Slang units used in English-language cartoons

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Introduction

Slang is one of the most interesting phenomena of modern linguistic science. On the one hand, it is perceived as something alien to language, superfluous, unusual for the intelligent person. On the other hand, for today many philologists and linguists treat slang rather amicably and perceive it as a natural way of development of language. Linguists call slang the words which are contrary to norms of the literary language. Really, if attentively to listen to a youth slang, it is possible to find both lexicon of prisoners, and professional terms, and the deformed English words.

Despite it, there are also expressions which, being taken out of a context, sound quite literary, for example: "Don't run!" or "Don't brake!".

From the point of view of psychology, slang reflects a way of life of those who uses it. For example, the greatest number of names is thought up for designation of the person and his appearance, clothes and leisure. Very modest contribution to the youth slang is made by the words relating to study or work.

It is possible to call some reasons for which children and teenagers actively use slang. The first of them is very sad: school students simply don't have a literary lexicon to express the thought. Many children explain slang use by aspiration to a variety: after all always to speak correctly so boringly!

Today it is possible to observe penetration of slang lexicon into all spheres of human activity. Slang is used on radio and television, in the press, literature, on the Internet, not to mention oral communication of people practically all age, social groups and classes. After all slang is the "special" language, capable to transfer thought is deeper, more sharply, more emotionally and laconic. Therefore, ability competently to use language of slang allows not only to rank the person as a certain social group, but also to make attempt of rendering impact on consciousness of this person.

This subject interested us because cartoons play huge role in formation of a lexical stock of children, especially presently prompt development of technologies.

Topicality of the real research is caused by need of consideration of slang as mechanism of rendering impact on the viewer of English-speaking animation. Now slang is one of the most interesting and one of the least studied language systems of modern linguistics. Youth slang - one of components of development of language, its replenishment, its variety. Mainly materials of this research work also are devoted to these questions.

The aim of this research is studying of slang lexicon in modern English-language cartoons.

Object of research are slang units used in English-language cartoons.

The purpose and object of research caused statement of the following objectives:

1) to define the concept of "slang" and its versions;

2) to determine the functions of slang units;

3) to show the main types of slang lexicon;

4) to describe modern cartoons;

5) to analyze the characteristic of slang units used in modern English-language cartoons;

For the solution of objectives the following methods of research were used:

* the descriptive;

* theoretical analysis;

* method of continuous selection;

* method of the contextual analysis (it is obviously important as slang unit receives the realization in a context).

The theoretical significance of work is that the conducted research and its results can promote deeper studying and the description of essence of slang and its functioning in modern English.

The practical significance of work consists that its results can be used on a theoretical and practical training on a lexicology in higher educational institutions, and also on classes in English at high schools.

The structure of research includes introduction, two parts, conclusion and reference.

1. Slang as special layer of lexicon in language

1.1 Concept of a slang

In linguistics there is no accurate concept of slang. All lexicon of this or that language shares on literary and nonliterary. The literary treat:

1. book words

2. standard colloquial words

3. neutral words

This lexicon used either in literature, or in oral speech in an official situation. There is also nonliterary lexicon, we divide it on:

- Professionalism

- Vulgarisms

- Jargons

- Slang

This part of lexicon differs from the colloquial and informal character.

Professionalism is the words used by small groups of people, united by a certain profession.

Example: tin-fish (submarine), piper (specialist who decorates pastry with the use of a cream-pipe).

Vulgarisms are the rough words which usually aren't used by educated people in society, the special lexicon used by people of the lowest social status: prisoners, dealers in drugs, homeless, etc. Example: "He often ballses up our parties when he get hammered. "Balls up (= means to make a muddle or mess of or to throw into confusion).

Jargons are the words used by certain social or integrated common interests by groups which bear secret, unclear sense for all. Example: crackers (= crazy people); year dot (= long ago).

Slang is words which are often considered as violation of norms of standard language. These are very expressive, ironic words serving for designation of subjects about which speak in everyday life. Example: nerd/nurd (= person who studies a lot or is socially outdated); thrash (= perform well on a skateboard).

