“Shut up, now, Holden,” he said with his big stupid red face. “Just shut up, now.”

“You don't even know if her first name is Jane or Jean, ya goddam moron!”

“Now, shut up, Holden, God damn it - I'm warning ya,” he said - I really had him going.

3) appeal not to rush (Hold it ! They're still in the hall, we might be able to hear something);

4) demands to stop the conversation on the topic, or to be silent (Ssshh! There's someone moving inside. You'll have to go).

Separate speech acts are interjections that have agreement on something. These are:

1) affirmative response, a positive reaction for the certain situation, the permit (May I borrow your paper? - By all means; all means, all right, all yours, as you say; aye, aye; by all means; can a duck swim?, capital; fair enough; I don't caresir, very well and good; will do, with pleasure).

2) expression of mutual understanding, agreement (I'll handle it. - Okay; agreed, all right; done; it's a bargain, it's a deal, it's a go, it's a match; point taken, put it there; right; shakе on it, so be it; that's a bargain.);

For example:

- Well… I know everyone makes mistakes. And it's a sign of character to give a person a second chance, right?

- Right. I'm with you.,

3) expression of the same thought (You do not usually take this class? - Quite correct; and a good jobwas that; just so; now you're talking; quite, quite correct, quite right, quite so; same here, so it isright; well done, you can say that again, you may well say so it, you said it, you've got a point there).

Interjection of negation, disagreement are divided into two subgroups:

1. interjections which express negative answer to the request, suggestion, the prohibition (Will you lend me Ј 5? - Nothing doing; a lot you care, all well and good, any more bright ideaspaid me, I'd rather not, I'll see you blowedfurther first, I'll see you in hell first; like hell; no chance, no comment, no fear, no joy, no such luck, no way, not at any price, not by a great deal, not by a long chalk way, not for anything, not for the love of methe worlds, not if I can help it, not on your life, nothing of the kind with it, you know where you can put it).

2. interjections which express disagreement, divergence of thoughts of the speaker with the interlocutor (aren't you smart, catch me, don't be crazyfatpleasestory, that doeshe's etc. got another think coming)

What kind of someone else? - Some kind of fink - Rubbish.

The illocutionary force of utterance that express disagreement varies from not categorical disagreement I wouldn't say that, indifference just as you likewish, disapproval it'snot on to categorical disagreement how wrong you are, rubbish, the same old game. The majority of such interjections are stylistic coloured don't make me laugh, look who's talking, up yours, and their usage is characteristic for informal communication. Other units - I beg to differ, I wouldn't say that, on the contrary - are stylistic neutral and can be used in different situations of communication.

As V. Vinogradov remarked, imperative mood is at the periphery of the verbal system, as interjections move it. Confirmation of this point of view can be found in the works by N. I. Formanovskaya, who notes that “the imperative of system-structural examination get into paradigm of irreal ways of verb” [23, p. 38].

2.2.2 Emotive interjections

Interjections have a specific meaning however, they have a number of meanings ??that are realized only in the context, that is, for them very important is pragmatic information about the environment. The number of English interjections of contextually-conditioned pragmatic meaning is quite wide. They can be classified according to those emotional characteristics, specific values of which ??are found in the context. They relate mainly with pragmatic subject, expressing his emotions and feelings, reactions to the content of expression, different mental state, that is, that they are addresser-oriented. It should be noted that interjections are integral components of complicated speech acts and express additional pragmatic meanings.

Interjections with one and the same sound systems may operate in different contexts, and therefore be part of different semantic content fields. Therefore interjections ah, oh, my God, Jesus Christ, dear me, heavens, I say, well and others do not have their own illocutionary force. Their meaning can be understood only in the context. Often these interjections may have the opposite meaning, and thus belong to different semantic fields: joy, sadness, sarcasm, anger and so on.

T. Wharton noticed: "... people use a wide range of paralinguistic and non-linguistic behavior for communication, such as facial expressions, gestures, intonation [39, p. 176].

If we take into account the interjection oh, we can say that every usage has some emotional stress. This interjection is very common in spoken English. To prove it we may note that only in one story F. S. Fitzgerald “Bernice Bobs Her Hair” the interjection oh in different meanings ??is used 12 times.

