The escape

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UNIT TWO

TEXT TWO

THE ESCAPE

By Somerset Maugham

W. Somerset Maugham, a famous English writer, was born in 1874 in Paris. He received his medical degree, but he never practised medicine; the ambition to write dominated his entire life. In 1897 "Liza of Lambeth", Maugham's first novel, appeared . It had no success. For the next ten years Maugham wrote and starved умирал от голода. He turned out выпустил a steady равномерный stream of plays and novels none of which excited much attention. His luck changed in 1907. In that year "Lady Frederic", a comedy of manners, was produced in London. It had a bright, fashionable success. By and by вскоре, Maugham became internationally celebrated; his plays were performed all over the world. Now independent and well able to enjoy life Maugham began to travel. He came to know Europe thoroughly основательно and spent long periods in the United States, the South Seas and China. His favourite country was Spain ("The Land of the Blessed Virgin" and "Don Fernando"). In 1915 Maugham published a novel that had been in preparation for many years. Called "Of Human Bondage" it was received by critics with great respect. Over the years, it has become a modern classic. Many popular successes followed its publication: "Ashenden", "Moon and Sixpence", "Cakes and Ale", etc. He died in 1965.

I have always been convinced that if a woman Once made up her mind to marry a man nothing but instant flight отступление, побег could save him. Not always that; for once a friend of mine, seeing the inevitable неизбежный loom тень menacingly угрожающе before him, took ship from a certain port (with a toothbrush for all his luggage, so conscious was he of his danger and the necessity for immediate action) and spent a year travelling round the world; but when, thinking himself safe (women are fickle непостоянны, he said, and in twelve months she will have forgotten all about me), he landed at the selfsame тот же самый port the first person he saw gaily waving to him from the quay причала was the little lady from whom he had fled спасался бегством. I have only once known a man who in such circumstances managed to extricate выпутаться himself. His name was Roger Charing. He was no longer young when he fell in love with Ruth Barlow and he had had sufficient достаточный experience to make him careful; but Ruth Barlow had a gift (or should I call it a quality?) that renders приводит most men defenceless безоружный, and it was this that dispossessed лишило Roger of his common sense, his prudence осмотрительности and his worldy wisdom. He went down like побеждён a row of ninepins кегли.¹ This was the gift of pathos вызывания жалости. Mrs. Barlow, for she was twice a widow, had splendid dark eyes and they were the most moving I ever saw; they seemed to be ever on the point of filling with tears; they suggested that the world was too much for her, and you felt that, poor dear, her sufferings had been more than anyone should be asked to bear. If, like Roger Charing, you were a strong, hefty дюжий fellow with plenty of money, it was almost inevitable неизбежный that you should say to yourself: I must stand between the hazards опасностей of life and this helpless little thing, or, how wonderful it would be to take the sadness out of those big and lovely eyes! I gathered сделал вывод from Roger that everyone had treated Mrs. Barlow very badly. She was apparently очевидно one of those unfortunate persons with whom nothing by any chance goes right. If she married a husband he beat her; if she employed a broker посредник he cheated her; if she engaged a cook she drank. She never had a little lamb but it was sure to die.²

When Roger told me that he had at last persuaded убедил her to marry him, I wished him joy.

"I hope you'll be good friends," he said. "She's a little afraid of you, you know; she thinks you're callous чёрствый."

"Upon my word честное слово I don't know why she should think that."

"You do like her, don't you?"

"Very much."

"She's had a rotten time нелёгкие времена, poor dear. I feel so dreadfully sorry for her."

"Yes, "I said.

I couldn't say less. I knew she was stupid and I thought she was scheming интригующий. My own belief was that she was as hard as nails гвозди.

The first time I met her we had played bridge together and when she was my partner she twice trumped била козырями my best card. I behaved like an angel, but I confess признаю that I thought if the tears were going to well up расти into anybody's eyes they should have been mine rather than hers. And when, having by the end of the evening lost a good deal of money to me, she said she would send me a cheque and never did, I could not but think that I and not she should have worn a pathetic expression when next we met.

Roger introduced her to his friends. He gave her lovely jewels . He took her here, there, and everywhere. Their marriage was announced for the immediate future. Roger was very happy. He was committing совершал a good action and at the same time doing something he had very much a mind to имел твёрдое намерение. It is an uncommon situation and it is not surprising if he was a trifle немного more pleased with himself than was altogether всецело becoming.

Then, on a sudden вдруг,' he fell out of love разлюбил. I do not know why. It could hardly have been that he grew tired of her conversation , for she had never had any conversation. Perhaps it was merely that this pathetic look of hers ceased перестал to wring терзать his heart-strings глубочайшие чувства. His eyes were opened and he was once more the shrewd трезвый man of the world he had been. He became acutely остро conscious that Ruth Barlow had made up her mind решилась to marry him and he swore поклялся a solemn торжественный oath клятвой that nothing would induce заставит him to marry Ruth Barlow. But he was in a quandary затруднительном положении. Now that he was in possession of his senses he saw with clearness the sort of woman he had to deal with and he was aware that, if he asked her to release освободить him, she would (in her appealing трогательной way) assess оценивать her wounded раненые feelings at an immoderately чрезмерно high figure цену.³ Besides, it is always awkward щекотливо for a man to jilt бросить a woman. People are apt склонны to think he has behaved badly.