In an English lexicography the term "slang" was widely adopted approximately at the beginning of the last century. The etymology of this term is represented disputable and wasn't precisely established to any of the Soviet or foreign linguists dealing with this problem.

The figurative description of "slang" in J.B. Grinou and J.L. Kittridzha's known work in this regard is indicative: "slang -- language tramp which loafs in vicinities of the literary speech and constantly tries to make the way in life in the most refined society".

It should be noted that some scientific jargons carry to slang, thus, without allocating them as independent group, and slang define as the special lexicon used for communication of group of people with common interests.

The term "slang" in translation from English the speech socially or professionally isolated group contrary to the literary language. Slang is an option of informal conversation (including in expressive way painted elements of this speech), not coinciding with norm of the literary language.

Slang consists of words and phraseological units which arose and were originally used in separate social groups and reflected complete orientation of these groups.

On a problem of allocation or slang not allocation from some other both as concepts and as the term domestic linguists have some points of view. I.R. Galperin in the article "About the Term "Slang"", referring to uncertainty of this category, in general denies its existence. He claimed that "In a modern foreign lexicography the concept "slang" mixes up with such concepts as "dialecticism", "jargon", "vulgarism", "informal conversation", "popular speech" and others".

Its argument is based on results of researches of English scientific lexicographers, mainly on their experience in drawing up dictionaries of English which showed that one and too the word in various dictionaries has various linguistic recognition; one and too is given with rumpled "slang", "popular speech", or without every ones a dung that testifies to compliance to literary norm of language.

I.R. Galperin doesn't allow slang existence as separate independent category, suggesting the term "slang" to use as a synonym, an English equivalent of slang.

Y. Shumov gives the following definition: "The concept slang in French, slang in English is a kind of our speech which we use in oral communication, being among any social group of the people uniting on signs of a profession, to a social status, interests and age".

It is interesting to use opinion of the academician A.A.Shakhmatov who suggested to point attention to the similar phenomenon in this aspect, instead of to be fond of promotion of denial of slang and the instruction as it is necessary to speak.

V.A. Homyakov claims: "Slang is rather steady for a certain period, widely common, stylistically marked (lowered) lexical layer (nouns, adjectives and the verbs designating everyday occurrences, subjects, processes and signs), a component of the expressional popular speech entering the literary language, very non-uniform on the sources, extent of approach to the literary standard, possessing a pejorative expression".

In spite of the fact that many foreign theorists lexicologists stated the most various and inconsistent points of view on "slang", all of them come to the same conclusion: there is no a place to "slang" in the English literary language. This results from the fact that the concept "slang" of an English lexicography mixes up with words and phraseological units, absolutely diverse from the point of view of their stylistic coloring and use spheres.

However it isn't necessary to approach to slang only from a position of the researcher-linguist, as language - the phenomenon not static, but many-sided, and first of all on a way of expression (slang is present mainly at oral speech).

From the point of view of stylistics - slang, slang or is not a harmful parasitic outgrowth on a body of language which vulgarizes oral speech speaking, and organic and to some extent necessary part of this system.

Some researchers believe that the term slang is applied at us in two values: as slang synonym (but in relation to the English-speaking countries) and as set of slangy words, slangy values of well-known words, slangy phrases which belonging by origin to a different slang and have become, if not common, clear to rather wide range speaking Russian. Authors various slang dictionaries quite so understand slang.

1.2 Main types of slang

Slang consists of several microsystems specific to this or that semantic category:

1) slang relating to everyday lexicon:

To eat humble pie - means to be humiliated, reconcile;

Swiss cheese - means failure, bad job. That is in business there are so many "holes" or defects as in cheese, and it is possible to make a mistake on this business fine;

cut the mustard - means to achieve the objective, necessary result. However it is used with negative sense;

done to a T - means - to make in due form, to make simply ideally, to make a candy of something;

sink our teeth into - to bite into any business, a task, to be absorbed by it completely;

in a picle - to have problems, to get into a scrape.

