Potential of postcommunist countries of the Mediterranean
The demographic, social, and political development of Albania, Croatia and Slovenia. The features of Albania and the factors that influenced the development of demographic potential. The problems and reforms to solve demographic and social issues.
| Рубрика | Международные отношения и мировая экономика |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 22.07.2023 |
| Размер файла | 15,3 K |
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Odesa I.I. Mechnikov National University
POTENTIAL OF POSTCOMMUNIST COUNTRIES OF THE MEDITERRANEAN
Usatyuk Kristina 1st Year of Master degree,
International Relations Department
In the demographic, social, and political development, the post-communist countries of the Mediterranean, such as Albania, Croatia, and Slovenia, have come on a long and worthy path of transformation from one system of functioning to another. This path was unique for each state, but it also created a certain similarity -- the emergence of freedom and liberalization, the opportunity to make their own choice and develop in their own special direction.
In the path of the demographic potential of the countries, we can note the features of Albania and the factors that influenced the development of this sector -- freedom of movement within the prefectures of Albania after the end of the rule of the communist regime, which caused internal migration of the population, the conflict in Kosovo in 1999, which led to the resettlement of Kosovo Albanians directly to Albania and Macedonia, and the current situation, which characterizes the population of Albania as a young type, with a large working-age population that far exceeds the number of people over 64 years old. Croatia faced the problems of population decline, the emigration of young people and the working population, as well as the active aging of the nation, which leads to the impossibility of developing the social sphere and paying decent pensions. Slovenia is also on the brink of a demographic crisis because this country also has a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in the number of elderly people. But migration processes have a positive effect on the demography of Slovenia because the absence of this trend would lead to a reduction in the working population.
In the social sphere in Albania, there are problems with health care, the weaknesses of which were identified during the coronavirus pandemic in the inability of the government to purchase the required amount of vaccines; education funding, and the lack of government support for distance learning, which left a huge gap in the education of an entire generation; a gap between rich and poor people. Croatia worthily continues its fight against the outflow of the young population, placing stakes in social policy on this segment of the population- support for youth in employment, creation of decent living conditions in all parts of the country (including in rural areas), assistance in finding employment for people with disabilities, encouraging the hiring of young employees, the active development of social life. Slovenia has succeeded in finding employment for women and women with children, which is very important in the social sphere since it is difficult for these segments of the population to find a job. But the country is facing problems in higher education because a large number of young people refuse to continue their studies and in the health sector, linked to bald spots in health insurance and corruption. demographic albania croatia slovenia
In the economic path, Albania, Croatia, and Slovenia faced virtually the same problems that affected their development -- the coronavirus pandemic, and the war in Ukraine. Albanian economy has started to recover very actively after the consequences of the pandemic -- the tourism sector of the economy and foreign investment began to develop. But the energy crisis and the looming food crisis have led to a rapid rise in prices and deterioration in economic development. Slovenia has its own trump cards in the economic potential -- membership in the Eurozone, diversification (i.e. expanding the range of products) in all areas of production, and integration into the European production chain. Croatian economy has significant economic potential -- the country has a long coastline (ports and tourism), the potential for active oil and gas production (less depending on the energy situation in the world), country's accession to ERM II, highly developed infrastructure (it helps to develop trade and transport large volumes of goods).
The post-communist countries have great demographic and socio-economic potential, but the governments pay attention to the existing problems and carry out appropriate reforms to solve them.
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