Roger kept his own counsel держал свои мысли в тайне. He gave neither by word nor gesture an indication that his feelings towards Ruth Barlow had changed. He remained attentive to all her wishes; he took her to dine at restaurants , they went to the play together, he sent her flowers; he was sympathetic and charming. They had made up their minds that they would be married as soon as they found a house that suited them, for he lived in chambers комнатах and she in furnished rooms; and they set about приступили looking at desirable подходящее residences. The agents sent Roger orders to view and he took Ruth to see a number of houses. It was very hard to find anything that was quite satisfactory. Roger applied to more agents. They visited house after house. They went over them thoroughly основательно, examining them from the cellars погребов in the basement подвале to the attics чердак under the roof. Sometimes they were too large and sometimes they were too small, sometimes they were too far from the centre of things центра событий and sometimes they were too close; sometimes they were too expensive and sometimes they wanted too many repairs ; sometimes they were too stuffy душный and sometimes they were too airy; sometimes they were too dark and sometimes they were too bleak блеклый. Roger always found a fault that made the house unsuitable. Of course he was hard to please; he could not bear to ask his dear Ruth to live in any but the perfect house, and the perfect house wanted finding. House-hunting is a tiring изнурительный and a tiresome business and presently Ruth began to grow peevish раздражительный. Roger begged her to have patience ; somewhere, surely, existed the very house they were looking for, and it only needed a little perseverance настойчивость and they would find it. They looked at hundreds of houses; they climbed thousands of stairs; they inspected innumerable kitchens. Ruth was exhausted and more than once lost her temper.

"If you don't find a house soon," she said, "I shall have to reconsider my position. Why, if you go on like this we shan't be married for years."

"Don't say that," he answered. "I beseech умоляю you to have patience . I've just received some entirely new lists from agents I've only just heard of. There must be at least sixty houses on them."

They set out on направились the chase охоту again. They looked at more houses and more houses. For two years they looked at houses. Ruth grew silent and scornful презрительной: her pathetic, beautiful eyes acquired an expression that was almost sullen угрюмый. There are limits to human endurance выносливость. Mrs. Barlow had the patience of an angel, but at last she revolted восстала.

"Do you want to marry me or do you not?" she asked him.

There was an unaccustomed непривычная hardness in her voice, but it did not affect затронуло the gentleness of his reply.

"Of course I do. We'll be married the very moment we find a house. By the way I've just heard of something that might suit us."

"I don't feel well enough to look at any more houses just yet." . "Poor dear, I was afraid you were looking rather tired."

Ruth Barlow took to her bed слегла в постель. She would not see Roger and he had to content himself with calling at her lodgings жилище to enquire справляться and sending her flowers. He was as ever assiduous неутомимый and gallant . Every day he wrote and told her that he had heard of another house for them to look at. A week passed and then he received the following letter:

Roger,

I do not think you really love me. I have found someone who is anxious to take care of me and I am going to be married to him today.

Ruth.

He sent back his reply by special messenger курьер:

Ruth,

Your news shatters расстроили me. I shall never get over the blow оправиться от удара, but of course your happiness must be my first consideration внимание. I send you here with seven orders to view; they arrived by this morning's post and I am quite sure you will find among them a house that will exactly suit you.

Roger.

COMMENTARY

He went down like a row of ninepins, (fig.) here: He was defeated at once and surrendered without resisting.

She never had a little lamb but it was sure to die: There was never anything dear to her that she wouldn't lose. "A little lamb" is

<44>

somebody that one loves dearly; an allusion to the well-known nursery rhyme:

Mary had a little lamb. Its fleece was white as snow, And everywhere that Mary went, The lamb was sure to go.

3. she would assess оценивать her wounded раненые feelings at an immoderately чрезмерно high figure цену: she would make him pay much for jilting бросил her.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

Vocabulary Notes

1.hazard 1) риск, опасность 2) вид азартной игры в кости 3) шанс; случай, случайность 4) ставка, заклад (в азартных играх) n a chance, risk or danger, as a life full of hazards; the hazards of one's life; at all hazards at all risks; whatever dangers there may be, e.g. You should do it at all hazards, to take hazards to run risks, e.g. He was aware that he was taking hazards but there was no way back.

hazard 1) рисковать, ставить на карту 2) делать ставку 3) отважиться, решиться (предпринять что-л.) vt 1) trust to chance; take the risk of, e.g. Rock-climbers sometimes hazard their lives. 2) offer or venture, as to hazard a remark (guess), battle

hazardous опасный, рискованный a risky; dependent on chance, as a hazardous climb. Ant. safe, secure, sheltered укрытый; защищённый.

2.persuade 1) убеждать (в чём-л.) ; урезонивать; пенять 2) а) склонить (к чему-л.) , уговорить (на что-л.) 3) (persuade from, persuade out of) отговорить от (чего-л.) vt I) convince; lead (a person) by argument to believe something or to think in a certain way, as to persuade a person of the truth of a report, e.g. I persuaded убедил myself that all was well. 2) cause (a person) by argument to do something, e.g. His friends could never persuade him to go to a hockey-match: he said the absurdity of the game made him feel too sorry'for the players.

persuaded убеждённый p.p. (predic. only) certain; convinced, e.g. I am almost persuaded of his honesty.

persuasion 1) а) убеждение (процесс) б) убедительный аргумент 2) обоснованность, убедительность 3) убеждённость (в чём-л.) 4) а) система взглядов, убеждений (часто религиозных) б) группа, секта, 5) род, сорт n, e.g. No persuasion on my part could make him do it. He agreed to stay in bed only after much persuasion.

