History of partnership between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the conference on interaction and confidence building measures in Asia (1992-2014)

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HISTORY OF PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND THE CONFERENCE ON INTERACTION AND CONFIDENCE BUILDING MEASURES IN ASIA (1992-2014)

Ganiy Karassayev Department of Source Studies, Historiography and History of Kazakhstan Institute of State History Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Beibitgul Shurshitbay Department of History of Kazakhstan Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University Ust-Kamenogorsk, Republic of Kazakhstan, Bekmurat Naimanbayev Department of Kazakhstan History and Geography SILKWAY International University Shymkent, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kulpash Ilyassova Department of Oriental Studies L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan, Bayandy Ospanova Scientific Center “IntellectualNation” Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan 

Abstract

Countries and peoples of the world have expressed concern about the geopolitical situation in Asia since the end XX century and the tense situation there. Nuclear weapons have appeared in several countries of the continent. Territorial disputes in a number of countries have escalated into armed conflict. There were other disputes, which were difficult to resolve. At the same time, the collapse of the Soviet Union, which was considered a military and economic power on the continent had a certain impact on stability in the region complicating the political situation further here. Independent states were formed in the post-Soviet region. The issue of border security of the states was on the agenda. At that time, the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev speaking from the rostrum of the 47^th session of the United Nations General Assembly on October 5, 1992, initiated the establishment of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia. In accordance with modern requirements, this proposal was supported and a council was established. Several states were accepted as members. Today, the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia continues its work on a regular basis. The activity of this political structure has gained international significance. In the main section authors will talk about its formation and function

Keywords: diplomacy, economy, terrorism, extremism, security

Анотація

Історія партнерства між Республікою Казахстан та нарадою з питань взаємодії та заходів зміцнення довіри в Азії (1992-2014). Нур-Султан, Республіка Казахстан, Бейбітгуль Шуршитбай, Кафедра історії Казахстану Східно-Казахстанський державний університет ім. С. Аманжолова, Усть-Каменогорськ, Республіка Казахстан, Бекмурат Найманбаєв, Кафедра історії та географії Казахстану Міжнародний університет Silkway Шимкент, Республіка Казахстан, Кульпаш Ільясова, Кафедра сходознавства Євразійський національний університет імені Л.М. Гумільова, Нур-Султан, Республіка Казахстан, Баянди Оспанова, Науковий центр «Інтелектуальна нація» Казахський національний педагогічний університет ім. Абая, Алмати, Республіка Казахстан

Країни та народи світу висловлюють стурбованість геополітичною ситуацією в Азії з кінця XX століття та напруженою ситуацією в ній. У кількох країнах континенту з'явилася ядерна зброя. Територіальні суперечки в ряді країн переросли у збройний конфлікт. Були й інші суперечки, які було важко вирішити. Водночас розпад Радянського Союзу, який вважався військовою та економічною державою на континенті, певним чином вплинув на стабільність у регіоні, ще більше ускладнивши політичну ситуацію тут. На пострадянському просторі утворилися незалежні держави. На порядку денному постало питання безпеки кордонів держав. У той час Перший Президент Республіки Казахстан Н.А. Назарбаєв, виступаючи з трибуни 47-ї сесії Генеральної Асамблеї ООН 5 жовтня 1992 року ініціював створення національної ради з питань взаємодії та заходів зміцнення довіри в Азії. Відповідно до сучасних вимог цю пропозицію підтримали та створили раду. До членів було прийнято кілька штатів. Сьогодні Конференція з питань взаємодії та заходів зміцнення довіри в Азії продовжує свою роботу на регулярній основі. Діяльність цієї політичної структури набула міжнародного значення. У головному розділі автори розкажуть про його формування та функції

Ключові слова: дипломатія, економіка, тероризм, екстремізм, безпека

confidence asia geopolitical tense

Introduction

From the first days of independence, the main directions of the foreign policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan were tensions between the states and peoples of the Asian continent at that time, inter-religious tensions, rising international drug trafficking, increasing domestic and international terrorism, the threat of uncontrolled nuclear proliferation was an active intervention in the solution of the problem of obstruction and other issues of concern to all mankind. It was clear that such a situation in the region would go beyond the region and threaten the future of the world.

