Strategic objectives of the transformation of food systems in Ukraine: methodical principles and practical approaches of adaptation to the EU common agricultural policy

The achievement of the general objectives of EU CAP shall be pursued through the following specific objectives [15]:

1) to support viable farm income and resilience of the agricultural sector across the Union in order to enhance long-term food security and agricultural diversity as well as to ensure the economic sustainability of agricultural production in the Union;

2) to enhance market orientation and increase farm competitiveness both in the short and long term, including greater focus on research, technology and digitalisation;

3) to improve the farmers' position in the value chain;

4) to contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation, including by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing carbon sequestration, as well as to promote sustainable energy;

5) to foster sustainable development and efficient management of natural resources such as water, soil and air, including by reducing chemical dependency;

6) to contribute to halting and reversing biodiversity loss, enhance ecosystem services and preserve habitats and landscapes;

7) to attract and sustain young farmers and new farmers and facilitate sustainable business development in rural areas;

8) to promote employment, growth, gender equality, including the participation of women in farming, social inclusion and local development in rural areas, including the circular bioeconomy and sustainable forestry;

9) to improve the response of Union agriculture to societal demands on food and health, including high-quality, safe and nutritious food produced in a sustainable way, to reduce food waste, as well as to improve animal welfare and to combat antimicrobial resistance;

10) and for all objectives must complemented and interconnected with the cross-cutting objective of modernising agriculture and rural areas by fostering and sharing of knowledge, innovation and digitalisation in agriculture and rural areas and by encouraging their uptake by farmers, through improved access to research, innovation, knowledge exchange and training.

The new CAP is related to the European Green Deal and "From Farm to Fork" strategy, which determine the goals, measures and indicators of monitoring the development of agriculture and rural areas. These goals are mandatory for EU member states. The EU expects the candidate countries to bring their national strategies into line with the requirements of these strategies.

The European Green Deal to make the EU climate neutral by 2050 and make Europe the first climate neutral continent and involves the inclusion of sustainable development in all areas of EU policy and the separation of economic growth from the use of resources [16].

The Commission also adopted a Regulation providing a common framework for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the EU CAP. The decision also sets out clear rules on the detailed information that Member States will need to collect for impact assessments.

Based on current legal acts, previous and current strategic documents, the national strategy should outline the vision of the development of the agricultural sector in Ukraine in accordance with the format of the National Strategic Plans within the framework of the new EU CAP, which are developed by the ministries of agriculture of the EU member states. It is this approach that will contribute to understanding, dialogue and harmonization of Ukrainian agrarian policy with EU requirements.

The important objectives of such a strategy in Ukraine, taking into account the EU CAP, should be defined as ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas and creating favorable conditions for the formation of a competitive, sustainable and diversified agricultural sector that ensures long-term food security, strengthening environmental protection, including biodiversity, mitigation consequences of climate change, strengthening the socioeconomic structure of rural areas.

Monitoring and evaluation of the results of the implementation of the strategy should be carried out by the body responsible for the formation and implementation of the agrarian policy, other interested central bodies of the executive power with the participation of civil society institutions and international organizations.

In order to implement the strategy, an operational plan of measures must be approved, which must contain clear and consistent measures aimed at achieving the goals of the strategy. In such an operational plan of measures, it is necessary to provide tasks and measures to achieve the strategic goals of the strategy, in particular, regarding the transformation of food systems.

Financing of the strategy should be carried out at the expense and within the limits of the funds of the state and local budgets approved for the relevant year, funds that will be provided as part of financial assistance, as well as other sources not prohibited by law.

The volume of expenditures for the implementation of the strategy should be determined every year during the drafting of state and local budgets for the corresponding year, taking into account their real capabilities.

Public financial support should be provided to food producers who comply with the requirements of legislation and regulations relating to such specific areas, in particular, climate change and the environment, including water, soil and ecosystem biodiversity, public health, plant health and animal welfare. In case of violation of the requirements of the legislation and regulations related to the specified areas, the funds of the provided financial support should be subject to administrative collection.

The development of a national strategy for the development of the agricultural sector and the determination of strategic goals for the transformation of food systems in Ukraine is an urgent task of adapting agricultural policy to the requirements of the EU CAP and an important measure for restoring the capacity and increasing Ukraine's contribution to achieving the UN's 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

Conclusions

The methodical principles and practical approaches of forming the strategic goals of agricultural policy for food transformation are based on legislative provisions and a set of measures in accordance with the requirements of the Decrees of the President of Ukraine "On the Sustainable Development Goals of Ukraine for the period until 2030", which corresponds to the similar UN Resolution, and "Issues of National Priorities transformation of food systems in Ukraine", and "On the decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine dated October 9, 2023 "On the state of ensuring food security" and the provisions of the Association Agreement and the establishment of a free trade zone between Ukraine and the European Union, maximum adaptation of agricultural policy to European, compliance with the principles and rules of the WTO and other international organizations.

The implementation of the transformation of food systems is aimed at increasing the specific weight of goods with high added value, improvement instruments of supporting food producers at the state level, improving the safety and quality of food products, ensuring the ability to fully feed the population, maximality providing the domestic market with agricultural raw materials and food products of our own production. In the same time, increasing the efficiency of the use of raw materials, energy and other resources should become the main directions of agrarian policy, supported by modern scientific research and innovative developments, transmitted through an effective system of dissemination of knowledge and innovations.

It is necessary to study and to take into account the available world experience and decide in what way and to what extent state intervention and development support programs can be used with maximum effectiveness for the agrarian sector and consumers.

The main objective of the transformation of food systems for Ukraine is to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas and create favorable conditions for the formation of a competitive, sustainable and diversified agricultural sector that ensures longterm food security, strengthening the protection of the environment, including biodiversity, mitigating the effects of climate change, strengthening socio-economic structure of rural areas.

References

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