Word Discrimination: to convince а) убеждать, уверять (в чём-л.), доводить до чьего-л. сознания б) убеждать сделать что-л., побуждать, склонять, to persuade.

Both are rendered in Russian as «убеждать». То persuade may be translated into Russian by «склонять, уговаривать»; this shade of meaning does not apply to convince, which will help to distinguish the difference between the two words.

To convince a person means to satisfy his understanding as to the truth of something by proof, evidence or arguments, e.g. Nothing will convince me that lies and falsehoods can be justified. Adjectives: convinced, convincing, as convinced bachelor; convincing proof, evidence, statement, reason.

To persuade a person is to influence him in some way, either by argument, proof or otherwise. Conviction or the process of convincing leads to belief. Persuasion leads to action. A stubborn person may be convinced of the necessity of doing something, but nothing may be able to persuade him to do it, e.g. You have persuaded убедил me that I must apologize.

To convince a person is to prove the truth to him. To persuade a person is more than that: it implies not only convincing, but also influencing a person to act, to do something on the basis of his conviction.

Persuade may refer to the process itself of arguing with a person whereas convince is never used in this sense, but implies rather the final result of argument. E.g. We were persuading him to give up that dangerous plan, but failed to convince him.

И convince и persuade в русском языке переводятся как «убеждать». Persuade может переводиться на русский язык как «склонять, уговаривать»; этот оттенок смысла не применяется к convince, что поможет выявить разницу между двумя словами. convince a person - привести его к пониманию, путём доказательств, свидетельств или аргументов, например, Nothing will convince me that lies and falsehoods can be justified.

Persuade a person значит влиять на него в некотором роде, либо с помощью аргументов, доказательств или иным образом. Conviction или process of convincing приводят к вере. Persuasion приводит к действию. Упрямый человек может быть convinced убежден в необходимости что-то сделать, но ничего не может быть в состоянии persuade убедить его сделать это, например, You have persuaded me that I must apologize.

Convince a person - доказать ему правду. Persuade a person - больше, чем это: оно подразумевает не только убеждение, но также оказывает влияние на человека действовать, что-то сделать на основе его убеждений. Persuade может относиться к самому процессу спора с человеком, в то время как convince никогда не используется в этом смысле, но предполагает конечный результат спора. Например, We were persuading him to give up that dangerous plan, but failed to convince him.

3.scheme замышлять (недоброе) ; плести интриги, интриговать vt/i plan or form a plan, esp. a secret or dishonest one, e.g. They schemed to overthrow their rivals.

scheme 1) а) план, проект; программа; схема б) интрига, махинация; козни, происки nefarious 2) система, структура, устройство 3) а) рисунок, схема; диаграмма, чертёж б) конспект; набросок; общая картина (чего-л.) n 1) a plan, e.g. The designer acquainted us with the scheme. 2) an arrangement in which each part fits the other parts perfectly, as a colour (furnishing) scheme (i.e. an arrangement chosen so that the effect is pleasing) 3) a secret, esp. dishonest, plan, e.g. Their scheme was exposed разоблачена and the criminals were soon put on trial испытание. 4) a carefully arranged statement of a plan, e.g. In the first lesson the teacher gave the students a scheme of work for the year.

commit 1) совершать (обычно что-л. дурное 2) (commit to) предавать (суду, земле, огню) 3) направлять (ресурсы) на какие-л. цели 4) помещать, заключать (в сумасшедший дом, в тюрьму) 5) (commit to) вверять, поручать 6) передавать законопроект в парламентскую 7) вводить в дело 8) фиксировать (где-л.) 9) компрометировать, пятнать 10) связывать себя обязательствами, словом 11) (be committed) быть преданным (кому-л. / чему-л.) vt 1) (usu.) to do a bad or foolish act, as to commit a crime, suicide , an error, e.g. He committed a grave error and he was conscious of it. I wonder what made him commit suicide. 2) hand over or give up for safe keeping; entrust; place, as to commit smth. to paper (to writing); to write it down, e.g. If you are very ill, you have to commit yourself to doctors and nurses. The prisoner was commit ted for trial испытание (i.e. sent before the judges to be tried). The body was committed to the flames, (i.e. burnt). 3) to speak or act in such a way that one will be compelled to do smth., e.g. He has committed himself to support his brother's children (i.e. said or done smth. that makes it necessary for him to support them).

acute 1) остроконечный, острый 2) острый, сильный 3) сильный, резкий; крайний, критический 4) проницательный; сообразительный 5) пронзительный, высокий (о звуке) 6) острый (о болезни; больных) a 1) (of the mind and the senses) sharp; quick, e.g. Dogs have an acute sense of smell. A man with an acute mind soon knows whether a book is valuable or not. 2) severe, sharp and sudden, e.g. A bad tooth may cause acute pain. 3) very strong; deeply felt, e.g. His son's success in the examinations gave him acute pleasure. 4) (of an illness) serious and causing great suffering; coming sharply to a crisis. (Cf. chronic), as acute gastritis 5) sharp, pointed, as an acute angle (one that is less than a right angle)

acutely остро, резко, сильно adv, e.g. He was acutely conscious of her presence, and it made him unusually silent.