2) slang educations describing the person:

Brain - the good, intelligent student;

grunt - the diligent student;

crack - the loony;

scut - the geek;

townie - the student living in the city;

billy goat - high-class "climber";

caveman - the person taking a leading position;

moocher - who has no tools (beggar);

bubba - the rough truck driver;

3) descriptions of a state and feeling of the person:

Jammed - upset;

blew out - being in a state of intoxication;

bushed - absolutely tired

february legs - "wadded" feet

4) money:

Duckets - money;

loot - money;

5) vehicles:

Two wheels - the bicycle;

horse - the bicycle;

squirrel cage - the truck;

6) clothes:

Jewels - very good pair of shoes;

7) social relations:

Blow off - to ignore or avoid someone;

down with that - to agree with someone, something;

yammer - to stir, едя by bicycle;

to tow in - to help the friend with HARDWARE towage;

8) emotions

woorty-woo! - pleasure expression;

badand - mistrust expression;

bang! - surprise expression;

aaaarg! Ahab! - indignation expression;

9) communication:

Lighten up! - Relax!

10) morals and religion

11) study:

Cram - to learn convulsively at night before examination;

12) computers and games

13) theater

14) sports:

cat and mouse - to compete for a leading position;

win hands down - an easy victory;

15) army

Use rhymed slang becomes popular every day, we will in more detail consider the matter. It also calls a dialect of the Cockney. Initially this word represented the name of scornful character relating to the resident of London. On the cockney the people who have left the lower class of the population, belonging to this city speak mainly. In other cities of the cockney doesn't meet. The cockney is a dialect of colloquial English.

In all slang Cockney rhyming slang dictionaries is one of the most extensive subjects. Expressions of this type of slang represent some connected words, last of which has to be rhymed with the word which is true value of the phrase (a defined subject). One of the most famous examples that is very seldom used in serious conversations. We will give some examples of this type of slang:

- "Let's have a butchers at that magazine" (butcher's hook = look).

- "I haven't heard a dicky bird about it" (dickie bird = word).

- "Use your loaf and think next time" (loaf of bread = head).

- "Did you half-inch that car? " (half-inch = pinch, meaning steal).

- "You will have to speak up, he's a bit mutton" (mutt'n'jeff = deaf).

- "I'm going on my tod" (tod sloan = alone, or own).

- "Are you telling porkies? " (porkies = pork pies = lies).

- "Are you going to rabbit all night? " (rabbit and pork = talk).

1.3 Functions of slang

As for slang functions, linguists don't adhere to the uniform point of view. One allocates three functions of slang: communicative, nominative and cognitive. Others to nominative and communicative emotive to functions add world outlook, alarm and function of psychological unloading. As a rule, to the main functions of slang lexicon carries: communicative, cognitive, nominative, expressional, world outlook, esoteric (or secret), identification (alarm) and function of saving of time (language economy). We will consider in more detail each of these functions.

Communicative function of slang is connected with that slang, first of all, is a means of communication of people. He allows one individual - telling - to express the thoughts, and to another - perceiving - to understand them, that is somehow to react, take into consideration, in conformity to change the behavior or the mental installations.

Communicative function of slang is carried out thanks to that slang speech is system of signs: in a different way simply it is impossible to communicate. And signs, in turn, also are intended to transfer information from the person to the person.

We will address to cognitive, or informative, function which is realized by youth slang extremely widely. Cognitive function of slang lexical units is shown that many names in slang bear in themselves the additional information which is absent in standard designations, and by means of it represent additional knowledge of world around.

Manifestation of nominative function in slang is promoted by the adaptation of young people to technical progress, and also fashion trends. Slang is, generally secondary lexical system in which the phenomena of surrounding life receive the names coexisting with standards of the literary language. But for slang the words which don't have compliances in national language and in everyday informal conversation are also characteristic.

