The role of Caucasian house model in resolving regional conflicts

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Historically, in the Caucasus conflicts, wars turned into a place where different people live and those conflict zones and ceasefire rejime still remain in modern times. Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan, Abkhazia, South Asetiya problems in Georgia, the Chechen-Russian conflict and so on are still pending. The negotiations, mediation and resolution of conflicts in various prestigious international organizations for many years, but so far has not been able to solve the problems.

The negotiations, mediation and resolution of conflicts in various prestigious international organizations for many years, but so far has not been able to solve the problems. We think that raised at the beginning of the last century, «Caucasian House» idea can play an important role in the solution of the problem. Peoples of the region in the implementation of this idea is interesting, but unfortunately foreign forces are available also which dont want that. In our opinion, the states and peoples of the region are in an effort to be the political will to realize the idea of signing. With the realization of the idea can be established the peace in the Caucasus which is neighbour of the European Union countries.

Etnhopolitical problems, conflicts in Caucasus states poses serious problems in realizing favorable opportunities - such as creating Caucasus Common Market and its integration into the European Common Market, to developing «Great Silk Road», to creat energetic corridor, creating economically and democratically developed societes. caucasus international economic cooperation

We think that raised at the beginning of the last century, «Caucasian House» model can play an important role in the solution of the ethnopolitical problems, conflicts of Caucasus nations. In our opinion, peoples of the region has political will to be part of pease tolks. Because peoples are during 2 decades suffering from ethnopolitical conflicts, territorial controvercies. With the realization of the this idea can be established peace in the Caucasus which is neighbour of the European Union countries.

Since 1992, the idea of integration of the peoples of the Caucasus began to be realized in an active form. In the same year, on the 4th-5th of September, 1992 a «Caucasian Forum» was held in the city of Grozny where the participants of the round table adopted an appeal to the Caucasian peoples, republics, social and religious organizations, and political parties. In the adopted communique the creation of a «Caucasian House» was declared as a guarantee of security and opportunity for the independent development of all the peoples of the Caucasus. The «Round Table» also adopted the Declaration. One of the articles of the Declaration adopted by the participants of the «Round Table» stated the need for creation of the Confederation of Caucasian states.

According to the Charter, the «Caucasian House» should be composed of the following bodies: Advisory Council (consisting of representatives from member states); Supreme Religious Council (united religious leaders of participating countries); Security Council (this body based on Heads of States and Foreign Ministers); The Caucasian Union of Social and Political Powers (interstate - international - to develop legal basis of relations and control of implementation of Caucasus policy); The Caucasus House Executive Office (dealing with the implementation of decisions and controlling the public-political alliance).

«Caucasian House» was to be held also Unit of social and political forces in the Caucasian house (this unit must prepared the legal basis of the interstate, international relationship)

In reality, there was a great need for a new organization like the «Caucasian House». Because the Caucasian regional organizations, such as the Caucasus Mountain Peoples Assembly, and the Turkish Peoples Assembly, were weak to unite the Caucasian nations and their countries. They could not deal with issues covering the entire region, but at a more local level [4].

In fact, created in 1992 the «Caucasian House» was not something new, and was considered predecessor of «Free Caucasus» movement which existed at the beginning of XX century. The idea of «Free Caucasus» appeared in the XIX century in the course of the war in the Caucasus between Tsarist Russia and mountainous peoples, and its main goal was to provide the union of the mountain nations against the Russian Empire.

Indeed, there was a great need in creation of a new organization similar to «Caucasian House» because regional organizations existed in the Caucasus, such as the Assembly of Mountain Peoples of the Caucasus and the Assembly of the Turkic peoples was too weak to join the Caucasian peoples and states to manage conflict negotiations, to be in the center of peacemaking processes. They could not deal with issues that cover the entire region. In broad terms «Caucasian House» was created as a single point of the Caucasian nations and republics.

Under the Caucasus House (February, 1994, Grozny) was created Supreme Religious Council of the Caucasian peoples. It was decided to bring together all the religious leaders of the Caucasus, unify all religions, exclusion of religious discrimination.

On October 17, 1992 in Grozny (Chechnya) and on November 24-25 in Baku was held conference of religious leaders of Caucasus house. Baku conference of religious leaders play an important role in the history of cooperation in the Caucasus. Armenian representatives also participated in the Baku conference. And It approved that there was a broad space for dialog between nations and mutual compromises in frame of Caucasus house organization [5].

Thus, the main purpose of «Caucasian House» was not only Muslim unity but the unity of all religions.

Later the idea of «Caucasian House» was developed by Azerbaijan and Georgia political leaders. This idea has been replaced by the idea of «For Peace in the Caucasus and on March 8, 1996 in Georgia, 14 new documents were signed. One of these documents is the «Declaration on Peace, Security and Cooperation in the Caucasus», known as the Tbilisi Declaration. The Declaration called for creation of common Caucasus house based on respect for human rights and freedoms, respect for minorities, regardless of their ethnic or religious background. The Declaration proclaimed that this document was signed in order to establish peace, security and cooperation in the Caucasus and was open to other countries of the Caucasus.