6. appeal 1) апеллировать, обращаться, прибегать, взывать (к кому-л.) 2) взывать, просить, умолять, упрашивать (о чём-л.) 3) (appeal to) привлекать, притягивать; влечь, манить, нравиться 4) (against) а) подавать апелляционную жалобу, обжаловать б) жаловаться vi 1) ask someone to decide a question; (esp.) ask someone to say that one is right; ask earnestly for something, e.g. The prisoner appealed to the judge for mercy. She appealed to me to protect her. 2) move the feelings; interest; attract, e.g. Do these paintings appeal to you? (Do you like them?) Bright colours appeal to small children. The sea voyage does not appeal to me.

appealing 1) трогательный, умоляющий 2) обаятельный, привлекательный, притягательный pr. p., a imploring умоляя, e.g. The girl said it with such an appealing smile that Mr. Fowler, to his own surprise, granted the request, though but half a minute before he meant to refuse it.

appeal 1) призыв, обращение, воззвание (к кому-л.) 2) просьба, мольба (о чём-л.) 3) привлекательность, притягательность 4) апелляция; право апелляции n І) an earnest call for help, as to collect signatures to an appeal, e.g. An appeal is being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake. 2) a call to smth. or smb. to make a decision, e.g. So powerful seemed his appeal that the people were deeply moved. 3) interest or attraction , e.g. That sort of music hasn't much appeal for me. (I'm not much attracted by it.) The novel has general appeal, to make an appeal to smb. to attract smb., e.g. This type of romantic hero is sure to make an appeal to feminine hearts.

Word Discrimination: to address обращаться (называя по имени, титулу; используя тот или иной способ обращения), to apply to обращаться с просьбой, (письменным) заявлением, to appeal to, to turn to прибегать к (помощи), обращаться за (помощью, информацией и т. п.), to consult обращаться за справкой (к какому-л. документу), to go to обращаться (к чему-л., на кого-л.);.

The Russian word «обращаться» has a number of equivalents in English:

To address, which is a formal word, means to speak to smb., to make a speech, as to address a person, audience, meeting. It is not followed by a preposition, but in the expression "to address oneself to smb." the preposition "to" is used. E.g. It is to you, sir, I address myself. Also: That remark was addressed to his neighbour.

To apply (to smb. for smth.) is more limited in use than to address and is even more formal. We say: to apply to an authority, to apply for work, information, permission, a certificate, etc. E.g. Carrie decided to apply to the foreman of the shoe factory for work.

To appeal (to smb. for smth.) to ask earnestly for smth. (usu. for help or moral support), to appeal to someone's feelings.

To turn (to smb. for smth.) to go to someone for help (less formal and less emotional), e.g. The child turned to its mother for help.

To consult to go for advice or information, as to consult a lawyer, a doctor, a map, a dictionary. E.g. Nobody ever thought of consulting him. I must consult the doctor.

To see and to go to may be used in the meaning of "to consult" (coll.), as to see a doctor, a lawyer.

Русское слово «обращаться» имеет ряд эквивалентов на английском языке:

Address является формальным словом, означает говорить с кем-л., выступить с речью, to address a person, audience, meeting. Не используется с предлогом, но в выражении "to address oneself to smb." используется предлог "to". Например, It is to you, sir, I address myself. Also: That remark was addressed to his neighbour.

Apply (to smb. for smth.) более ограничен в использовании, чем address и еще более формальным. Говорим to apply to an authority, to apply for work, information, permission, a certificate. Например, Carrie decided to apply to the foreman of the shoe factory for work. Appeal (to smb. for smth.) просить убедительно чего-л. (обыч. за помощью или моральной поддержкой), чтобы обратиться к чувствам другого человека. Turn (to smb. for smth.) обращаться за помощью (менее формально и менее эмоционально), например, The child turned to its mother for help.

Consult - обратиться за советом или информацией, как to consult a lawyer, a doctor, a map, a dictionary. Например, Nobody ever thought of consulting him. I must consult the doctor.

To see и to go to быть использовано в значении "проконсультироваться", как to see a doctor, a lawyer.

7.endurance 1) а) выносливость, способность переносить (боль, страдание и т. п.) б) прочность, стойкость; сопротивляемость изнашиванию 2) длительность, продолжительность n ability to endure, e.g. He showed remarkable powers of endurance. There are limits to human endurance.

endure 1) вынести, вытерпеть; выдержать 2) длиться; продолжаться, тянуться 3) терпеть, сносить vt/i 1) bear bravely; remain firm or unmoved; suffer without complaining жалуясь, as to endure suffering (pain, torture, etc.), e.g. If help does not come, they will endure to the end, 2) suffer; bear; put up with (esp. in the negative with 'can, could, be able'), e.g. I can't endure that man. 3) last; continue in existence, as as long as life endures.

enduring 1) выносливый, терпеливый; устойчивый Syn: patient , sturdy 2) длительный, долгий, продолжительный 3) прочный; постоянный, стойкий 4) живучий; бессмертный (о произведении искусства) pr. p., a, as an enduring peace (i.e. one that will last a long time)

8.content 1) удовлетворённость, довольство 2) голос "за" (в Палате лордов) vt satisfy, e.g. There were no roses at the florist's, and we had to content ourselves with big, red carnations. There is no contenting some people (i.e. it's impossible to satisfy them).

contented довольный, удовлетворённый a satisfied, as a contented look (smile, laugh, etc.) content довольный a (predic. only) I) satisfied with what one has or has had; not wishing for any more, e.g. He is content with very little. 2) willing, e.g. I am content to remain where I am now.

content удовлетворённость, довольство n the condition of being satisfied; feeling easy in one's mind, as to live in peace and content (i. e. peacefully and happily, with no worry or anxiety); to one's heart's content сколько душе угодно, вволю, всласть, вдосталь as much as one wants, e.g. And now you may enjoy yourself to your heart's content.