At the same time, the conflict was exacerbated by other unresolved issues in the region through peace agreements between individual states. For these reasons, not to mention the region, the desire of the world community to realize the slowdown between the states and peoples of Asia, to ensure peace and mutual understanding has increased. However, it has become more difficult to identify ways to achieve this goal. There were many reasons for this. “The issue of peace is especially important for Asia. 3.5 billion people in Asia today is still plagued by many conflicts and tensions. It is clear that the proliferation and development of nuclear weapons pose a serious threat. The current problems are also of concern - illegal resettlement, environmental catastrophe, religious and ethnic intolerance, the threat of international drug trafficking” the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev said analyzing the deteriorating political situation on the Asian continent in the late XX century [1].

For the first time, the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev announced the establishment of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA). N.A. Nazarbayev took the initiative in a speech to the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in October 1992. His proposal was supported, and the world-class international council has been working since then to maintain security and global peace in Asia. The First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev in his book “Era of Independence” wrote that “The anniversary meeting dedicated to the 20^th anniversary of the CICA process was held in September 2012 in Astana. Addressing the ministers and participants, I noted that the CICA had the opportunity to establish a dialogue of Pan-Asian cultures, civilizations, models of development. A new, much deeper format was needed to address specific issues in Asia” [2]. Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Secretary General M.P. de Brichambaut speaking about the first President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev and his global initiatives, said at a briefing of the Summit in Washington in 2010: “The President of Kazakhstan has played a key role in ensuring stability in Central Asia and contributing to global security. Thanks to his wise policy, Kazakhstan has become a new honorary member of the world community. Today, the achievements of Kazakhstan are exemplary” [3].

Materials and methods

New data from the archives of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP RK), the archives of the Library of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (AFP RF) were used to write the research article. In addition, Kazakh research papers and research papers from other country on diplomacy and international relations were analyzed and referenced. It is obvious that the history of partnership relations of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA), which authors are studying, is the relationship of states at the international level. It is known that the relations between the countries of the world are multi-vector. For example, it consists of special areas such as military alliances, economic, political and cultural ties. The methods of historiography, objectivity, historical comparative analysis and historical sequence were mainly used in the theory and methodology of scientific research. Each topic has its own research methodology. The topic of research is of global significance. This is due to the fact that in the global situation, which worries mankind in the world, there are issues such as terrorism and extremism, as well as the prevention of the spread of dangerous weapons.

Russian scientist P.A. Tsygankov's book “Theory of International Relations” contains a number of information on the study of problems in the history of international relations. For example, it explains facts, phenomena and processes as an object of science, attracts the attention of scientists, attempts to identify stable and recurring relationships in their development, trends, prospects and opportunities for influence, economic, social, political and other military goals. One of the main tasks of science is to determine the application, to play an analytical role, to study the concepts and interstate relations in it [4].

K.-Zh.K. Tokayev, a well-known Kazakh politician, diplomat and public figure (now the President of Kazakhstan), wrote in his book “Belasu” that “This direction of Kazakhstan's diplomacy in the new geopolitical situation has become much more important. The First President of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev's initiative from the United Nations in 1992 became popular, first of all, as a result of the world community's understanding of the need to mobilize efforts to ensure peace and stability in a complex region such as Asia” [5]. It is known that the main focus should be on the theoretical and methodological issues of the historical study of the relationship between the Organization of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA). To do this, it is important to consider the documents of the time of multi-vector negotiations, to analyze them in terms of historical research and to study the relationship of states on theoretical and methodological principles, citing the works of experts and scholars on interstate relations.