For example the interjection Oh in different cases may express:

· Desire;

· Prayer;

· Hesitation;

· Despair;

· Apology;

· Tiredness;

· Anger;

· Reproach;

· Mental and physical pain;

· Negation;

· Time-filler;

· Admiration;

· Agitation;

· Agreement;

· Surprise;

· Embarrassment;

· Disrespect;

· Irony;

· Request;

· Unbelief;

· Uncertainty;

· Suddenness;

· Impatience;

· Neglect;

· Tenderness;

· Indignation;

· Disgust;

· Exclamation;

· Shock;

· Facilitation;

E. g. Bernice drew in her breath sharply.

“Oh!” It was a little half-cry.

Marjorie looked up in surprise.

“Didn't you say you were going?”

“Yes, but…”

“Oh, you were only bluffing!” [20, p. 34]

e.g. “Oh, my Lord!” cried Marjorie in desperation. “You little nut! Girls like you are responsible for all the tiresome colorless marriges; all those ghastly inefficiencies that pass nas feminine qualitues.” [20, p. 37]

Lexicographical description of interjections suffered serious criticism in the works by Wierzbicka, F. Ameka, I. Sharonova and N. Dobrodushna. The lattest devoted to this problem special article. A. Wierzbicka notes that the interpretation of interjections, including emotional, not intended for general use interjections in active speech as in dictionaries interpretation does not belong to the type of interpretation that could be helpful to learn how to use them.

Thus, interjections express almost the whole range of human emotions and feelings. In this regard, interjections of contextually conditioned value can be divided into several groups, each of which depending on the context, the situation is divided into subgroups. So all interjections we will divide into those expressing positive emotions and those expressing negative emotions.

Interjections, expressing positive emotions include a wide range of pleasant feelings and experiences:

1. joy and passion: ah!, aha!, bless me!, Jove!, ha!, hah!, heigh!, hey!, heh!, hoy!, hurra!, hooray!, Lord!, Oh, Lord!, my!, oh my!, my-o-my!, O!, Oh!, say!

e.g.: “Admirable! What did I tell you? Hear, hear!”

2. excitement inspiration: hurra!, hooray! oo!

e.g.: “Hurrah for Chapayev!... Hurrah! Hurrah!”[48, p. 356]

3. joyful commotion: dear!, dear me!, deary-me!, oh God!, good God!, dear God!, Good Lord!, heigh!, heh!, here!, ho!, look!, look here!, wow!

e.g.: “Good Lord! - I know them all, every one”

“We've been granted a leave. Now we'll go on the spree for a couple of days. Fine!” [48, p. 181]

4. sympathy: : indeed, oh

e.g.: “That heathery, salty, fresh smell. Oh - lovely, lovely”

5. facilitation: George!, now! now then! o! oh! whew!

e.g.: “Whew,” Akimov stood up and caught his breath. [48, p. 357]

6. satisfaction: “Oh, very well, very well: I will write another prescription”

Among interjections that express negative emotions we can distinguish such groups that convey:

1. sorrow, agitation, disappointment: ah!, bless me!, o!, I say!, well!

e.g.: “Well, we were civilized and happy once.”

2. unpleasant feelings: my!, oh my!, my-o-my!, phew!, Lord!; oh, Lord!, um! e.g.: “I've been obliged to dance myself. Phew!”

“Oh, dear how tired I am. After, I've been seeing to things the whole morning.” [48, p. 358]

3. embarrassmen, nervous feeling: ah!, aha!, bless me!, eh!, ha!, haw!, o!, oh!, say!, ugh!, well!, why!, yes!

e.g.: “Ah! Yes, I know…”

Rather awkwardly: “Why-yes-pretty good”

4. irritability, nervousness: go to hell!, hell!, pardon!, pardon me!

e.g.: “But - but - pardon me - is it because you don't intend there should be any more song? Is that your intention?”

5. disappointment: my God!, oh my God!

e.g.: “My God! I've been screaming with boredom at you for months and months.”

6. contempt: humph! Jove! o! oh! whew!

e.g.: “By Jove! That fellow smells a rat!”

7. disgust: ha! hah! hat! Ugh!

e.g.: “Pah! Everuthing's topsy-turvy, the wrong way round” [48, p. 347]

8. the physical and emotional pain and suffering

e.g.: “Wow! My shin!” Here the interjection wow transmits physical pain, but in “Ah ... no! For my mind is made up!” the interjection ah transmits mental pain.