Word Combinations and Phrases

to be as hard as nails быть выносливым, закаленным; to be apt склонным to do

to have (very much) a mind to do smth. smth.;

быть не прочь сделать..; to want finding (washing, a good beating, etc.) to fall out of love разлюбить; нуждаться в …; to keep one's own counsel to take to one's bed слечь в постель держать в секрете свои планы [намерения]; to be one's first consideration быть на главном месте у…

EXERCISES

a) Listen to the recording of Text Two and mark the stresses and tunes, b) Repeat the text in the intervals after the model.

Consult a dictionary, transcribe the following words and practise their pronunciation:

Inevitable неизбежный, menacingly угрожающе, necessity , quay причал, набережная стоянка, extricate выпутаться, experience, dispossess выселять, лишить собственности, prudence [pru:dns] осмотрительность, pathos , hazard [?hжz?d] опасность, apparently [??pжr?ntl?], persuade убеждать, callous чёрствый, dreadfully, scheming интригующий, angel, cheque, pathetic , jewel , acutely остро, solemn торжественный, oath клятвой, quandary затруднительное положение, release освободить, assess оценивать, immoderately чрезмерно, gesture , restaurant , sympathetic , chamber [?t?e?mb?] комната, agent , basement подвал, основание, attic классический, tiring изнурительный, patience , perseverance настойчивость, innumerable , reconsider переменить, endurance выносливость, revolt восстание, мятеж, content суть, сущность, assiduous усердный, прилежный, messenger курьер, herewith настояним, посредством этого

3.Read the following word combinations paying attention to different types of assimilation and the linking "r":

and the necessity for immediate action; round the world; at the selfsame port; that dispossessed лишило Roger of his common sense; on the point of filling with tears; between the hazards опасностей of life and this help-: less little thing; she twice trumped my best card; his eyes were opened; he swore поклялся a solemn торжественный oath клятвой; in her appealing way; people are apt склонны to think; in the basement; made the house unsuitable; they climbed thousands of stairs; but it did not affect the gentleness of his reply; we'll be married the very moment we find a house. dictionary transcribe escape

Read the following sentences: beginning with "I have always been con vinced...", "Not always that..." and "Mrs. Barlow, for she was twice a widow....". Divide them into intonation groups; read them using proper intonation patterns and beating the time; mind strong and weak forms of form words and all the phonetic phenomena of connected speech.

Read the following extracts: from "When Roger told me,..." up to "...as hard as nails", from "If you don't find a house soon,..." up to "...sixty houses on them", and from "Mrs. Barlow had the patience of an angel..." up to "...Ruth Barlow took to her bed" paying attention to the intonation of the stimuli and responses in the dialogues. Convey proper attitudes by using adequate intonation patterns.

Read the text and consider its following aspects:

a) What is the relation of the opening passage of the story (ending "... from whom he had fled") to the main plot? Comment on the syntax of the second sentence ("Not always that;..."); justify its length.

What would be lost if the sentence "but Ruth Barlow had a 'gift' (or should I call it a 'quality¹?) that renders most men defenceless" were written "but Ruth Barlow had a 'quality¹ that renders most men defenceless..."? What does the device of contrasting 'quality' to 'gift' aim at?

Select from the first paragraph words and phrases characterizing Ruth Barlow. What is the attitude implied? What method of characterization is used here? Point out cliches. Why does the author use them? How do they colour Roger's attachment to Ruth?

Analyse the rhythm in the sentence beginning "If she married a husband..." and the effect achieved. Indicate the stylistic devices in "She never had a little lamb but it was sure to die".

What method (or methods) of characterization is used in the fragment beginning "I couldn't say less...", ending "...when next we met"? Is this description of Ruth in full accord with the one givea in the first paragraph? If not, what is the reason? Explain "as hard as nails ".

Exemplify the author's use of vivid epithets in the character of Ruth Barlow. Which features of hers do they accentuate?

g)Point out instances of irony. (Is it irony or humour? Prove your point.)

h) What is the purpose of the parenthesis in "...she would (in her appealing way) assess оценивать her wounded раненые feelings..."?

i) Comment on the sentence structure in "Sometimes they were too large...". What is the effect achieved?

j) Exemplify the use of metaphors, similes and repetition. Comment on their effect.

k) Indicate the variety of the sentences and the rhythmic effects achieved.

1) Point out the climax of the story. Comment on the methods used for heightening the tension in the passages leading to the climax.

Copy out from Text Two the sentences containing the word combinations and phrases given above and translate them into Russian.