Result and discussion

Indeed, if observe this complex situation between the states in the region at that time, the most important of them was the long-running territorial dispute between the nuclear powers such as India and Pakistan. The growing complexity of the case has led to large-scale massacres, economic collapse, environmental and natural disasters, large-scale clandestine drug trafficking involving many Asian countries, and unregulated, already difficult demographic situation. It is well-known that economic conflicts and disagreements, resulting in economic crises and economic decline, slowdown in social development in many countries, frequent droughts, and etc. have become a situation [6; 7]. And it was already clear what the end result of such tense situations would be. The impossibility of solving these difficult problems by one or more states has become an inescapable fact. Mankind is concerned that the current situation is becoming more and more complicated, and it is becoming a continental and global problem.

The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, N.A. Nazarbayev, addressed the roundtable of the United Nations (UN) Millennium Summit in New York on September 7, 2000, entitled “Issues of Peace, Security and Disarmament” wrote that “In this regard, it looks disappointing that a number of countries, including states in Asia, have not joined the main international agreements in the field of disarmament - the Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Prohibition Treaty, and the Chemical Weapons Convention”. The problem of destabilizing the accumulation of light types of weapons is of great concern [8; 9]. It has become one of the key issues of security and stability in a number of regions of the world, including Central Asia, taking into account the conflict in Afghanistan [10]. Shooting weapons are actively used by criminal and terrorist groups as the main means of carrying out violence in internal conflicts and exporting the idea of “Islamic purity” to Central Asia [11]. This problem is a significant measure of the ongoing war in Afghanistan. At the expense of the supply of armies in this region in the extension of the twelfth year with an extra year Afghanistan became one of the largest centers of concentration of unexplored weapons, which is illegally transferred to the Central Asia [12; 13].

In other words, over time, the need for joint action by all continental states to find a way out of such a precarious situation in Asia, which was deeply rooted in the late XX and early XXI centuries. It is because there was no joint international organization to ensure peace, stability, and stability on the continent. At the same time, it became necessary to establish such an authoritative international organization, which would cover most of the Asian countries. Increased competition in various areas between the developed countries of science and technology, the diversity of economic development, and other related negative phenomena are creating difficulties in the political and social spheres of the continent [14-17]. Here are some of them: N.A. Nazarbayev: “Military conflicts on our continent could kill tens of millions of people. We are all concerned about the conflict between India and Pakistan. We urge our neighbors to find a peaceful solution. It is also important for the region to resolve the Middle East conflict” [18].

If look at the real situation at the time, in fact: “The beginning of the XXI century has brought some changes in world politics to the issue of disarmament. It is clear that the testing of nuclear weapons by India and Pakistan in the late 1990s of XX century and their transformation into a nuclear-weapon state, and the pursuit of nuclear weapons by Iran and North Korea in the early 21^st century, are disturbing. At the same time, the main threat today is the threat of these catastrophic weapons falling into the hands of terrorists” [19]. In addition, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev at the VIII Summit of Turkicspeaking countries on April 26, 2001, in his speech said: “Certainly, special concern for all of us is the Afghan problem. Regardless of the strength of the world community and the international group in Afghanistan according to the formula “6+2”, the military-political crisis continues in this country” [20] and showed the scale of the situation on the continent.

His statement that emphasized the importance of resolving the situation quickly “But it would be politically naive to consider that the problem of security, as in Afghanistan itself, and in the Central Asian region is fully resolved. Here, unfortunately, there are more questions, but no answers. For example, the problem of drug distribution hasn't been solved, the largest world base of distribution remained in Afghanistan. The volume of drug trafficking did not decrease, and on the contrary, increased. This is a serious security challenge for the entire Asian continent. It is the subject of special attention to our states. Moreover, we do not have to close our eyes to the fact that on the Asian continent the scale of illegal trade is constantly increasing. Another dangerous consequence is the instability of the situation, especially in Afghanistan, the manifestation of new threats in our region has become such a phenomenon as illegal migration. Its growing scale is caused by its growing scale, its confrontation with such negative phenomena as drug trafficking, extremism, illegal arms trafficking” [20].

