Caucasus Islamic Army in the Turkish Press (1918-1920 years)

Results of the First World War, the Russian revolutionary events that took place in 1917 led to changes in military- political situation in the South Caucasus. Russia's use of weakening the desire to build an independent state in the South Caucasus, a positive approach to the Muslim population of the Ottoman Turkish government in the region has expanded the capabilities of its military-political. In the spring of 1918, Soviet Bolshevik-Dashnak forces in Baku, Baku, Yerevan, Gandja, as well as the atrocities of Armenians in Anatolia, Turkey forced a flexible military and political walks. It should be noted that the establishment of direct contacts with the government of the Ottoman Empire, it is not yet requested military assistance during the First World War was being discussed in political circles in Azerbaijan. But in the current circumstances it was impossible to carry out in practice [3, p. 28-170; 4, p. 68-86].

In particular, after the massacre of the Muslim population has increased the number of supporters of Turkey's request for military assistance. As a result of the military-political processes in Batumi on June 4, 1918, between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Azerbaijan signed a friendship agreement was a legal basis for military cooperation between the two countries. According to the fourth paragraph of the agreement, the Ottoman government pledged to provide military assistance to Azerbaijan. Thus, the liberation of the Republic of Azerbaijan in Baku Bolshevik-Dashnak Karabakh Armenian aggression and ultimately the protection of the territorial integrity of the country was the establishment of a legal and diplomatic framework. Thus, the professional staff of the Turkish army, the national-military forces and the local population was Caucasian Islamic Army of organized volunteer groups.

Russia's media center, which is published in the Bolshevik, work and Dashnak media, Georgian newspapers clearly reluctant to participate in the Army during the Battle of the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan, was created among the population a negative mood. Meanwhile, the «Pravda», «Baku Worker», «Bakinskoqo Soviet Izvestia», «Nasha Vremya», «Tifliskiy listok», «Znamya truda», «Georgia», «Borba», «Baku board Akhbaris», «Himmat» «the Farmer» was especially active in the Caucasus Islamic Army military and political objectives of the movement is to distort the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan ugrundaki linked with the policy of occupation, war, Turkish-German bloc. This type of legal rights of the people of newspapers, an independent state does not accept the request, Tbilisi and Yelezavetpol lord's war for territorial integrity, and national politicians, the businessmen called political game.

Bolshevik Russia, Georgian mensheviks, Dashnak propaganda war for the independence of the Turkish media outlet in contrast, supports the struggle for territorial integrity, the prisoners away from each other for support and promotion of religious and ideological blood brothers trying to show just cause.

Turkish «Fine-Efkar» newspaper of the Army's support for the struggle for the independence of this kind was presented briefly: «Turkey's desire to only their brethren, Caucasian Turks to unite to rescue them from slavery» [8, June 6, 1918].

Ethnic Azerbaijanis in the Caucasus, Turkish and Islamic Ummah soy-roots perspective that promotes the Ottoman army in the Turkish media and political processes in the history of religion and blood brothers wore military assistance, «the overthrow of the Tsarist Russia crushed under the boots of the sweater until the time of the Turkish nation to justify its existence in Russia dropped from the show. In other areas, more terrible atrocities during tsar silenced the voice of the Turkish Ottoman armies in the Caucasus region and the increased influence was felt a little bit later. The South Caucasus republic in the form of a confederation before the end, divided into three groups and the Turks won independence» [7, 8 September, 1918].

«Tan» newspaper «the Turks», the article had just gained its independence cizaraq young Azerbaijani Republic, a map of words, history is a digression, informed readers about the new state. Language, customs and traditions in the Eastern Anatolia, a similar account of the author's attention to the many historical, political and geographical facts, by giving priority writes: «Azerbaijan, which existed before the war, according to the region, one of Iran's northern provinces of the country, they said. However, this is not just made up of South Azerbaijan. In addition, the Araz River north of Yerevan, Ganja, Baku and Derbent cities in the provinces, there is also a region Garayazi pile of pins, as it was in Northern Azerbaijan. According to the Aras River, say that just because the river. The river divides the country into two parts, the North and South» [7, 8 September, 1918].

On June 11, 1918, from Ganja, Turkey's 3rd goal in the 5th leading infantry regiment of the army of professional soldiers, National Muslim Corps volunteers formed the unity of the military forces of the Caucasian Islamic Army of Soviet Russia of Goychay Dashnak-Bolshevik units bitter defeat has stirred.