Paraphrase the following sentences using the word combinations and phrases:

1. Conflict almost tore her apart - She almost took to her bed over the conflict. She was not sure whether she should have the heart to talk with them or keep her plans secret. - She was not sure whether she should have the heart to talk with them or keep her own counsel. 2. Before she has a special check on her heart and general condition we must take care of her. - Before she has a special check on her heart and general condition she wants our caring. We should think about her health in the first place. - Her health should be our first consideration. 3. He had drive and energy... - He is as hard as nails… Besides, he could be pitiless, so Johnson thought he was the right man to run his business. - Besides, he could be pitiless, so Johnson thought he is apt to do his business. 4. I doubt if my opinion will have enough weight. - I think my opinion want a reasoning. As a rule youngsters disregard the advice of adults. As a rule youngsters are apt to disregard the advice of adults. 5. She could hardly hold her temper in check. -She wanted bridling her temper. She wished to say very unladylike things to him. - She have very much a mind to say very unladylike things to him. 6. For some reasons of his own he held back some information and kept his plans secret. - For some reasons of his own he kept his own counsel. 7. Your dress is stained. It needs to be cleaned. - It wants a cleaning.

9.Write sentences of your own using the given list of word combinations and phrases (3 sentences on each item).

Compose short situations in dialogue form using the word combinations and phrases. Pay attention to the intonation of the stimuli and responses.

Translate the following sentences into English using the word combinations and phrases:

1. Она обратилась к врачу, но ей не стало лучше, и она слегла. She consulted a doctor, but she didn't feel better, and she took to her bed. 2. Его новый метод, вероятно, будет иметь успех. His new method is apt to be successful. 3. Большинство взрослых склонно изучать иностранный язык по учебникам. Most adults are apt to foreign languages from textbooks. 4. Я прежде всего забочусь о твоем благополучии. Your well-being is my first consideration. 5. Он был скромным человеком и молчал о своих делах. He was a humble man, and kept his own counsel. 6. Я прошу вас держать наш разговор в секрете. I ask you to keep our own counsel. 7. Я склонна думать, что работа для него самое главное. I am apt to think that the work is the most important thing for him. 8. Твое платье необходимо погладить. Оно выглядит неопрятно. Your dress wants ironing. It looks slovenly. 9. За такие проказы его нужно хорошенько наказать. He wants a good lashing for such tricks. 10. Я очень хочу посетить ее урок. Говорят, что она очень интересно объясняет материал. I have very much a mind to visit one of her lessons. They say that her explanation of the matter is very interesting. 11. Тебе не мешало бы постричься, уж очень неряшливый у тебя вид. You want haircutting - you look so slovenly. 12. У него было сильное желание повидаться с семьёй, но прежде всего он думал об эксперименте и его исходе. He had very much a mind to see his family, but the experiment and its result were his first consideration. 13. Людям свойственно забывать своё горе. People are apt to forget their grief. 14. Он производил на всех впечатление мягкого и доброго человека, но на самом деле был черств и сух и умел добиться своего любыми средствами. He made impression of a gentle and kind person on everybody, but in fact was as hard as nails, and was able to get his own way by any means. 15. Человека, который бы умел держать язык за зубами, не так-то легко найти. It's not so easy to find a person, who is able to keep his own counsel. 16. Я очень хочу побывать этим летом в своем родном городе. I have a mind to visit my home town this summer.

12.Answer the following questions:

1. What kind of woman was Ruth Barlow? Was she really in love with Roger? Why did she make up her mind to marry him? 2. Was Roger in love with Ruth? Was it a serious and a profound feeling?

3.What kind of man was Roger? How do his flat-chase tactics characterize him? How should he have behaved? 4. Whose side do you take in the conflict: Ruth's or Roger's? 5. Isn't there anything to be said in Ruth's defence? 6. What is the social significance of the story?

Study the vocabulary notes and translate the examples into Russian.

Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the words and word combinations in italics:

A.1. "There are certain hazards in looking too attractive in the classroom," Bester said. «Есть определенный риск выглядеть слишком привлекательной(ым) в классе», сказал Бестер. 2. When he saw the lovely Sofie, the youth could not help admitting that the captive possessed a treasure which would fully reward his toil and hazard. Когда он увидел прекрасную Софи, юноша не мог не признать, что пленник обладал сокровище, которое в полной мере вознаградит его труды и риски. 3. Travel on the thoroughfares of Manila was not without its hazards. Путешествие по улицам Манилы не обошлось без опасностей. 4. The hazards of radioactive waste are receiving as much attention as the hazards of radioactive fallout. Опасность радиоактивных отходов получила столько же внимания как угроза радиоактивных осадков. 5. He had endeavoured to persuade his father to permit him to accompany me, but in vain. Он пытался убедить своего отца разрешить ему сопровождать меня, но безрезультатно. 6. Mrs. Brooke foresaw that the task of persuading Rosa to this marriage would be the fiercest and most important of all the engagements they had taken part in. Миссис Брук предвидела, что задача уговорить Розу на этот брак будет неприятной и наиболее важной из всех дел, в которых они принимали участие. 7. We could not tear ourselves away from each other, nor persuade ourselves to say the word "Farewell". Мы не могли ни оторваться друг от друга, ни убедить себя произнести слово «прощай». 8. My persuasions have restrained my uncle from undertaking a journey to Ingolstadt. Мои аргументы удержали моего дядю от путешествия в Ингольштадт. 9. I could not persuade myself to confide to him that event which was so often present to my recollections. Я не мог убедить себя поведать ему о событии, которое я так часто вспоминал. 10. There is something in your words which persuades me that you are sincere. Есть что-то в ваших словах, что убеждает меня в вашей искренности. 11. I avoided explanation for I had a persuasion that I should be supposed mad. Я избегал объяснений, так как был убеждён, что меня примут за сумасшедшего. 12. We decided to put the scheme into operation as soon as possible. Мы решили привести план в действие как можно скорее. B.1. I shall commit my thoughts to paper, it is true; but that is a poor medium for the communication of feeling. Я вверю свои мысли бумаге, это верно, но это жалкое средство для передачи чувств. 2. I wandered like an evil spirit, for I had committed deeds of mischief beyond description horrible. Я бродил, словно злой дух, потому что я совершил неописуемо ужасные злодейства. 3. He refused to commit himself by talking about the crime. Он отказался компрометировать себя, говоря о преступлении. 4. The article appealed to patriotism and called for immediate action. Статья взывала к патриотизму и призвала к немедленным действиям. 5. He appealed to her reason but in vain. She would not listen to him. Он воззвал к её разуму, но тщетно. Она не хотела его слушать. 6. My passionate and indignant appeals were lost upon them. Мой пылкий и негодующий призыв не достиг их. 7. Intellectual pleasure is the most satisfying and the most enduring. Интеллектуальное удовольствие наиболее удовлетворяющее и самое длительное. 8. He could not endure seeing animals treated cruelly. Он не мог видеть жестокого обращения с животными. 9. I can't endure the thought that he will have to content himself with such a poor job. Я не могу вынести мысли, что ему придётся довольствоваться такой плохой работой. 10. Exhaustion succeeded to the extreme fatigue both of body and of mind which I had endured. Истощение пришло на смену крайней усталости и тела и ума, которые я перенес. 11. I was better fitted by my constitution for the endurance of cold than heat. Я был лучше приспособлен с моим телосложением переносить холод, нежели жару. 12. I have endured toil and misery. I have endured incalculable fatigue, and cold, and hunger. Я перетерпел тяжёлый труд и нищету. Я пережил неисчислимые усталость, и холод, и голод. 13. I had not been content with the results promised by the modern professors of natural science. Я не довольствовался результатами обещанными новыми профессорами естествознания. 14. The blue lake, and snow-clad mountains, they never change; and I think our placid home and our contented hearts are regulated by the same immutable laws. Голубое озеро, и одетые снегом горы, они никогда не меняются, и я думаю, что наш мирный дом и наши удовлетворённые сердца регулируется теми же неизменными законами. 15. They did not appear rich, but they were contented and happy; their feelings were serene and peaceful. Они не производили впечатление богачей, но они были удовлетворёнными и счастливыми, их чувства были ясными и мирными.16. "You are in the wrong," he replied; "and instead of threatening, I am content to reason with you." «Вы не правы», - ответил он, - «и вместо угроз, я согласен поспорить с вами». 17. During my youthful days discontent never visited my mind. Пока я был юн, недовольство никогда не посещало мой разум. 18. In spite of the intense labour and wonderful discoveries of modern philosophers, I always came from my studies discontented and unsatisfied. Несмотря на интенсивный труд и удивительные открытия современных философов, я всегда приходил с занятий недовольным и неудовлетворённым.

15.Fill in the blanks with "to persuade" or "to convince" in the required form. Give reasons for your choice:

persuade 1) убеждать (в чём-л.) ; урезонивать; пенять 2) а) склонить (к чему-л.) , уговорить (на что-л.) б) понуждать, подстрекать (к чему-л.) 3) (persuade from, persuade out of) отговорить от (чего-л.) convince а) убеждать, уверять (в чём-л.) , доводить до чьего-л. сознания б) убеждать сделать что-л., побуждать, склонять

Мнения участников англоязычного форума (перевод с оригинала мой - Svetlana S.) to convince значит изменить чьё-л. мнение по поводу... To persuade значит побудить кого-л. СДЕЛАТЬ что-л. следуя аргументации или логике. Выбирая между этими 2 глаголами, решите, в какой форме Вам нужна требуемая ответная реакция - как перемена мнения или как действие. Я могу convince кого-л. что они проголосовали неправильно. Я обязан persuade их голосовать за кандидата, в выигрыше которого я заинтересован. Чтобы запомнить различие, я придумал предложение, сказанное отцом 16-летней дочери: "My daughter persuaded me to give her the car keys, but I'm not convinced she's a very good driver." Моя дочь уговорила (persuaded) мне дать ей ключи от машины, хотя я не уверен (not convinced), что она хорошо водит. Если тебе нужно, чтобы малыш сделал что-л. ты должен to persuade to him do it. Носитель языка № 2 понимает различие между persuade и convince как: A conviction это крепко удерживаемое убеждение. To be convinced of something это убеждение с уверенностью (заметьте, вы не можете быть persuaded в чём-то ). A convincing argument ведёт Вас к убеждению. Persuasion - это другое в моём понимании. Один может persuade другого сделать что-л., чего бы он в ином случае не сделал бы. Кто-л. может представить persuasive довод который может или не может переменить чьё-то убеждение. Мнение № 3 и завершу им, так как вроде всё уже понятно. "Convince" для меня подразумевает логический или рациональный довод. Persuade подразумевает эмоциональное или риторическое воззвание. Если Ваша дочь-тинейджер сказала "Папа, я хочу мобильник. Я могу использовать его в случае крайней необходимости и ты можешь использовать его, чтобы звонить мне, когда я выхожу с друзьями", она может быть convincing you (убедить Вас) предоставляя обоснования. Если она сказала "Папа, я хочу мобильник. Все мои друзья уже с мобильниками, я уже достаточно взрослая и я буду мыть всю посуду целый месяц, если ты мне купишь мобильник. Пожалуйста" в этом случае она будет persuading you.