However, it has become clear that the only way to solve the problem, which is beyond the scope of the continent and is of global concern, is to establish an international structure such as the OSCE, which is part of Asia. That is why, from the first days of independence, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev has begun to announce at the global level ways to resolve this complex conflict peacefully. The President of Kazakhstan announced his important initiative to this end - the creation of an influential international organization that would include all the countries of the continent and call it the WIPO. The following is the purpose of the initiative that “The initiative of the Council for Mutual Assistance and Measures of Confidence in Asia was first announced by President N.A. Nazarbayev at a Summit in Helsinki (the meeting of the heads of state-participants of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) in 1992). In Ashgabat (August 1992), the President addressed this issue again in his speech at the 47^th session of the UNGA (October 1992) and in a speech before the representatives of the member countries of the North Atlantic Council (February 1993)” [21].

Speaking at the Civil Reception of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan in Lahore on February 26, 1992, the Kazakh leader said: “We support the development of friendly relations with all countries, regardless of their socio-economic approach, ideological orientation and religion. The basis of interaction with other states is the observance of the rights and freedoms of citizens, peoples and states. Kazakhstan has an important geopolitical position. As a bridge between Asia and Europe, the republic seeks to do everything possible to bring the peoples of the two continents closer. There are all the conditions to solve this problem. As for our policy in the Asian region, we will focus on economic cooperation, peace and stability, and ultimately the resolution of national conflicts in dangerous areas of the Asian continent. We cannot afford not to address other large-scale issues of concern to the rapidly developing world. This is the formation of new economic development, integration of the national economy, the development of science, the use of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes” [22]. Thus, it defined the role of Kazakhstan in the implementation of peaceful relations, understanding and economic cooperation between the countries of Central Asia and analyzes Kazakhstan's aspirations to maintain stability in the region [23; 24].

In his speech at the 47th session of the UNGA on October 5, 1992, N.A. Nazarbayev said that “The second area I would like to focus on is the situation of peace and security in our Asia, and more broadly, on the Eurasian continent. The issue is the proposal of the Republic of Kazakhstan to hold the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA). The establishment of a structure for security and cooperation in Asia, such as the CSCE in Europe, has long been mentioned on our continent, but is not widely supported yet” [25], thus he officially announced the concrete initiative of the Republic of Kazakhstan in this direction. “This proposal made by the Republic of Kazakhstan was supported not only by the UN - it was also supported by influential international organizations, such as the OSCE and the League of Arab States, which clarify the political situation on the continent” [24]. He initiated this “in a speech before the representatives of the member countries of the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (Brussels, February 1993, February 1993)” [27].

N.A. Nazarbayev said at the OSCE Summit that “We support the Eurasian step in our efforts to strengthen peace. It is based on the signs of civilized development. The implementation of these requirements will help to slow down the cold-blooded actions in some areas, which are approaching the outbreak of war. It is based on the developing civilizations of the states. Implementation of this requirement will actively work to reduce the risk of explosive situations in some areas. That is why we should not support the establishment of barriers between the OSCE and other structures in other regions in accordance with the requirements of common security. I believe that the tasks of the OSCE in the field of security will become more important not only in Europe, but also in the implementation of relations with regional organizations. This is very important for our country. That is why Kazakhstan is the initiator of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA)” [28]. The need for such an intergovernmental organization was reiterated. “As the Russian foreign policy media, which often monitors the development of world international politics, writes: Interaction in international politics and a sincere desire for mutual understanding, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev made a recent speech in Geneva. In particular, it is dedicated to the interests and aspirations of world politics in the XXI century” [29].

After the preliminary preparations and the implemented agreements: In accordance with the decrees of the President, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs failed in March 1993 the 1st meeting of experts of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Representatives of 10 countries (Azerbaizhan, India, Iran, China, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkey) and two international organizations - the UN and the World Trade Organization (WTO) - took part in the meeting. Diplomats from Japan, Indonesia and Thailand attended the meeting as observers. The work of the first meeting of experts was marked by the high activity of the participants, the judges who have unofficial statements, in accordance with the instructions of their leadership on the support of the initiative of the President of Kazakhstan. N.A. Nazarbayev noted the need for a general dialogue between the countries of Asia and the necessary conditions for a balanced and constructive approach to the problems of the region. August 30 - September 1, 1993 the 2nd meeting of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was attended by representatives of 17 countries (Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Vietnam, India, Iran, Israel, China, North Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Palestine, Pakistan, Russia, Syria, Tazhikistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan) and 4 international organizations (UN, CSCE, League of Arab States and Organization of the Islamic Conference). Australia, Cambodia, South Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, Turkmenistan and Japan attended the meeting as observers.