Turkey, an ally of diplomatic negotiations with Germany trying to stop the movement of the Caucasian Islamic Army of Soviet Russia depended on the fate of the Baku oil. In this respect, the secret negotiations with the Germans Brest Caucasian Islamic Army of Soviet Russia in the South Caucasus should withdraw from the Germans, who had promised the previous quarter. Although Allied blackmail Germany, Turkey, the Caucasus Islamic Army back to the Ottoman army would withdraw its military contingent in case he declared. The tension between Germany and Turkey were published in Turkish newspapers widely statements. «Tan» and «Caucasus issue», an article in the leading German politicians in Turkey is a kind of response to those who are considered to be unnecessary. The author notes that, Trabzon and Batum was taken on the basis of pre-conferences held in Turkey, an ally of Germany: «Therefore, in the same way that Turkey has the right to fully participate in the military- political processes. German government contracts, dealsBrest during his visit to Turkey for the failure of the alliance's policy in the Caucasus to the EDD cannot be honest» [7, 8 September, 1918].

«Interpreter-Truth» newspaper in Istanbul, the head of the Azerbaijani delegation to the peace conference M. A. Rasulzade signed between Germany and Russia in addition to the provisions of the agreement on August 27 published Brest. M. A. Rasulzade around Baku commented on the military-political and diplomatic tensions Istanbul, Turkey, Germany, to Berlin, Moscow's importance for Russia in Baku, Azerbaijan as a substitute for says [1, On September 25, 1918].

The front of the Red Army in all directions, defeating the Bolshevik-Armenian units from the Caucasian Islamic Army fighting began again on August 5. Baku commissar withdrawal of government, government work, with the passage of the Dashnak and sailors from August 1, 1918 until September 15, the «Provisional Executive Committee of the Presidium of the Central Caspian Dictatorship and the Soviet Union», the situation has not changed in the establishment of a government of the toy. Near the end of the First World War, life's too short to be invited to the amusement of the British government and the British more Dashnak-Bolshevik forces in the history of not being able to stand in front of the Caucasian Islamic Army fell [2, p. 327-328].

At work and on the invitation of the British by the Dashnaks «Vakt» newspaper readers in its August 18 edition of «English in the party», the news was: «According to British sources, a group of British soldiers in the city of Baghdad». News was somewhat inaccurate. So Densterville under the command of the English soldiers, about 1,200 of whom are in Baghdad, was Anzaly. The report stated that the armed forces into the city, it is a success, even if they could not get fights (18 August 1918).

Caucasus Islamic Army attacked the tactics of military operations defined on the night of September 14 to 15, «Central Caspian Dictatorship» in the last session were held in a tense atmosphere. The meeting decided the city was handed over to their rightful owners.

Turkey is the story of the liberation of Baku Bolshevik- Dashnak «Tan», «Igdam», «Vakt», «Tomorrow», published in Anatolia, «a new day» was the theme of the leading newspapers. Turkish media focus on the self-led army. «Dawn» newspaper, noting that the military successfully completed operations wrote: «According to reports we received precise, Baku, 36 hours after a violent war has been released by the army. The siege in English and there is no clear information about the whereabouts of the Bolshevik forces, it is difficult to avoid a significant number are believed to have been taken captive» [7, September 17, 1918].

Istanbul, the «Sabah» newspaper, the short, concise news to publish, said: «The city was released 36 hours after the ferocious war. All were seized in the oil fields» [6, September 17, 1918].

«Fine-Efkar», «Vakt», «New Day», «Alemdar» newspapers front page story of the liberation of Baku, the Azerbaijani army is presented as removing the Caucasian Islamic Army, the city battle scenes were described.

Turkish media, Turkey's military presence in the Caucasus Islamic Army qabartmamalari the tense international relations, has caused diplomatic tensions. Turkey against Germany, Soviet Russia, Great Britain declared a diplomatic war of Turkish troops from the South Caucasus, including Azerbaijan, demanded the withdrawal from the territories. This demand, in the face of diplomatic tensions over its territorial integrity of the Republic of Turkey in its fight against international forces brought the argument. Thus, in order to keep out of Turkey in the international diplomatic tensions, Turkish media as the Azerbaijani army was Caucasian Islamic Army.

«A New Day» newspaper war in the Caucasus Islamic Army in early September, «Azerbaijanis in Baku did siege» to the readers with the headline: «With the end of the bloody war forces soldiers overcame Moscow to Baku came up and finally took the city under siege at close range» [10, September 3, 1918].

On September 15, 1918, «Azerbaijan» newspaper after the publication of Ganja, Azerbaijan and Turkey, media relations, communications facilities there. Azerbaijani media to Turkey, Turkish media to publish reports in the national press samples.