9. indignation: gracious!, good gracious!, ha!, hah!, indeed!, Jove!, no!, o!, oh!, really!, say!, well!

e.g.: “Ha! I'm not a tame cat…”

10. annoyance: ah! George! God! my God! oh my God! Jove! o! oh! I see! tcha! tch! tut! tt! well, I never! yah! yach!

e.g.: “Yach! That's what makes the medical student the most disgusting figure in modem civilization.”

11. pitilessness: “Ah-h-h! You've done your hair up…”

12. despair: Christ! dear! dear me! deary - my! George! God! my God! oh my God! Jove! o! oh! о God! Ah God! good God! dear God! good Lord!

e.g.: “Oh dear! Oh dear! Nothing ever happens to me that happens to other people.”

Despite these interjection that express different feelings, many researcher distinguish also interjections that express various psychic states - positive or negative: you!, gracious!, good gracious!, good heavens!, hat!, go to hell!, hell!, hem!, hum!, h 'm!, I'm blowed!, mm!, Lord!, oh, Lord!; good Lord!, my!, oh my!, my-o-my!, o!, oh!, oho!, oo!, really!; oh, really!; say!, I see!; well, I never!; what oh!, why!

e.g.: “Ah me! Pretty as a bride she's looking, poor mother! Innocent as a dove, may her soul rest in peace! ” [48, p. 42]

1. surprise (positive and negative): “Dear me, you are smart”

“Here's a whacking letter from the family solicitor.”

“Great Heavens! Seventy! Two hundred!”

2. anxiety: “Ah, if sleep was to you a presage of horror!”

3. impatience: “Well, you'll have to call at his office. - Oh, dear! Where is his office?”

4. doubt: “Poor Katherina! Pretending you don't care about anything now but the music. Нumph!”

5. fear: “Great heavens, man, you don't mean to say you sent her for a throat operation!”

6. tiredness: “Oh, but I am sleepy!”

7. helplessness: “Oh, dear, dear, you do look a sight, Dad. I don't know who looks the worst, you or this room”

8. unbelief: “Any Jiggings can see that she's a bit gone on our friend - (freezingly) Indeed!”

9. recollection about everything in the past: “Ah, that reminds me…”

Interjection utterances say! say! see! in different contexts have different meaning of either pleasant or unpleasant surprise. For example: “І say: I am in a luck today”, in this example I say is connected with pleasant surprise, but in

“Their father's dead - heart failure”

“Yes: I see”

Interjection utterance I see is connected with negative emotions.

It is worth noticing that the usage of interjection is connected with non-verbal means and in the first place with intonation. It cannot be denied that intonation is inalienable from the speech.

Interjections which express request from expression simple desire to urgent request and desire to avoid the request: “Ah! I wish you would fall in love; ...rather embarrassed and touched: “No, please, please!” They include interjections with illocutionary force of :

· invitation: “Come, now; isn't there anything you feel you'd like to say”

· irony: ah!, ho!, indeed!, o!, oh!, say!, soho!, what!

e.g.: “They think that now, sir, no more trouble from them. - Indeed” and sarcasm: : ha!, hah!, o!, oh!

e.g.: “Free England! Ha!”

· laughter: ha-ha!, how!

e.g.: “That's the best - ha ha ha.”

· mockery: aha!, ha!, hah!, ha ha!, really!, tut!, tt!, yach!, yah!.

e.g.: He turns again, angrily mocking at her: “Ha! ha! ha! What are you laughing at?”

· arrogance: ha!, hah!

e.g.: “На. Here's a league o'youth.”

· reproach: “Come on, you can do better than that!”

· fear: Eh

e.g.: “Eh? What's that?”

· realization of foreboding: aha!, course!

e.g.: “Aha!” said Uncle Vernon in a triumphant whisper.

· warning: : hullo, whist

e.g.: “Hullo! You mustn't neglect this, you know.”

· threatening: pardon!, beg your pardon

e.g.: “Then there is something between you and this fellow?”

“I beg your pardon!”

