Mass Media. Television

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THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FGBOU VPO "Ural state University of Economics"

Report about

"Mass Media. Television"

Creator: Shirokov. D. V.

Group EMA-14

Checked: Renewa.Y. A.

Ekaterinburg 2014

Contents

Introduction

1. History of

2. Pros and cons of television

3. Interesting facts about the history of television.

Conclusion

Introduction

Mass media play an important role in the life of society. They inform, educate and entertain people. They also influence the way people look at the world and make them change their views. Mass media would from public opinion. Millions of people in the spare time watch TV and read newspapers. Of all the types of media I am most interested in TV. Because television is the most popular media in the world.

The main objectives of the essay were:

· the study of the history of television;

· Find the advantages and disadvantages;

· Find interesting facts about the history of television;

· The answer to the question "Will televidinie save the leader in the media?".

1. History of creation

television mass media

On the creation of television work different people at different times. The basis for it was the discovery of Willoughby Smith - the photoelectric effect in selenium. This happened in 1873.

Then, in 1884, invented by Paul Gottlieb Nipkow scanning disk. This event has helped the development of mechanical television, which were popular before the war (before WWII).

In 1925, John Baird (UK), Charles Jenkinson (USA), IA Adamyan and LS Terman, separately from each other (USSR), systems have been developed that are based, and was just scanning Nipkow disk .

At the beginning of the XX century were many attempts to transfer images over a distance. This problem is a huge number of scientists around the world.

In 1906-1907 -Max Diekmann, in collaboration with G. vb, registered patents in order to use the handset Brown to transfer images from a distance and successfully demonstrated the receiver to the screen in 20 rows, the size of 3x3 cm. Its frequency sweep was 10 frames / sec.

Now, we use electronic television. This was made possible thanks to Professor Petersburg Technological University Boris Rosing. He patented the electrical transmission of images and successfully implemented his idea into practice May 9, 1911. However, the image while it was still moving.

Breakthrough in this direction was the invention of television "iconoscope" Vladimir Zvorykin in 1923. This invention is an electronic transmitting television tube. It will produce televisions massively. The tube was patented by scientists Semyon Kataev in 1931, and the first to build a real working unit in the Soviet Union succeeded in 1934. The inventor himself "Ike" was able to achieve a year earlier.

On July 26, 1928 has become a landmark in the history of the world of television - the first time was made on the transmission distance of a moving image using electro-ray tube. Inventors Boris Grabowski and JF Belyanskiy could invent a device called a "telephoto". Patented "telephoto" scientists Grabowski, Piskunov and Popov.

The very first television station in the world, aired was the Chicago station WCFL. Its owner and creator, Ulysses Sanabria June 12, 1928 was able to transmit sound and images on the same wavelength range. To transmit video WCFL was used station, and the sound has the same support which was provided by the radio station WIBO.

It was a real breakthrough in the history of mankind. However, a constant broadcast was far away. Only in 1934, in Germany, were introduced permanent transfer. It was a black-and-white television. In 1936 Berlin Olympics broadcasting conducted live via one of the first cameras «Olympia-Kanone».

At hat time, mechanical television was still struggling with electric. However, it was gradually takeing their positions.

As strange as it sounds to the ear of modern man. The creators of the first television stations have come to the conclusion that the record can help extend the range of the Broadcast Distribution. Then a radius of influence VHF - waves was very malza due to its straightness. Recording a program could be delivered to one of the TV stations, remote from the scene. And from there - to the viewers.

Here is such a long and thorny path of development had to go to scientists to give us the opportunity to be at the center of some events from the comfort of home.

2. Pros and cons of television

Television is the easiest in terms of perception, as mimics natural human communication, creates a "presence effect" in real time. This gives the impact of television with nothing comparable to the emotional power. If you press and radio are guided by the cognitive abilities of people, the TV turned to their emotional susceptibility. In view of this amazing convincingly characterized teletransmission; in the television audience almost always present principle: "I have seen - so it's true!". Television also has certain drawbacks: it is not as quickly as the radio, technically teletransmission more complex and financially - more expensive, emotional state television comes at the expense of their comprehension.

However, television is not just virtues outweigh its disadvantages - they make it mainstream media in today's world.

3. Interesting facts about the history of television

At the beginning of the television era in the United States there was such a funny thing. One company in advertising on television has shown a very clear image of a cockroach. After that two people have sued this company as pitched their televisions, trying to kill the insect crawling across the screen.

The first mass Soviet television called KVN-49. 49 because it was created in 1949. A Drink - surnames developers: Kenigson, Warsaw, Nicholas. Witty people deciphered differently: "I bought - included - does not work."

The first mass American TV RCA had a screen size of 5 to 10 inches and cost $ 199. However, the owners of this "box" should have included both with him and the radio, because in itself this TV was no sound.

The greatest amount of time watching television, according to statistics, the Japanese spend. The average citizen of Japan watches TV up to 9 hours a day.

Popular American TV host Johnny Carson in 1973 in his show live joked that the crisis in the country of production of toilet paper and that its stocks in stores are rapidly declining. This triggered a real shortage of toilet paper - although Carson apologized the next day, it was too late. The acute shortage of products on sale felt another three weeks.

December 31, 1986 the German TV station ARD by mistake last year's New Year's speech showed the Chancellor Helmut Kohl.

In late 1991, with New Year's address to the nation was a complete mess. Gorbachev was formally president of the USSR, but it does not solve anything, and Yeltsin also failed to congratulate for unknown reasons. Honorable role was offered to Mikhail Zadornov, who was the leading "blue fire". Satirist performed live and so carried away that spoke for a minute longer. For him arrested chiming clock. And it happens).

In Finland, in 1980, banned for showing us all Soviet and favorite cartoon "Well, wait!". It was motivated by the fact that this cartoon is excessive cruelty, because the main character hare, a real sadist who created all the time Wolf painful situations.

Until the 1970s, all of the programs and the transmission went on the air, because at that time there was no such video recording technology, as it is now. Poor driving and speakers - because if they make a mistake, the whole country saw it.

The occurrence of the phrase "soap opera" appeared in 1930, when the American radio series were serialized with tearful scenes, which are mostly listened to housewives and their sponsors were manufacturers of soaps and detergents, and here's a clue where the quote.

Conclusion

The history of television was considered in this report. It includes nearly 150 years of research, a lot of famous names and a number of important dates for science. Were considered the pros and cons television. The same response was received to the question whether television maintain its popularity in the era of computerization. It turned out that, yes, by combining television and the Internet and the use of new IP technologies, television for a long time, millions of people will gather at the TV screen.

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