgian people love poem because it has absorbed all that was best in the ancient writing of the Motherland and the whole world for its organic connection with the life-giving traditions of folk art and folk diplomacy, exaltation fiction homeland and its elevation to a level which it had never reached [4].

The most valuable of the poem is that its center is actively operating, spiritually rich, endowed by nature diplomacy, noble man who seeks to overcome evil, military conflicts and misunderstandings, to assert on Earth, including the Georgian lands, goodness, happiness and peace.

This work is the best example of display of humanistic ideas in Georgian society. Extremely small poem profound impact on all subsequent literature ages of Georgia.

Humanistic ideas of Rustaveli Georgian become extremely important for socio-political and political- diplomatic thought of the Middle Ages and early modern times, have become an integral part of European humanism as a socio-political phenomenon in general. Shota Rustaveli rightly recognized the Georgian people and has a popular title - brilliant artist and humanist [4].

"The Knight in the Panther's Skin" was first published only in 1721, and has since been translated poem is not in all languages. Russian symbolist poet Konstantin Balmont completed translation into Russian. Nicholas Ukrainian poem translated desires (1937) [4; 5; 6, p. 26-36].

In addition, "The Knight in the Panther's Skin" is a true masterpiece of illustrated secular works in Georgia. Institute of Manuscripts of Georgia in Tbilisi has two tomes XVI and a few lines of the poem, dated XIV.

Other copies of the poem belong to the XVII century. Today the most important and most prestigious award in literature of Georgia named Shota Rustaveli. His name was given Batumi State University, the same name is glorious Georgian Literature Institute and others [7; 8; 9].

Rustaveli also connected with Ukraine. The name of the poet named streets in the cities of Ukraine. In particular, in Kiev, Lviv, Odessa, Lutsk, Kharkiv, Ternopil, Sarny and Kalush is named after Shota Rustaveli Street. "God divided the Earth between nations - said Georgian legend - Georgians late, pausing for a traditional meal and Toasting, and they appeared the world had already been divided.

When the Lord said those who came, what they drank, the Georgians said, "For you, God, for themselves and for peace...".Almighty liked the answer. And he told them that although all the land (territory) distributed, he has reserved a small piece for himself, and now he gives it to the Georgians. The land is, according to the Lord, their beauty is not comparable to anything and ever will be people to get involved and enjoy it..." [10, с. 337-363; 11].

Always It worth remembering the fact that the evolution of international relations indicates a need to find new forms of diplomatic flexible implementation of state policy in any historical period. In the world of diplomacy is constant adaptation to new conditions of international relations [12, с. 1-4; 13; 14, с. 64-89; 15; 16].

The international community there are new challenges that need to adequately respond. That flexibility and speed of response to these challenges - an opportunity to build a new international order, which happened a day early modern times. It is absolutely necessary to take into account both historical experience, historical assets, and historical lessons, in particular - the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period... [17; 18, с. 32-37; 19; 20, с. 2430; 21, с. 2-18; 22, с. 188-192; 23, с. 37-40].

So, undoubtedly, today Rustaveli is a brilliant representative of the Renaissance. It was truly educated, spiritually rich man, which absorbed all the best of the best Georgian and world culture XII - early XIII century and earlier ages.

The problem of war and peace, war and diplomacy worried Shota Rustaveli and his contemporaries. They were in constant search for answers to those questions put to them objective reality and international relations. After this period of history could not leave anyone indifferent, because "peace and harmony - priority necessities for kings and nations".

But along with this story for the then international relations of Georgia and the region as a whole, the European system of states, formed at the time as best suited Zarathustra word: "Love peace as a means to new wars. And the short peace more than the long".

shota rustaveli georgia renaissance

Sources

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