· protest: ah!, hang it!, look!, look here!, how!, now then!, oho!, pardon!, please!, really!, say!, what oh!, why!

e.g.: “Oh! But - I beg pardons - there's some mistake”

· abuse: blazes!, Christ! deuce!

e.g.: “Perhaps you can tell me what the deuce I've come for?”

· damnation: : blazes!, blow it!, George!, by God!, good heavens!, great heavens!, hang it!, go to hell!, hell!, I'm blowed!

e.g.: “Oh, hell! Why are we fighting again?”

Interjections can form synonymic lines. For example, anger, annoyance, anger - ah! George! God! oh my God! Jove! tut! yach! yah!; ridicule, irony, sarcasm, laughter, etc.: ah! ho! indeed! o! oh! say! ha-ho! haw! really! tut!; They also form antonymic couples: facilitation - difficulty: now! Oh! oh! whew! - Well, bless me; admiration - indignation: ah! hooray! - Good gracious, etc. As we can see interjections serve the emotional side of life.

2.2.3 Interjections of speech etiquette

First of all it is worth noticing the definition of speech etiquette. Speech etiquette presents in total verbal form of courtesy courtesy, politeness, etc. N. I. Formanonskaya give such a definition to the speech etiquette: “Under the speech etiquette we understand developed by society the rules of verbal behavior that are obligatory for all members of society, nationally specific, stable set out in the speech formulae, but at the same time historically volatile” [21].

Forms of politeness take very important role in our life.

It is indisputable that the main aim of speech is to be means of communication, means of formation, reporting thoughts about surrounding, and also as a means of accumulation and saving also ideas, knowledge. Except these functions, there are others, especially important ones.

The main functions of speech etiquette are:

· Social function, that extends in such speech acts, when speaker tries to pay attention of the listener to him, prepares him to the informing some news. So this function serves speech contact between speakers;

· Appeal function (or inviting), when the speaker wants listeners attention, attract his attention;

· Function of willingness especially with respect to the interlocutor, influencing on him. This function reveals in the situations of request, invitation, permission, suggestion or advice;

· Emotive function that is connected with expression of emotions, feelings and relationship with people.

It is clear from all mentioned above that speech etiquette reveals a set of stereotype phrases, settled formula: Hi!, God! Well, etc.

All these functions in speech are realized with the help of interjections. But it is very important to know that in English there are no formal differentiation between forms Ти and Ви as in Ukrainian. In English there is only one pronoun You. In XVII century there was pronoun Thou, but now it is not used any more in Modern English. It can only be found in literature or in The Bible. It can be illustrated in the following scheme.



So interjection of speech etiquette can be divided into:

· interjections-greetings - are used both independently and as mean of organization the communication. If it is used independently, it functions as simple act of politeness. They are as follows: good afternoon /day /evening/ morning; hello, hi, how do you do, etc.

e.g.: “Good afternoon,” he greeted Fedot, putting a sunburnt hand to the edge of his black hat.

“Afternoon,” said Fedot and paused inquiringl [48, p. 142]

Such interjections as Good morning or Good afternoon! are limited in time to use them (in the morning, in the afternoon, or at night ). In the case when the meeting is from the morning to the noon people say "Good morning” but if vice versa they use “Good afternoon”.

Now “How do you do?” as a greeting we can be heard only among the older generation.

Hello/Hallo/Hullo! Hi! Morning! Afternoon! Evening!

There are also interjections that are used when you meet someone with a great surprise. They are rather neutral: Oh! Why, this is a surprise! This is a surprise! Look who's here!

· interjections-attention attractant - More often to attract attention people use such interjections: hey, hi there, attention, I say, listen, Excuse me,... Pardon me,... etc.

e.g.: “Attention! Attention!” This is Polar Radio Centre at latitude seventy-two degrees north. Greeting to all polar explorers.' [48, p. 75]

Ahem! - is a sound that person makes in his throat to attract someone's attention when he wants to speak to other people, to warn them.

Sometimes “Look here!” introduces expressions, that express protest, dissatisfaction of something or to someone:

For example: Look here, you can't talk to me like that!

Miss - is possible form to address to a girl, or to a young woman . To attract attention of shop assistants to customers they can use “Miss”.