Slang not only designates contradicting morals and the phenomenon law, it expresses also a certain attitude towards them - neutral, positive or a little haughty and scornful - expressional function of slang is so carried out. At slang lexical units surely there are all types of connotations: emotional component in most cases ironical, contemptuous and, respectively, the estimated. Slangs always have synonyms in literary lexicon and, thus, are as though the second, more expressional, than usual, names of the subjects for some reason or other causing the emotional relation to. Their expressivity relies on figurativeness, wit, surprise and sometimes amusing distortion. Expressional coloring of the slang reflecting in the speech various negative phenomena, inherent in reality is especially bright.

World outlook function of slang is shown that age and professional features of the speech have impact on language telling, their belonging to this or that social environment, and also the distinctions connected with degree of culture and education. The same person can own several norms or the options of a pronunciation occurring in language, and to use them depending on a communication situation. In real life so-called "upper class" of society not so surely and not always uses the literary standard, and "lower class" - a social, city or local dialect. Existence of social dialects is generated, eventually, by a class differentiation of society, but concrete forms of social differentiation of language aren't attached rectilinearly and unambiguously to public classes.

We will note that world outlook function is connected with esoteric. Realization of this function of slang is defined by its specifics - rather closed nature of functioning in comparison with the literary language. Slang lexical units reflect inherent in members of any group feeling of solidarity or even the hostile, unfriendly, derisive attitude towards strangers. This opposition "of" to "strangers" finds reflection in a series the pejorative of slang applied concerning strangers, not capable to become "", to join this or that group.

Identification function some scientists call alarm, and it is also connected with esoteric function. Its essence consists that slang is some kind of password, allowing to identify "" among other (on a conversation manner, gestures, etc.), it facilitates search of the necessary persons, helps to establish and support specific contacts. During conversation the speaking signals about himself, about the world surrounding it; according to his speech there is a clear idea of its social status, age, a regional origin (as for a certain dialect phonetic, grammatical, lexical lines are characteristic). The speaking emphasizes with speech behavior readiness to keep in touch with members of this group.

Function of saving of time slang helps to save time and a place. Implementers of this function are abbreviation, reductions, and also various inscriptions reductions in written language.

2. Analysis of slang units in modern English-language cartoons

2.1 History of animation and characteristic of modern cartoons

The animated movie (animated film) -- the type of the motion picture art, which work are created by a method of time-lapse shooting of consecutive phases of movement drawn (graphic or drawn animation) or volume (volume or doll animation) objects. Animators (animators) are engaged in art of animation.

Cartoons (the final product of animation) are created by or time-lapse shooting step by step manually moved motionless objects, or a portrayal (on celluloid, paper or in the computer) phases of movements of objects, with their further combination in a uniform video series.

The history of animation begins on July 20, 1877 in France when the engineer self-educated person Emil Reynaud created and presented to public the first praksinoscope. On October 28, 1892 Emil Reynaud shows in the Parisian Museum Greven the first graphic tape by means of the devices "optical theatre" operating differently, than a film projector -- to the cinema invention.

The first cartoons represented the pantomimes drawn and painted by hand duration up to fifteen minutes. Already then the soundtrack synchronized with the image could be applied. Reynaud created also cartoons in which along with drawings photos were applied. Further the contribution to development of animation was made by other animators, creating pictures in various genres and technicians.

Now usually show only full-length cartoons though sometimes (for example, at many Disney's cartoons) before the full-length show the short animated film. Modern cartoons, as a rule, have an easy and entertaining plot. Plot of entertaining character, with elements of humor and the happy end. Certainly, it is explained by an example of the American film products for which these features are characteristic. At such cartoons often there are fantastic, ideal, comic heroes, manifestation of their merits in animated movies is born by elements of positive behavior.

The general video series of the animated film is urged to strike perception and imagination of the viewer. The whole branch of experts works on it. The general background, beauty of the nature or its horror, images of ultramodern equipment, appearance of heroes and characters strive for perfection. It makes intensive impact on all sense organs of the child, especially if action happens on the big screen. Music is urged to reflect the general emotional mood, value or a rhythm of events in the animated film.