1. The conclusion of this speech convinced my father that my ideas were deranged. 2. I was firmly convinced in my own mind that she was guiltless of this murder. 3. During Elizabeth's illness many arguments had been urged to persuade my mother to refrain from attending upon her. 4. Who would believe, unless his sense convince him, in the existence of such a monster? 5. We convince him that his method was inefficient but we could not persuade him to try our method. 6. Martin Eden could not convince Ruth that he would become a writer. 7. Ruth could not persuade Martin to take a job as clerk and give up writing. 8. Atticus could not convince the jury that Robinson was not guity. 9. The members of the Digamma Pi Society persuade Fatty to use cribs at the exams. 10. For centuries Outer Space seemed as unattainable as the Moon. Now everybody is convinced that Space will be conquered. 11. It took a great deal of persuade on his part to get her agree to publish excerpts from her account of her daily life. 12. He persuaded her to let him take one of the notebooks to his newspaper.

16.Translate into English using "to persuade" and "to convince":

1. Убедить его, что это очень опасный шаг, было невозможно. It was impossible to persuade him that it was a very dangerous step. 2. Факты убедили его в том, что подсудимый невиновен The facts convinced him that the accused is innocent. 3. Мне удалось убедить его, что на случай чрезвычайного положения все должно быть в порядке. I managed to convince him that everything should be all right in case of emergency. 4. Пришлось убеждать его в том, что это не помешает нам подготовиться к зачету. We had to persuade him that it would not prevent us from preparing for the test. 5. Все были убеждены, что присяжные осудят преступника. All were convinced that the jury would convict the criminal. 6. Рудольф был убежден, что судьба хранит для него про запас какую-нибудь романтическую историю. Rudolf was convinced that fate kept for him in store some kind of romance. 7. Мартину долго пришлось убеждать работников редакции, что у него нет денег на обратный путь. It took long to Martin to persuade the editorial staff that he had no money for return. 8. Рудольф вначале был убежден, что девушка специально придумала всю эту историю с карточками, чтобы привлечь к себе внимание. At first Rudolph was convinced that the girl invented the card story on purpose to call to his notice.

17.Translate the following sentences into English using the active vocabulary:

1. Миссис Чивли пыталась упрочить своё положение в обществе путём рискованных интриг. Mrs. Cheveley tried to improve her position in society through the hazardous schemes. 2. Он был настолько упрям, что не было никакой возможности убедить его покинуть старую квартиру. He was so stubborn that there was no chance to persuade him to leave the old apartment. 3. Защищая Робинсона, Аттикус шел на риск, но он не мог поступить иначе. Defending Robinson, Atticus took hazards, but he could not do any different. 4. Только после долгих уговоров он согласился подписать эту бумагу. Only after enduring persuasions, he agreed to sign this paper. 5. Он осмелился возразить, и Браун с удивлением взглянул на него. He hazarded to object, and Brown looked at him in surprise. 6. Тело погибшего было предано земле, и отряд без промедления тронулся в дальнейший путь. The body of the dead was committed to the ground, and the detachment set immediately out. 7. Он совершил ошибку и теперь должен заплатить за это. He committed a blunder and now must pay for it. 8. Его острый ум и быстрая реакция вызвали всеобщее восхищение. His acute mind and response aroused general admiration. 9. Его раздражало то, что он связал себя обязательством. He got irritated being committed with liability. 10. Я очень остро чувствовала, как изменилось их отношение ко мне после этого случая. I felt acutely how much changed their attitude to me after this incident. 11. Его выносливость была совершенно необыкновенной, и мы обращались к нему, когда нужно было сделать особенно трудную работу. He had extraordinary endurance, and we turned to him when particularly difficult work should have been done. 12. Вы должны понять всю безнадежность вашего плана. You have to understand your scheme is perfectly hopeless. 13. Он не выносит джаза, поэтому не стоит уговаривать его идти на концерт. He cannot endure jazz, so do not try to persuade him to go to the concert. 14. Ее мольба о помощи не осталась без внимания. Her appeal for help was not left without attention. 15. Его совершенно не привлекают танцы, поэтому не старайтесь убедить его пойти на этот вечер. Dancing does not appeal him, so do not try to persuade him to go to the party. 16. Он был очень молод и думал, что его любовь будет длиться вечно. He was very young and thought that his love would endure forever. 17. Экспедиция была несомненно очень рискованной, но вы блестяще справились со всеми задачами. The expedition was acutely hazard, but you coped brilliantly with all tasks. 18. Вам придется удовольствоваться этим скромным ужином, так как больше ничего нет. You will have to content yourself with this modest temperate supper, since there is nothing else. 19. Его довольная улыбка в такой неподходящий момент вызвала у всех возмущение. His content smile at a such wrong moment caused general indignation. 20. Дружба всегда помогает переносить все жизненные невзгоды. Friendship always helps to endure all wear and tear of life.