The main result of the 2nd meeting was a decision on the need to create a special working group (SWG) in preparation for the meeting of the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs. Analyzing the results of the two previous meetings of experts and the whole idea of CICA, one can make the following conclusions and remarks: Kazakhstan's initiatives to create an Asian security system are timely and provide support to a number of Asian states and international organizations (UN, CSCE, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), League of Arab States (LAS), etc.). China wholeheartedly supports the idea of CICA, which expressed its participation in the work of the SWG. Together with that, the Chinese side considers that the process is an initiative of Kazakhstan and the establishment of a complete security system in Asia will be long-term, because between Asian states there are differences in the field of politics, economic development and so on. A long period is required for the development of common approaches in the country of Asia in this issue at different levels. The creation of the SWG is already making great progress, so at the present stage, the Chinese note that it is necessary to carry out constructive work within the SWG. The final statement of the participants of the meeting, in which the agreed position is expressed in relation to the main goals and practical steps in preparation for the formation of the CICA at the level of foreign ministers (as a result of the second meeting on August 17, 1993) [30].

In his interview to the editor-in-chief of the 1993 newspaper “Kazakhstan Diplomacy” U. Esdaulet, N.A. Nazarbayev said that “It is worth noting that the number of participants in the second meeting of experts has increased. 25 countries and 4 international organizations took part. The first March meeting was attended by 14 countries and 2 international organizations. The participants of the meeting adopted a report on the preparations for the forthcoming meeting of the Council for Cooperation and Cooperation Measures in Asia at the level of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. As the main directions of the Council of Asia are to maintain security, stability and peace in the region, to establish economic and environmental cooperation, to jointly protect and develop the great cultural heritage and traditions of ancient times, each member state caresses each other's sovereignty, violence and threats. refuses to interfere in each other's internal affairs” [31].

In general, “the establishment of the CICA required long diplomatic training. For ten years, the flow of necessary documents, the positions of the states wishing to participate have been determined. During these years, the special working group held nine meetings and prepared the main documents “Rules of Procedure of CICA”, “Declaration of the Principles of Relations of Member States of CICA”, “Structures and institutions of CICA” [19]. Many countries of the Asian continent have expressed their desire for the establishment and functioning of the CICA and began to take an active part in its meetings. For example, a statement was issued stating that China actively supports the convening of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA). Our side expressed satisfaction with the decision of the People's Republic of China to declare a moratorium on nuclear tests” [32].

However, some countries on the continent have developed their own views on the work of the CICA. For example: “China wholeheartedly supports the idea of CICA, which was expressed in its participation in the work of the Special Work Group (SWG). Together with that, the Chinese side considers that the process is an initiative of Kazakhstan the establishment of a complete security system in Asia will be long-term, because between Asian states there are differences in the field of politics, economic development and so on. A long period is required for the development of common approaches in the country of Asia in this issue at different levels. The creation of the SWG is already making great progress, so at the present stage; the Chinese note that it is necessary to carry out constructive work within the framework of the SWG” [33]. The official data show that the creation of CICA was not easy.

And the next largest country in Asia supported the birth of a new political organization on the continent. In particular, in the official publication of that time, “The Indian side supports the initiative of President Nursultan Nazarbayev on the establishment of the Council for Mutual Assistance and Cooperation Measures in Asia (CICA) and participated in all its meetings” [34]. Among such states, “Japan's participation in the preparation process for the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is an important factor in the implementation of the initiative of President Nursultan Nazarbayev to create an effective system of interaction in Asia. At the present time, the Japanese side confirms its support of Kazakhstan and takes part in the work of CICA as an observer. Turkey was one of the first countries that unequivocally supported the initiative of Kazakhstan on the establishment of the Council for Mutual Assistance and Cooperation Measures in Asia (CICA). It fully relates to the aspirations of Kazakhstan to create structures in the Eurasian space that provide additional security and a level of confidence for all participants in the process” [35].