When people are in good relationships despite the age, when people that are equal between themselves communicate, so they use their own names: For example: Elizabeth: Lisa, Elsie, Libby, Beth, Bet, Betty, Betsy, Bess, Bessie William: Will, Willie, Willy, Bill, Billy Edward: Ed, Eddie, eddy, Ned, Neddie, Neddy, Ted, Teddie, Teddy

· interjections-pause filler - are m…er…, you know, etc. While using them the speaker gain time by pondering the content of a dictum and simultaneously give an opportunity to the collocutor to understand that the dictum is not over.

If the speech is peppered with pause fillers, it disrupts the enjoyment of presentation and the appreciation of the message. However for most people, pause fillers do become somewhat of a `plague' when left unchecked. They give the impression that the speaker is lacking in confidence and ill-prepared. Hence it is imperative that people strive to minimize them as much as they can. Words may be inappropriate interjections, such as and, well, but, so, you know, ah, um, er. This is called Pause fillers. If you wonder why we do it daily, it subconsciously affects our thoughts.

e.g.: “You asked me an amusing question…Hm-m… I thought you were better acquainted with chemistry. Hm-m… ” [48, p.. 101]

“Fedya, do you remember this time fifteen years ago?”

“Fifteen years ago? … Hm-m… Fifteen…No, can't put my mind to it”

[48, p. 101]

Interjections like er and um are also known as “hesitation devices”. They are extremely common in English. People use them when they don't know what to say, or to indicate that they are thinking about what to say. People should learn to recognize them when they hear them and realize that they have no real meaning.

e.g.: “Hmm…. I'm not sure about that”

· interjections-farewell - Among them distinguishes interjections which are used during farewell (bye) and interjections which are used both as greetings and as farewell (hello, hi).

Usually when a guest wants to say goodbye, as is typical of the British, he tries to mitigate the possible categorical formula Goodbye. The person uses appropriate design of intonation, expressions of gratitude, regret that they need to go, and etc.: "Well, musn't keep you". “Goodbye, must dash/fly/be going.” "I'll be cutting along now" [22, p. 31].

Interjections-wishes of success and good are used as farewell: all the best, bon voyage, etc.

e.g.: “See you!” said Sintsov.

“All the best!” replied Malinin [48, p. 94]

“Good luck, guys, be careful there...- Thanks”

Interjections- notification that include request to be careful and attentive: take care, careful!, look out!, look ahead, beware of smth.!.

e.g.: “Take care, Mr. Grushnitsky”, I said to myself as I paced up and down the room, you can't trifle thus with me. You might have to pay dearly for the approbation of your stupid comrades. I am not a toy for you to play with! [48, p. 50]

Interjections- indication about next meeting are as follows: till tomorrow/ the next time, so long, see you, etc.

e.g.: “Well, so long!” Volodya said, holding out his hand.

`So long.'

· interjections-apology - I'm sorry, pardon me, excuse me. This group is subdivided into:

Interjections- confession of one's fault: my fault, Excuse my omission.

Sorry. My fault.

Interjections- request not to be offended: no hard feelings

Interjections-promise not to repeat the same actions or words: won't do/ say it again.

“Please excuse me from the table.” In this use, “excuse” means “Please forgive me for leaving the table.” This is the same usage for “Excuse me.” used when you pass someone, bump into someone, or interrupt someone.

If the company is polite the listener has to say response on the apology. The most commonly used and stylistically neutral are: It's quite all right.

Oh, that's all right.

Never mind.

· interjections-gratitude -are an integral part of speech etiquette. They are as follows: thank you/ thanks, you shouldn't have, it's no trouble, it's nothing, that's OK, no problem etc.

e.g.: “Thank you, Sasha, thank you. You have no idea how happy I am to see you!” [48, p. 319]

“All right, all right… We'll perform a small operation today and then everything will go much better” [48, p. 232]

· interjections-congratulation. They include not only congratulation, but also toasts, thanks, sympathies, invitations, etc. They are: Merry Christmas, Happy Birthday (to you), welcome, etc.

For occasions for congratulations English tradition has significant differences that should be minded. English speech etiquette includes greetings, in the strict sense of the word, on the occasion of marriage, birthday, winning in sports and other strictly a family or personal reasons. It is not accepted to congratulate each other on public holidays (Independence Day, the Queen's birthday, etc.) or days of celebrations, established in honor or memory of someone. People exchange greetings, wishes usually only on Christmas Day (Marry Christmas!; Replica response: Marry Christmas!), New Year (Happy New Year!; Replica response: Happy New Year! A very Happy New Year! (The) Same to you!) .

