Глагол и инфинитив в английском языке

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Вариант 1

1. Перепишите предложения, употребив глагол в скобках в правильной видовременной форме. Укажите время и залог, которое вы употребили. Предложения переведите

1. In recent years there (to have been written, to have written) a large number of studies of the dependence of animals on the environment.

In recent years there have been written a large number of studies of the dependence of animals on the environment.

Present Perfect Tense

Passive Voice

В наше время написано большое количество научных работ о зависимости животных от окружающей среды

2. Knowledge of neurology (to be being becoming, to be becoming )more and more important to the psychologist.

Knowledge of neurology be becoming more and more important to the psychologist.

Present Continuous Tense Active Voice Знания неврологии становится все более и более важным для психолога

3. We (to discuss, to be discussed) human performance later.

We shall discuss human performance later.

Future Indefinite Tense

Active Voice

Мы будем обсуждать человеческие поступки позже

4. Man (to have been experimenting, to have been experimented) in one form or another since he appeared on the earth.

Man to have been experimenting in one form or another since he appeared on the earth.

Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Active Voice

Человек экспериментирует так или иначе с того времени, как появился на земле.

5. The problem (to have been investigated, to have investigated) fully since that time.

The problem have been investigated fully since that time.

Present Perfect Tense

Passive Voice

С того времени проблему решено.

2. Перепишите предложения, подчеркнув в них инфинитив и определив его функцию

1. The third problem to be considered is concerned with depth perception.

The third problem to be considered is concerned with depth perception.

Определение

Третья проблема, которую необходимо рассматривать связана с глубиной восприятия.

2. To know what the person thinks about himself is of great importance.

To know what the person thinks about himself is of great importance.

Предмет

Знать, что человек думает о себе, имеет большое значение.

3. The psychologists try to find stability principles of man's behaviour.

The psychologists try to find stability principles of mans behaviour.

Часть сложного сказуемого

Психологи пытаются найти стабильность принципов человеческого поведения.

4. To predict a person's behaviour one must take into consideration sociological factors as well.

To predict a persons behaviour one must take into consideration sociological factors as well.

Предмет

Чтобы предсказать поведение человека необходимо принимать во внимание социологические факторы.

5. This is a difficult sort of response for lower organisms to make.

This is a difficult sort of response for lower organisms to make.

Дополнение

Это сложный вид реакции для работы низших организмов.

3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на значение выделенных слов

1. Since 1998 we have been working at the problem.

С 1998 года мы работаем над этой проблемой

2. Since the numbers are the very basis of measurement and since the number system is an important part of the general body of mathematics, we should next give attention to the properties of numbers.

С того времени, как числа стали основой измерения и когда система чисел стала важной частью главного предмета математики нам следовало обратить внимание на свойство чисел.

3. Most of the drives which we have so far considered have been associated with considerable activity.

Большинство направлений, которые мы обсуждали до этого времени, связаны с важной деятельностью

4. By means of conditioning procedure the limits and accuracy of hearing, vision and other senses can be determined.

Благодаря регулирующим процедурам ограничения и правильности слуха, зрения и других чувств могут заостряться

5. The growth of formal dunking as well as the age at which adolescence occurs depend on social and neurological factors.

Укрепляется официальная мысль, что юность это возраст, на который влияет социальный и неврологический факторы

6. In the degree to which all independent variables are identified and the irrelevant ones controlled, few studies equal the one by Howland.

Степени, к которой все независимые переменные идентифицированы, и неуместные управляли, несколько изучений равняются Хевланду.

7. One of the main puzzles in the psychology of perception is the problem of stimulus equivalence.

Одна из главных загадок психологии восприятия - это проблема стимулирующей равноценности

глагол инфинитив английский

4. Переведите текст, озаглавив его. Передайте письменно содержание текста на английском языке, сократив его на 1/3

The formal launching of psychology as a separate science occurred in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt opened his Psychological Institute at the University Leipzig. Wundt was a physiologist and philosopher who had made contributions to both of these fields. In addition to his experiments psychology, he was to continue making important contributions philosophy. The new movement was not so much a revolt against mental philosophy as an attempt to get psychology out of an impasse, by utilizing the experimental method of physiology and physics. No science is, in an absolute sense, independent of philosophy. Psychology has never completely broken away from philosophy and the two disciplines will always have much in common, since scientific endeavours psychological or otherwise, are preceded and followed by speculation. Today there is a flourishing branch of philosophy, the philosophy of science, which critically examines the aims, methods and conclusions of all sciences. Scientific psychology at first took over the same apparatus and methods with which physiologists and physicists had been investigating behaviour and experience. Very soon, however, psychologists were finding new problems and devising apparatus and procedures of their own. Most of the early psychological experiments dealt with experience. There was only incidental interest in a scientific study of behaviour as such: that is, in what persons said and did. Individual observers were trained to attend to and describe their experience while the experimenter made various changes in light, sound and other external conditions. He also made experimental changes in physiological conditions (fatigue, hunger, thirst). The method of attending to and describing experiences under known external and internal conditions was called experimental introspection. The chief aim of Wundt and his students was to discover the ingredients of conscious experience. It was claimed, that it could be analyzed into its elements (sensations and so on). Especially there was an effort to discover the relations between stimuli, physiological structures, and particular types of experience. Because of emphasis upon conscious experience, psychology was at that time designated the science of consciousness.

Сокращенный вид

Рsychology - the science of consciousness

The formal launching of psychology as a separate science occurred in 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt opened his Psychological Institute at the University Leipzig.

The new movement was not so much a revolt against mental philosophy as an attempt to get psychology out of an impasse, by utilizing the experimental method of physiology and physics.

Psychology has never completely broken away from philosophy and the two disciplines will always have much in common, since scientific endeavours psychological or otherwise, are preceded and followed by speculation.

Scientific psychology at first took over the same apparatus and methods with which physiologists and physicists had been investigating behaviour and experience. Very soon, however, psychologists were finding new problems and devising apparatus and procedures of their own.

The chief aim of Wundt and his students was to discover the ingredients of conscious experience. It was claimed, that it could be analyzed into its elements (sensations and so on). Especially there was an effort to discover the relations between stimuli, physiological structures, and particular types of experience. Because of emphasis upon conscious experience, psychology was at that time designated the science of consciousness.

Формальное начало психологии как отдельной науки произошло в 1879 году, когда Вильгельм Вундт открыл Институт психологии в Университете Лейпцига.

Новое движение было не столько восстания против психической философии, как попытка привлечь психологию из тупика, с использованием экспериментального метода физиологии и физики.

Психология никогда полностью не отрывалась от философии и две дисциплины всегда будут иметь много общего, так как научные усилия психологическим или каким-либо другим способом, предшествует и последующей спекуляции.

Научная психология сначала же принялась за те же устройства и способы, с которыми физиологи и физики занимались расследованием поведения и опыта. Очень скоро, однако, психологи были в поиске новых проблем и разработке своих собственных аппарата и процедур.

Главной целью Вундта и его учеников было открыть для себя ингредиенты сознательного опыта. Утверждалось, что он может быть проанализирован на элементы (ощущения и т.д.). Особенно была предпринята попытка открыть для себя отношения между стимулами, физиологическими структурами и отдельными видами опыта. Из-за акцента на сознательном опыте, психология была в то время назначена как наука о сознании.

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