At the same time, other continental countries began to pay attention to the work of CICA. For example, Ukraine is interested in the work of this political organization. In particular, “the next practical result of active cooperation between the foreign ministries of the two countries was the decision of Ukraine to participate in the activities of the CICA as an observer and expand bilateral ties at various levels of culture and education, military training” [36]. About the first concrete steps of the Kazakh leader in the implementation of peace and understanding in Asia, the Russian state official publication said that “In one of his post-Lisbon interviews, N.A. Nazarbayev stated that “Every second speaker at the summit spoke about Eurasia. It is known that if we talk about security from Vancouver to the East, we are talking about all of Europe and all of Asia. My initiative was successfully accepted by everyone” [37].

During this period, the CICA began to hold meetings and consultations at various levels to ensure the implementation of lasting peaceful relations and mutual understanding between the states and peoples of the Asian continent. For example, in 1999, at a meeting of the CICA with the participation of foreign ministers, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev said that “To date, there have been long discussions to compare opinions and come to an agreement. The decision of the experts of our countries was not immediately implemented. There were deep disagreements, especially over disarmament and arms control, non-interference in internal affairs, and moral standards. It is impossible to immediately identify such complex issues and find a quick solution. It is known that the results of the work on the establishment of CICA depend on the successful work from simple to complex. We must first focus on issues that are important to all of us, and then move on to controversial issues. The Declaration you are about to sign is the result of the continuous work of diplomats from many countries. These are the agreed proposals of the Asian states to realize the need for our countries and peoples to build a safer world. This meeting of the heads of the foreign ministries of the CICA member states and the preparation of the Declaration is, I believe, a milestone in the foreign policy of independent Kazakhstan. This forum is a bold aspiration and good initiative of Asian countries. I am confident that we will successfully go through this difficult path of building a future Asia on the path to stability, security and prosperity” thus he analyzed and emphasized its importance [38].

With the beginning of the XXI century, there is a growing need to strengthen the stability and understanding between Asian nations and peoples around the world. It is known that the contradictions in economic development, the rise of international terrorism to a new level, the intensification of destructive activities, and so on. In his speech at the round table “Questions of Peace, Security and Disarmament” organized by the President of Kazakhstan on September 7, 2000 in New York within the framework of the UN Millennium Summit, he said that “In this connection there is a disturbing fact that a number of countries, including until now, they have not joined the main international agreements in the field of disarmament - the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Treaty on the Universal Prohibition of Nuclear Testing, the Convention on Nuclear Testing. The problem of destabilizing the accumulation of light types of weapons is of great concern. It has become one of the key issues of security and stability in a number of regions of the world, including Central Asia, taking into account the conflict in Afghanistan and the process of post-conflict rehabilitation in the Republic of Tazhikistan” [39], thus passed the importance of future work in this direction. And in his speech at the I Summit of the CICA on June 4, 2002 he said that “Developing at a rapid pace and the economy of the state, participating in the work of this meeting. Our state demonstrates a high level of investment from other country. China alone could attract more than $ 450 billion in investment from other country by the year of reform. Good investment opportunities demonstrate the Russian and Indian markets, other states in the region. Kazakhstan has impeccable position. We call on all participants in the CICA process to show restraint and responsibility in mutual relations to avoid large-scale conflicts, escalation of tensions in Asia. Military conflicts on our continent are fraught with tens of millions of human casualties. We are all concerned about the conflict between India and Pakistan. We want our neighbors to find a peaceful solution to the problem. It is important for the region and the resolution of the Middle East settlement” [18].