In the UK, by the rules of etiquette gifting a presentation should not be accompanied by any strong statements. If, for example, the occasion is a birthday gift that is given in wrapped form with words Happy Birthday! or Many happy returns of the day!. Person receiving the gift, immediately takes the package, unwraps it and thanks the guest. Flowers also must be awarded in the shopping package.

e.g.: “Ah, your honour!” said Pugachev, when he saw me, “come and be my guest; here is a place for you, you are very welcome.” [48, p. 120]

They perform different functions in communication:

ь The end of the speech act together with farewell - all the best.

For example:

“See you!” said Sintsov.

“All the best!” replied Malinin [48, p. 95]

ь Wishes of success and good during congratulation with holidays or different events in one's life, or luck in a business. It also may be the wish to have a good meal: bon appetit!, bless you, etc.

To make a conclusion, communication between people is definitely diverse and can be characterized with various sides, especially the socio-ethical and linguistic. This is a multi-level process that is characterized by a series of successive unfolding phases. However, of all the areas of communication rules of entry into speech and speech etiquette are most closely related (fixed expressions in situations of treatment, greetings, farewells, apologies, thanks, greetings, wishes, requests, invitations, sympathy, approval, etc.) People in their everyday life use interjections for performing these acts of communication. They help to focus one's attention, hold up the conversation of just greet (hey!, All the best, Hm…m…, you know, listen!).

Every act of individual behavior in psychology conventionally can be divided into four phases:

1) call to action;

2) definition of the situation by the individual;

3) the action itself;

4) the end of it;

If the ending of the action is too early, so as to urge him not disappeared, the individual returns to the second phase: define the situation once more and again the third phase - the new action, etc.

CONCLUSION

An interjection is one of the eight major parts of speech, along with verbs, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions. Some grammarians believe that interjections are the least important part of speech. This is because interjections are not generally required in order for the meaning of a sentence to become clear.

An interjection is a word solely designed to convey emotion. It expresses meaning or feeling. It doesn't relate grammatically to the other parts of the sentence and doesn't help the reader understand the relationship between words and phrases in the sentence. Instead, it simply conveys to the reader the way the author is feeling.

Interjections have received fairly little attention in theoretical discussions by modern linguists. In contrast to the traditional view of this word class belonging to the purely emotive level of language, broader functions have been attributed to them in modern studies. Interjections are said to express a speaker's mental state, action or attitude and communicative intentions. They are totally context-bound and produced in reaction to linguistic or extralinguistic context and can only be interpreted relative to the context in which they are produced.

Interjections are not commonly used in formal or academic writing. Because of the function that interjections serve, there is virtually no place for them in an academic paper that is designed to convey facts. By definition, facts should be devoid of emotion or opinion such as the emotions conveyed by interjections.

It is worth noticing that the Greek grammarians were the first who dealt with interjections, but treated them as a subclass of adverbs since it was thought that they like other adverbs `determine' the verb even if the verb is understood.

Interjection or interiectio was recognized as a separate part of speech by the Latin grammarians. This new part of speech made it possible for the Latin grammarians to keep the number of the `partes orationis' to the `magic' number eight. It replaced the article class of the Greeks since Latin did not have an article.

In some period of time John Wilkins treated interjections as sentence substitutes, Jespersen, have thought that the interjection does not constitute a separate part of speech, Bloomfield uses the term interjection that occurs predominantly as minor sentences.

Different researches classified interjections in their own ways, Tesniиre classify interjections in 3 groups: phrasillons impulsifs, phrasillons representatifs, phrasillons imreratifs. In the research great role played ideas of Ameka's classification, as he divides primary interjections into 3 main subcategories: the expressive, the conative, and the phatic.

Non-conceptualist and Conceptualist analyses of interjections have their own peculiarity. Representatives of non-conceptualist analyses consider interjections that do not encode concepts as nouns, verbs or adjectives do. But representatives of conceptualist analyses have argued that interjections are conceptual elements. One of these authors is Wilkins who has defended his proposal on the basis of one of their features: indexicality and conventionalized. Wilkins's viewpoint was clearly in consonance with Wierzbicka's. She said that interjections have a meaning that can be explicated through the formula `I feel X', while the meaning of conative or volitive interjections is `I want X'.