«By signing the Tbilisi declaration, the presidents of the two countries took over their responsibilities as a common and just peace in the Caucasus» [6. p. 295].

European institutions also supported the realization of the idea of the Caucasian House. Parliamentary Assembly of the Europe Council's Resolution numbered 119 dated 1997 regarding the South Caucasus Conflicts states that the Caucasus House is a common home, where people must live in peace and become a prosperity region.

Such an important document was signed at the level of heads of state in the first time in the history of Caucasian national liberation movement. It is no coincidence that this document has caused serious concern of Russian and Armenian political circles. Although the declaration was open, Russia and Armenia did not join that document.

The Russian researcher D. Malisheva writes that «The peace in the Caucasus», which Azerbaijan and Georgia signed, did not meet the interests of Russia at that time [3, p.41].

Although the declaration was open, Russia and Armenia did not join that document.

After the emergence of the Tbilisi declaration, Russia proposed a new idea to avoid the integration process in the Caucasus. For the first time, President of the Russian Federation B. Yeltsen made a program to hold the Caucasian meeting with the participation of heads of the Caucasian republics and the North Caucasian states. Russia's concern was not accidental, as the first and second articles of the Tbilisi Declaration condemned Armenia's joining the declaration, and Armenia, Russia's strategic partner remained lonely in the region. The created situation would undoubtedly make Russia to prepare a respond. B. Yeltsin's statement was related to this issue. Thus, the «Kislovodsk Declaration» has become an alternative to the Tbilisi Declaration.

A declaration on the «Caucasus for Interethnic Peace, Peace, Economic and Cultural Cooperation» was signed by the Presidents of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia and the Russian Federation in the provinces of Kislovodsk, Russia. The declaration reflected the idea of transforming the Caucasus into a peaceful, non-violent region. The Declaration was based on the idea of creation of peacefull and without war region - the Caucasus. The purpose of the meeting participants expressed widely in the statement. It was stated here that the Caucasus is our common home, it is our duty to turn it into a peaceful, prosperous region where people are proud of their own history and who look to the future with confidence.

But, the mechanisms and realization ways (methods) of the goal did not shown. The «Kislovodsk Declaration» puts forward a «struggle for peace, peace and economic co-operation», and forgets what is more serious - the «problem of immersiveness». It is no coincidence that almost «Tbilisi Statement» was not reminded at the meeting. The «Tbilisi» calls for «conservation» of the Caucasus as a whole, while preserving the «status quo» in the «Kislovodsk declaration», although the Caucasus has identified specific ways of resolving conflicts and wars. Russia's attempt to keep the Caucasus in its force and influence has played the role of a «catalyst» in the region, strengthening «escape from Russia» processes in the region.

In 1996, representatives of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Ingushetia, Ichkeria and Dagestan agreed to establish a Caucasian Parliamentary Assembly in Makhachkala.

Some authors consider evaluated creation of a common market of the Caucasus, in order to achieve the Caucasian Union and to resolve conflicts. For example, A. Abbasbeyli notes that «Mutual profit, volunteerism, economic co-operation, the equality of every nation could be the driving force of the Caucasian common market. Implementation of such events led to the creation of a duty-free and visa- free zone in the Caucasus, where international cooperation zone «§engenov» emerged. After this, the Caucasian people and states were able to break the war from their relations» [1].

R. Mustafayev also notes in his work that new democratic systems of peaceful coexistence should be developed. Of course, these ideas can be agreed in principle poin of view. One of the ways to resolve conflicts in international practice is economic integration, the creation of an environment of mutual economic cooperation. Mutual economic cooperation and peace can also be the basis for the formation and development of the Caucasus. But economic cooperation issues should not hinder the fair solution of the national problems in the Caucasus but rather create a climate of mutual trust.

In our opinion, the development of friendship and cooperation between the nations living in the region is fully compatible for interests.

«Caucasian House» is an important step and grate chance to unite the peoples of the Caucasus and to create and activate international dialog between Caucasian peoples.

It is important to show the political will in resolving problems of Caucasus nations and to develop Caucasian House principles. These principles respects the rights of peoples to self-determination, noninterference in each other's internal affairs, commitment to the principles of human rights and freedoms; to try to resolve all the contentious issues on the basis of the principles of justice and humanity, by peaceful means; the creation of a unified system of collective security in the Caucasus; to make the Caucasus without an armory zone

Therefore, there is a great need for further development and promotion of this idea. Caucasian House political model can be used in Caucasian conflicts and it will be useful in bilateral and multilateral negotiations.

Literature

1. Abbasbayli A. Azerbaycan is my heart. Baki: Azerneshr, 2002, 517 p.

2. Malishva D.B. The problem of security in the Caucasus // Central Asia and the Caucasus. 2001. № 1. Р. 41-56.

3. Mustafayev R. Opinion is free. Baki, 2000, 282 p.

4. Rahimli R. Northern Caucasus Factor in Azerbaijan - Russia relations. Baki, Science, 2009. 199 p.

5. The Twelfth Sheikh-ul-islam. Baku: Al-Huda Publishing House, 2000, 448 p.

6. World diplomacy. Baku: Azerbaijan, 1997. 392 p.

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