At the III Meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the CICA member states, held on August 25, 2008 in Almaty, the President of Kazakhstan said that “Presently, all major states are aware of the need to unite their forces with their neighbors in the region. Conscious collective responsibility for development, we call on our partners to work together in the framework of the “Cooperative Approach” in economic measurement. Important directions within the framework of CICA are the development and strengthening of cooperation in the field of culture, interethnic and interfaith interaction” [18], - commented. Along with this, N.A. Nazarbayev in his report at the morning session of the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington on April 13, 2010, “National measures to reduce the threat of nuclear terrorism and ensure the safety of nuclear material” said that “We consider it necessary to adopt international legal norms for nuclear-free zones. We support the formation of new nuclear-free zones, including in the Middle East. Kazakhstan has initiated the development of a regional action plan to strengthen nuclear safety, prevent the proliferation of nuclear materials and combat nuclear terrorism within the Central Asian zone. It would be purposeful to disseminate this experience and to other regions of the world” [40], and published its proposals against nuclear weapons in the Asian region.

And in his next speech at the OSCE Summit in Astana on December 1, 2010, he marked that “Currently we need an honest and open inter-religious dialogue” [41]. Attention was drawn to the need to resolve the difficult situation in this area on the Asian continent. On May 20-21, 2014, the 4^th Summit of the WTO was held in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. The presidency of the Council passed from Turkey to China. Qatar and Bangladesh have joined CICA. The final document adopted at the summit - the Declaration “Strengthening Dialogue, Confidence and Coordination of Stability and Cooperation in the New Asia” clearly showed that the work under the Chinese chairmanship is aimed at enhancing mutual trust and respect [26].

President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N.A. Nazarbayev speaking at a joint press conference after the Summit on May 21, said that “The next summit under the chairmanship of the People's Republic of China has once again demonstrated the unity of our goals. He showed the commitment of the member states of the CICA to further deepen the dialogue. The borders of our Forum cover a large part of the territory of the Asian continent and its population. He is sure that the Forum space will be and continue to expand at the expense of the entry of new members who wish to contribute to ensuring safety and stability. In particular, active and productive work in military-political, economic-ecological and human measurements are being held. Currently they signed a Memorandum of Understanding between CICA and Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). In this connection, I call on the leaders of states-members of our Forum - not to postpone the creation of a tool for collective response to regional and global challenges once again. This will be a historic step towards the sustainable development of our country and the prosperity of their peoples” he informed [42].

Nowadays, the organization is a platform for effective communication and decision-making. In particular, from 1999 to 2016, five meetings of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the member states were held and relevant decisions were made in connection with the work of the organization. From 2002 to 2014, four CICA Summits were organized with the participation of heads of state, where joint proposals for the preservation and establishment of peace in the region and the world in the XXI century were made, and ways to implement them were discussed. Currently, this Asian political organization includes 27 countries; eight of them participate as observers on a regular basis. In September 2020, Kazakhstan took over the chairmanship of CICA.

Conclusions

In conclusion, as can be seen from the above analysis, this political organization, which has been involved in the work of most Asian countries since its inception, contributes to the settlement of tensions in the region through mutual understanding, understanding and peace. This underscores the need to continue to implement the decisions of the CICA. Presently, the whole world knows that the Republic of Kazakhstan and its first president initiated the creation and functioning of such a political organization on the Asian continent, which is guided by the requirements of mutual cooperation in the development of economic, cultural and other areas, the resolution of conflict and conflict situations between the world and regional states through peaceful agreements on the basis of mutually intelligible discussions.

Analyzing the purpose of the CICA and the importance of its work, the following recommendations can be made to increase its effectiveness:

- to achieve the main focus of the member states on the implementation of the recommendations and decisions of the meetings of the CICA in various contexts;

- to establish a special executive body to address the organization of financial, medical and social assistance to prevent the consequences of terrorism, armed conflict, environmental and other consequences of the Council member states in some countries of the Asian continent;

- to provide the measures to promote and implement cooperation in the field of education, science, culture and economic development systematically;

- to carry out joint actions to address the issue of internal and external migration between the countries of the continent;

When such other important measures are systematically included in the activities of the CICA, it can be assumed that the real influence of this international organization in ensuring peace and prosperity on the continent will increase and its future will be further defined. 

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