Словотвірна структура та міжчастиномовний тезаурус лексико-семантичного поля "strong–weak" в історії англійської мови

Работа посвящена изучению словообразования и семантической организации членов синонимических рядов дериватов отприлагательного происхождения в смоделированном двухдоминантном лексико-семантическом поле `strong - weak' по межчастиречному параметру в истории английского языка. Обнаружены опосредованные и имплицитно выраженные семантические связи глубинного парадигматического характера между лексемами. Исследованы отношения производности актуализированного потенциала деривационной системы. Предложен модифицированный вариант аппликативной модели для всестороннего представления многомерной структуры словообразовательных гнезд. Произведен компьютерный анализ составленного тезауруса деадъективов по определенным параметрам (лакунарность, транспозиционное время, первичная плотность, гипонимо-гиперонимические сдвиги). Определены насыщенность и хронологическое развитие семного набора доминант, степени связности, мера тождественности прилагательных выделенного отрезка ономасиологического пространства.

Ключевые слова: компонентный анализ, деадъективное словообразование, синонимические ряды производных.

Hasko O.L. The Word-Forming Structure and Parts-of-Speech Thesaurus of the Lexical-Semantic Field `Strong - Weak' in the History of English. - A manuscript. Thesis for the Candidate Degree in Philology. Speciality 10.02.04 - Germanic Languages. Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Lviv, 2005. The dissertation is concerned with the semantics of the compiled adjectival lexical-semantic double-dominant field `strong - weak' and the respective derivatives regarded in present-day and historically reconstructed lexicon with the application of some elements of the methodology of construing electronic lexicological objects. It consists of the introduction, three chapters with brief conclusions, general conclusions, the list of references (237 entries), lexicographical sources (27 entries) as well as three supplements.

The first chapter tackles theoretical aspects of lexemic modelling as well as issues of the semantic, chronological and etymological formation of the lexical-semantic field comprising two antonymous groups of the polysemantic adjectives `strong - weak'. The existence of the nucleus and periphery of the semantic fields studied is predetermined by the field structure of the lexical meaning. The procedure of constructing both groups has resulted in determining their central and non-central components as well as constituents of the second order periphery. Componential analysis makes it possible to clearly present the difference between synonyms and determine their central or marginal status within the lexical-semantic group/field they belong to. Depending on the set of lexical-semantic variants forming the structure of polysemantic words the latter refer to several lexical-semantic groups and different segments of the onomasiological space. Nuclear components of meaning are found to be stable and characteristic of all the synonyms within a given set. The lexical-semantic structure of the dominant `weak' having entered the language in Middle English began its formation much later than that of the dominant `strong'. Nevertheless in the course of time it acquired an almost identical system of antonymous meanings (lexical-semantic variants). The 14-16th centuries were the most productive chronological period for the enrichment of its members' semantic structure. As for the dominant `strong' group, the 16-17th centuries turned out to be the most fruitful ones. Obsolete meaning components were also taken into consideration which allowed to follow the changes each adjectival lexical-semantic structure had undergone in the process of its development. Some lexicometrical methods (namely, matrix analysis, synonymic scope comparison, semantic distances measuring) proved to be effective tools for the study of semantic phenomena. They are particularly advisable while studying implicitly expressed information contained in lexicographical sources of different types revealing latent semantic correlations in their complex versatility as well as the degree of relatedness between the constituents of a certain lexical-semantic paradigmatic formation.

The second chapter deals with the derivational families of the adjectival groups under consideration and the historical analysis of their structural properties. The effected word-forming potential in its chronological reconstruction has been represented in the form of derivational families. The latter were classified according to the categorial affiliation of their branches and characterized by the following parameters: width, depth, lexical volume, valency. Finally, they were systematized by the derivational degree and its quantitative index as well as model types. The semantic volume of a derivational family, similarly to that of a word, consists of a lexical-semantic variants set serving as a basis for sub-families formation. The head-word having the simplest structure is the semantic invariant of a derivational family, it directs and controls the word-forming process. The derivational family configuration demonstrates structural ties of words and their semantic correlations. The derivational family implies its own semantics and a set of structural-semantic models. The modelling strength of the derivational tree depends on its complexity. The more complex its structure, the lower its modelling capacity. Derivational families having well-developed structure are characterized by a low modelling capacity and consist of sub-families with a greater modelling strength. The analysis of the derivational families formation in the synchronous-diachronous aspect demonstrates an historical lexical-semantic dynamic of the deadjectival derivatives and their correlations. Word-formation processes prove to have been a source of new words as well as an internal functional and organizational vocabulary form.

The third chapter combining the results of the previous ones includes a computer-aided analysis of the compiled corpora of synonymous deadjectival coinages of the set categorial, including parts-of-speech, relatedness. A synonymic series is treated as an open-type paradigmatic formation corresponding only to one of the dominant's lexical-semantic variants. The extent of synonymity is variable and dependent on the series length and the word taken for the dominant. The obligatory nature of the latter fulfils the comparative function in the synonyms semantic structure analysis both within the studied lexical-semantic field and its two constituting groups as well as within synonymic series. Nuclear meaning components of the dominants are stable, they are repeated in a number of synonymic series. The lexical-semantic field containing synonymic strings is characterized by a tight semantic bond between its members. The synonymic series modelling, being an outcome of a multilevel procedure based on lexicographical sources, serves for the presentation of the lexical units structural correlation within the given onomasiological space. A special attention is paid to derivationally reflected synonymy/antonymy as a type of secondary inter-lexemic paradigmatic relations. Reflected antonyms are derivatives treated as such only due to the antonymous character of the head-words they are referred to. The respective fragment of the deadjectival thesaurus has been studied taking into account derivational gaps, transpositional time, synonymic series primary ordinal density, hyponymic-hyperonymical shifts, semantic verification of synonymic strings similiarity. The use of the linguistic modelling method manifested in different approaches to the undertaken analysis (quantitative, semantic, word-forming, chronological, computer-aided) made it possible to represent the obtained results in the form of tables and matrices. A methodology of the analysis concerning the problems of English adjectival signification and deadjectival word-formation in the expansion of lexicon has been substantiated.

Key words: componential analysis, deadjectival word-formation, synonymic strings of derivatives.

Підписано до друку 19.01.2005 р.

Формат 60х90/16. Папір офсетний.

Друк а різографію . Умовн. друк. арк. 1,5. Обл.-идав. арк. 0,89.

Тираж 100 прим. Зам. 50035.

Поліграфічний центр

Видавництва Національного університету “Львіцвська політехніка”

Вул. Ф.Колесси, 2, 79000, Львів

Размещено на Allbest.ru