«A new day», the story of the liberation of Baku, «Azerbaijan» newspaper published its first issues, the importance of the independence of his country highly valued [1, 19 September, 1918].

«Vakt» newspaper war in the Caucasus Islamic Army in connection with the movement for the independence of Azerbaijan in August-September 1918, more than 10 news, korrispandensiya, issued a statement to the circulation of a number of new facts. «Baku has fallen» to attract the reader's attention for a few yarimbasliqla the article was published. «The bloody work of the Bolsheviks», «The government is transported to the capital», the article pointed out that with the news reflects the general situation in the capital said. In this article, the Azerbaijani capital Baku, was released by the army's bloody wars says: «Baku, Azerbaijan, was occupied by soldiers. Bolsheviks started the bloody siege of the city by the north and south were to fail» [9, August 13, 1918]. The article details the historical facts are considered. Thus, the Turkish soldiers were killed in battles with up to 500, reflecting the loss of wing delivered to readers in the following way: «The Bolsheviks had lost more than 3,000 men» [9, August 13, 1918].

Published on September 17, «Vakt» newspaper has chosen a news headline: «After a 36-hour siege by the forces of Baku have been». Mansetin placed after the report says: «The news of our city has grown. According to this report, Baku was liberated by the forces. Before the occupation of Azerbaijani forces under the command of Nuru Pasha took 6 hours of the war [1, On September 17, 1918]. This article, along with the newspaper in Baku after the release of a significant part of the Caucasian Islamic Army captured enemy soldiers and loot, he had a small news to the readers.

«Vakt» newspaper published on September 22 in Baku for the large volume of articles dedicated to the great powers made a diplomatic war. The historical and geographical knowledge capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan once again recalled the newspaper said: «Baku is the Caspian Sea, is of great importance. Each year up to 150 million rubles, the Russian government oil fields took the spoils. Baku, Azerbaijan's economic and political center».

Turkish newspapers published in the newspaper, referring to the national cultural institutions in the formation of national consciousness, published under the editorship of Rasulzadeh appreciates the role played by

«Open the word» newspaper is about the activities of [9, 22 September, 1918].

Azerbaijan's war of independence, which regularly «Vakt» newspaper published on September 24, a number of readers to the story of the liberation of Baku, the publication of details of military operations, reflecting the view of the city added photo here. The article «On behalf of the German government, which notes MARasulzade» The picture of the wide-ranging in the lower part of the article was published [9, 24 September, 1918, №330].

Commenting on the recognition of the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the context of the restoration of historical justice, «Aksam» newspaper was vague about the reasons for Germany's position. Newspaper «in Germany and Baku» Historically, the Muslim-Turkish capital city of the article, noting that the independence of Georgia's attitude was considered appropriate to be applied [5, September 28, 1918, №8].

«Tan», «Tomorrow», «description-Efkar», Turkey's ally in newspapers around the political clashed with Germany in Baku, open and secret diplomatic war, tensions have enough articles on the current situation was analyzed. Germany is leading the work of the military and political circles in Turkey, criticizing efforts to exclude these kind of actions that could damage relations between the allies was the logic of the analysis of records. Turkey, an ally of Germany in Baku's oil reserves, to adopt the policy of diplomatic tension with Russia, which account agreement «Dawn» newspaper of the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the South Caucasus, «the Turkish-Islamic», the manifestation of force «and caused the collapse of Tsarist Russia, just for the sake of their independence struggle, viewed as an important political fact» (7-8 September, 1918).

In 1918-1920, published in the Turkish press, the investigation shows that the war of independence of Azerbaijan, the Caucasian Islamic Army were given a wide range of movement, a lot of articles have been published in the propaganda nature. Military-political view of the period, reflecting the facts reflected in these writings are important in the study of the history of the Republic of Azerbaijan.

References

1. «Azerbaijan» newspaper. - The number of September-October 1918.

2. «Encyclopedia of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic», 2 volumes. - Baku, 2004. - Volume 1.

3. Gafarov V. The issue of Turkey's relations with Russia. - Baku, 2011.

4. Suleymanov M. Caucasian Islamic Army in Azerbaijan. - Baku, 1999.

5. «Aksam» newspaper. - 1918, September numbers.

6. «Sabah» newspaper. - 1918, September 17.

7. «Tan newspaper». - August-September 1918 numbers.

8. «Efkar description-» newspaper. - September 1918 numbers.

9. «Vakt» newspaper. - September 1918 numbers.

10. «New Day» newspaper. - September 1918 numbers.

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