Ukraine in international indexes of information society development

Independent mass media are essential for information society as they provide the public with varied sources of information.

Press Freedom Index, published annually by international non-governmental organization Reporters without Borders, tracks the level of press freedom in 180 countries. Every country is evaluated using five contextual indicators: political context (the degree of support and respect for media autonomy by public authorities), legal framework, economic context (economic constraints for journalists), sociocultural context (social and cultural constraints, imposed on journalists) and journalists' safety.

In 2022 Ukraine ranks 106^th and falls into the group of countries with problematic situation. Ukraine has good score for legislation (79,45 points, 36^th rank) and very low score for journalists' safety (18,84 points, 165^th rank) [Press Freedom Index, 2022].

The development of information society is impossible without research and innovations. The innovation capabilities of countries are presented in Global Innovation Index (GII). This index consists of 80 indicators, grouped into innovation inputs (institutions, human capital and research, market and business sophistication) and outputs (knowledge and technology outputs, creative outputs) [Global Innovation Index, 2022]. information society international index

In 2022 Ukraine ranks 57^th out of 131 countries. Ukraine performs better in innovation outputs (48^th rank) than innovation inputs (75^th rank). Ukraine performs best in Knowledge and technology outputs (36^th rank) and its weakest performance is in Market sophistication (102^nd rank).

Among the 36 lower middle-income group economies Ukraine ranks 4^th. Ukraine performs above the lower-middle-income group average in six pillars: Institutions; Human capital and research; Infrastructure; Business sophistication; Knowledge and technology outputs; Creative outputs. In general, as a country of lower middle-income group Ukraine performs above expectation on innovation relative to its level of economic development [Global Innovation Index: Ukraine, 2022].

The widespread use of ICT created new challenges and threats for countries, such as unauthorized access to computers, malicious software, phishing scams, wireless network attacks, DoS attacks, etc. Therefore, the cybersecurity became indespensible component of information society.

The Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI), published by ITU, assesses the level of cybersecurity in 182 countries. The evaluation is based on five pillars: legal measures (laws and regulations on cybercrime and cybersecurity); technical measures (implementation of technical capabilities through national and sector-specific agencies); organizational measures (national strategies and organizations implementing cybersecurity); capacity development measures (awareness campaigns, training, education, etc.); cooperation measures (partnerships between agencies, firms, and countries).

According to Global Cybersecurity Index, in 2020 Ukraine ranked 78^th with overall score 65,93. Among european countries Ukraine ranked 39^th. The GCI shows that Ukraine has rather strong position in legal measures (17.46 points out of 20) and weak position in capacity development (10.94 out of 20) and technical measures (11.60 out of 20) [Global Cybersecurity Index, 2020].

Another index of cyber security, National Cybersecurity Index (NCSI), developed by e- Governance Academy Foundation (Estonia), measures the readiness of 175 countries to address cyberthreats and to manage cyber incidents. This index helps countries to identify risks and weaknesses in the cyber security system, and to take effective measures to protect themselves from cyber threats.

The NCSI focuses on measurable aspects of cyber security implemented by the central government: cyber security capacities, policies, legislation, established units, coopeartion formats, etc.

According to NCSI, in 2021 Ukraine ranked 24^th with the score 75,32 out of 100. Ukraine has the highest scores in cyber seciruty policy development, protection of essential services, e- identification, protection of personal data and fight against cybecrime. The areas of relative weakness are cyber incident response, crisis management and protection of digital services [National Cybersecurity Index, 2022].

Ukraine's ranks in all above-mentioned international indices are presented in the form of a diagram, ranging from the maximum score to the minimum.

Conclusions

If we were to download the information society to Ukraine, as we download a file to a computer, we could see a phrase like "more than 50% of the information society has been downloaded" and this is a very encouraging indicator. The study of Ukraine's position in the international rankings of information society development shows that Ukraine is actively developing toward information society. The country has rather strong positions in the access to open data, cyber security and e-government. The number of Internet users and the number of connected households is constantly increasing. Ukraine pays considerable attention to the education, including digital literacy and trainings on the use of ICT.

Although Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine has a serious impact on the development of information society in Ukraine, its consequences are not catastrophic for our country, but it rather becomes a challenge to intensify efforts for the development of information society. In such difficult situation the ICTs are very helpful for ukrainian government as they allow to provide citizens with reliable information, to counter russian propaganda and disinformation as well as to track and promptly respond to emergencies.

References

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