Set of modern cartoons have accurately expressed gender addressing: cartoons for girls and cartoons for boys. At preschool age such division has no serious developing problem and is pertinent at more advanced ages. Such gender specification results in dissociation in games with toys - girls with fashionable dolls (Barbie, Winx, Brats), boys with superheroes (Batman, the Spiderman, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles). The cartoons focused on the audience of both floors, it is significantly less.

On June 15, 2011 the round table which has taken place within the 1st Kazakhstan festival of animation movies was carried out. Animators, representatives of national TV companies, educational institutions and film theatrical networks took part in its work. In their opinion, animation is in Kazakhstan in embryo, for example on Balapan TV channel in day there are 9 serial rulers, Kazakhfilm can offer us only 40 animated cartoons that is obviously not enough.

The most popular full-length cartoons for 2013 are: "University of monsters", "Smurfs 2", "Family of Cruds".

2.2 The slang units used in cartoons

We chose three cartoon serials which are rather popular among children for this time:

Time of Adventures with Finn and Jake (English Adventure Time with Finn and Jake) -- the American animation series created by Pendleton Ward in 2010. The series began with the short animated film which was nominated for the award "Annie" for the best short animation film in 2009.

Action of series happens in the world called Uuu who allegedly is our world which has endured about 1000 years ago atomic warfare. After this war the survived people of Earth mutated, and the magic came to the world. The boy Finn and dog Jake live in the house on a tree and above all love adventures. They either find them, or Finn and Jake -- the heroes saving the world from a disorder and chaos receive as missions from inhabitants of Earth of Uuu, after all.

We will give some examples of slang followed from this animated film:

asshole - the bad person, "radish", "goat" (abstracting from a literal translation);

at ease - (the soldier. ) "at ease!";

attic - the head, "roof", "attic";

bastard - the bastard. (quite frequent mot);

bats - the loony. Still speak so: "he has bats in the attic" - at it a roof moved down;

be off one's rocker - to go mad, bring "roof" to "congress".

beat it! - go away! beat it!.

brain drain - "brain drain";

bro' - is reduced. From brother;

creep - the moron, the loony, the moron.

Wimp - the offensive nickname, meaning "weakling", "mother's darling".

Usual Show (English Regular Show) -- the American cartoon serial of production of the Cartoon Network TV channel let out in air on September 6, 2010. The cartoon serial also received Emmy in 2012.

The series narrate about adventures of two friends, Mordecai's blue jay and a raccoon of Rigbi. They work in city park together with the friends. Mordecai and Rigbi constantly try to avoid work and to have fun, but they often should pay for the irresponsibility. Thinking only about fun, friends always get to, apparently, desperate situations. But at the end they all the same manage to get out of awkward situation.

Below examples of slang expressions used in this cartoon serial are given:

after while, crocodile! - bye bye!

armpit - the mean settlement; "hole";

buck - dollar;

buddy - the friend, buddy;

bullshit! Nonsense! nonsense! lie! .

chick - "chick";

chickenshit - the coward;

crap - a junk, nonsense, nonsense;

dork - the blockhead, the fool;

egghead - the intellectual, "pool'- difficult

heck! - the same, as hell - the devil!

hunky-dory - something very cool, "super";

jerk - a pettiness, the milksop;

loony = loonie - cranky, "sleepwalker";

punk - the milksop;

pussycat - the "kitty", the lovely girl;

see you later, alligator! - bye bye!

stokin' - cool, excellent;

sucker - the sucker, the greenhorn;

to make eyes at - to make eyes;

to scare the hell out of somebody - to frighten someone to death;

wacky - the madman, mad;

wreck - stuff

"Penguins from Madagascar" (English The Penguins of Madagascar) - the American cartoon serial of production of the Nickelodeon and DreamWorks Animation company. It is backs-offom of animated movies "Madagascar". The main characters of these series are the well-known penguins' commandos. Into Russian it was sounded by request of TNT and SDI-Media by request of Nickelodeon.