Interjections have many peculiarities, but the most important are structural (primary and secondary) and semantic (motive, emotive, interjections of speech etiquette).

Structurally interjections are divided into: primary (simple) and secondary (derivative). Primary interjections consist of one word and are not used otherwise and do not enter into syntactic constructions. Structurally they are heterogeneous. They may be short emotional interjections (ah, oh, alas, eh, heigh), meaningful parts of speech (good, come, look, well), phrases (good morning, thank you, excuse me, so long), different sentences of phraseological structure (how do you do).

The field of exclamatory phrases, i.e., secondary interjections, is complicated, as these expressions mix with swear words, oaths, greeting formulas.

Secondary interjections are those words which have an independent semantic value but which can be used conventionally.

Secondary interjection, depending on their structure, can be of 4 types:

· Simple;

· Phrasal type;

· Sentence type;

· Mixed type.

From the point of view of the main sound system of English interjections are `non-words'. However, phonological anomaly is not a definitive criterion for the class of items because there are other interjections which conform with the patterns of the main sound system. Nevertheless this property of some of them has led to one of the reasons for the neglect of interjections because they are thought of as peripheral to the main sound system and linguists for a long time were not concerned with peripheral elements.

Morphologically, interjections do not normally take inflections or derivations in those languages that make use of such forms. This is one of the reasons why they have been classified together with particles and other uninflected words like adverbs.

There are many different classifications of interjections, which are based on various semantic features. In my research the most common classification is taken. Semantically, the interjections can be divided into 3 main groups: motive, emotive and interjections of speech etiquette.

Motive interjections are used in speech acts in which the speaker expresses his will directed to a particular action. Taking into consideration the sphere of usage we can distinguish seven groups of motive speech and each group can also be subdivided in other subgroups. Military orders and commands, naval commands, sport commands, commands and instructions are used in some jargon and during combined work. Also there are interjections, which are used to stimulate the listener to perform the speaker's will. They are typical for informal communication situations where the speakers are of symmetric and asymmetric social status.

In the works by Ameka motive interjections are called conative interjections. They are aimed at someone else who may be expected to fulfill the wishes of the speaker. Although they are directed at people, they do not have an addressee proper. They are usually used to either get someone's attention, or they aim at getting a reaction from the listener.

The number of English interjections of contextually-conditioned pragmatic meaning is quite wide. They can be classified according to those emotional characteristics, specific values of which ??are found in the context. They relate mainly with pragmatic subject, expressing his emotions and feelings, reactions to the content of expression, different mental state, that is, that they are addresser-oriented. It should be noted that interjections are integral components of complicated speech acts and express additional pragmatic meanings.

Emotive interjections can express positive and negative feelings: anger, apology, tiredness, anger, reproach, admiration, agitation, agreement, surprise, embarrassment, etc.

In works of Tesniиre emotive interjections have the name phrasillons impulsifs. They occur when the speaker is object to an external influence; they can express physical sensation, emotional states or cognitive process in the speaker's mind. They show the speaker's attitude with regard to the environment, ranging from relatively unemotional exclamations to expressions full with emotion.

It is indisputable that the main aim of speech is to be mean of communication, mean of formation, reporting thoughts about surrounding, and also as a mean of accumulation and saving also ideas, knowledge.

The speech etiquette dictates the rules of speech conduct. Interjection of speech etiquette can be divided into some great groups, which are very important. They are interjections-greeting, congratulation, farewell, pause filler, attention attractant, apology, gratitude and others. Every group has its own peculiarities, e.g. English speech etiquette includes greetings, in the strict sense of the word, on the occasion of marriage, birthday, winning in sports and other strictly a family or personal reasons. It is not accepted to congratulate each other on public holidays or days of celebrations, established in honor or memory of someone. People exchange greetings, wishes usually only on Christmas Day (Marry Christmas!; Replica response: Marry Christmas!), New Year (Happy New Year!; Replica response: Happy New Year! A very Happy New Year! (The) Same to you!) .

In English there are no formal differentiation between forms Ти and Ви as in Ukrainian. In English there is only one pronoun You. In XVII century there was pronoun Thou, but now it is not used any more in Modern English.

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