The series were started in the USA on November 28, 2008 for a holiday Thanksgiving Day and collected 6-million audiences, having as a result become very popular. In Kazakhstan since 2011 the series are broadcast on NTK, and since 2010 are broadcast in Russia on the channel 2x2 and THT. In 2015 the feature film is expected.

The plot of a picture narrates about four penguins: Kovalski, Rico, the Private and the Skipper, from a zoo of the Central park of New York -- elite group of a special purpose with unsurpassed fighting skills and a confidential staff. They are urged to keep order in a zoo, stopping attempts of the king Julian individually to dominate a zoo. Stand on a war track with the eternal opponents -- a dolphin Bloukhol and Hans Deadlock.

Below examples of slangs used in this cartoon serial are given:

bananas - the loony. There is still such expression: "go bananas" - to go mad

Bang - is healthy, is coolly bridled

B-ball - basketball = basketball.

betcha! - we argue! on a bet!

Boob tube - a TV set, "the blue screen"

Deadbeat - the cheapskate;

Dig - to drive (to understand);

gee! - wow!

Go ape - to become stupid, crazy to go;

Green buck - a dollar, "greens";

Green with envy - to become green with envy;

Jee! - exclamation derivative of Jesus;

Living end - is astounding, "simply fantasy!";

Muchoman (machoman or mucho) - from Spanish "mucho" - strong, cool, the superman.

Nobody home - "at you is all houses?"

Odd ball - (informal) the eccentric personality, "black sheep", "a mad hare", abnormal;

Oh boy! I don't think! ", "wow!"

Rat race - a mess, bustle, chaos;

Screw around - "to drag the fool;

Shake a leg - move, move with a bum, in a word, hasten;

there you go - Hurrah! Well you well done!

tough guy - the cool dude;

Under a cloud - under suspicion;

Whale away - will pile (punches): - Whale him away with both fits! - Throw to it from both hands!

Zip (zippo) - zero, anything, a zero;

Zip it - "shut up" to shut up, be closed, be sewn up;

Big cheese - the boss, "the big cone"

Chicken (adjective or noun) = coward

Chow down - to eat chow (see above).

The phraseology of an English-speaking slang draws attention of researchers, lexicographers worldwide. It is enough to call a number of the large English-language dictionaries which authors include units of this many-sided and interesting phenomenon, treasures of a living language in the case of lexicographic editions: Farmer J.S. and W.E. Henley (1996), Lighter J.E. (1994, 1997), Green J. (2000) Spears R.A. (1991) Wentworth H. And S.B. Flexner (1975), etc. A large number of slang units presented in cartoons provided above, are phraseological units or are formed from phrasal verbs. It is possible to give many examples:

Bam bam to the j-stop - is inconvenient to sit;

Drive somebody crazy - to bring together someone from mind;

Have kittens - to be nervous;

Hit the sack - to go to bed;

Keep an eye on - to watch someone, etc.

Knock it off - to stop conversation;

Long shot - isn't enough chances of success;

No sweat - is a duck soup, without effort;

On one's toes - on call;

Out of lunch - to be scattered;

Pay through the nose - to overpay;

Pig out - to overeat many to eat;

Play it safe - to avoid risk;

Also different types of abbreviations, acronyms and the truncated forms, for example meet:

B (brother) - the brother;

LSP - (Lumpy Space Princess) the Princess of the Bubbly Country;

P (parent) - the parent;

See ya! With ya! - "We will meet!".

What's up? Wussup? - how are you doing?;

It is necessary to allocate as well slangizm formed by change of a word meaning. Here some examples:

Chilling - to have a rest, relax (also it is translated as "to cool").

Damage - the price (also it is translated as "damage");

Glob - the Deity (also it is translated as "lump");

Hyper - angered (other value "exceeding norm");

Skips - sneakers (other translation "jump");

Stuff - to deceive ("to fill" other translation);

Conclusion

Today slang is an integral part of English. It reflects specificity of modern unique life. Attractiveness to slang and phraseological expressions it is connected with that people can use slang in the most different situations - to state the friendliness and loyalty to the interlocutor, as a joke. Slang can cause various reactions, for example, being popular, it can arrange the interlocutor and on the contrary push away. But correctly used slang always awakens a certain interest.

Presently high speeds language too is exposed to prompt change. Words and expressions become simpler, reduced, there are more abbreviations, they save time, it is very convenient and simple. Therefore slang got presently such advantage, and starts developing progressively. Because of the accuracy, brevity, capacity and pithiness, it becomes more preferable in conversation, and in our case and in animations. Due to the scientific and technical progress use of the short exact speech became need for everyday communication for social networks, chats, instant messaging. It is very difficult to reject or ignore any slang expression if it as is impossible fully and precisely reflects idea, thought and a state at the time of the speech.

The paradox of slang is that people look down on slang, with neglect, but can't do without it.

In our work we tried to study features of an English slang fully. Having considered and having analyzed the works of various authors devoted to slang, we stopped on the definition of slang given by the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary and The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English dictionaries in which slang the option of informal conversation (including in expressive way painted elements of this speech), not coinciding with" is defined by norm of the literary language as ". In theoretical part we analyzed the relation of various linguists to slang, as to linguistic unit of language. Also, in this work we consecrated the main functions of slang, basic of which - communicative, cognitive, nominative, world outlook. We, certainly, couldn't but stop the main on types of slang units. All higher told, it is displayed in theoretical part of this project.

In practical part of our work we gave the characteristic of modern animation, considered some aspects of development of animation in Kazakhstan. Studied application of slang units on the example of three popular among children and teenagers of the American cartoon serials "Adventure Time with Finn and Jake", "Penguins of Madagascar" and "Regular Show" and revealed in them slang units, and also gave examples of phrasal verbs.

In this work we tried to analyze functions of slang units used in these cartoons and to classify these slang units. Thus, we revealed that slang units in cartoons are generally used for creation of comic effect, for drawing attention by the singularity, for relief of understanding of sense. In the conclusion came to a conclusion that slangs are rather often used in popular cartoons that gives fine possibility of application of our research in work with children and teenagers. Slang units which are using in cartoons, in the majority designate any nouns or these are special exclamations which will be able really to make English lessons entertaining and bright. Therefore, we as future teachers, have to understand all importance and ponder ability of slang speech and also to use the best efforts fully to use the latest technologies and to make each lesson unique, and shouldn't neglect use at all and studying of special layer of lexicon in language, slang.

Goals were reached, we considered:

1. history of development of term slang also defined slang status in modern English;

2. considered slang functioning in English.

3. considered different types of slang, gave necessary examples and tried to give an adequate translation.

Proceeding from our research, we with accuracy can tell, what not all cartoon serials broadcast on television promote development of children. Having studied examples of slangs of the English used in modern cartoon serials, and having given them definition and equivalents in Russian, in the future we would like to apply them at lessons English language as an additional grant.

slang linguistic cartoon abbreviation

List of used literature

1. Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 8th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. UK, 2010. - 1796 p.

2. Aarc, B., Leech, J. The verb phrase in English.: Cambridge University Press. USA, 2013. - 470 p.

3. Ayto, J. The Oxford Dictionary of Rhyming Slang.: Oxford University Press, 2002. - 360 p.

4. Davis, A. Native Speakers and Native Users.: Cambridge University Press. USA, 2013. - 186 p.

5. Green, J. Cassell's Dictionary of Slang, London, 2004. - 1326 p.

6. Kim, B. The Frameworks of English.: Palgrave Macmillan. UK, 2013. - 413 p.

7. Zimmer, B. The Definitive Slang Dictionary. New York Times, April 1, 2011.

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