System of Higher Еducation in Great Britain
Characteristics of Higher Education in the United Kingdom. The main types of universities in the country. The peculiarity of the interview for the passage of the college. Analysis of Oxford and Cambridge, as the oldest and most prestigious institutions.
| Рубрика | Иностранные языки и языкознание |
| Вид | доклад |
| Язык | русский |
| Дата добавления | 25.03.2015 |
| Размер файла | 17,5 K |
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System of Higher Еducation in Great Britain
Higher education in Britain is traditionally associated with universities, though education of University standard is also given in other institutions such as colleges and institutes of higher education, which have the power to award their own degrees.
There are 126 universities in Britain. They are divided into 5 types:
· The Old ones, which were founded before the 19th century, such as Oxford and Cambridge;
· The Red Brick, which were founded in the 19th or 20th century;
· The Plate Glass, which were founded in 1960s;
· The Open University. It is the only university offering extramural education. Students learn subjects at home and then post ready exercises off to their tutors for marking; The Open University students have no formal qualification and would be unable to enter ordinary universities
· The New ones. They are former polytechnic academies and colleges. For examplе, Colleges of Education provide two-years courses in teacher education or something three years if the graduate specializes in some particular subject.
The best universities, in view of "The Times" and "The Guardian", are The University of Oxford, The University of Cambridge, London School of Economics, London Imperial College, London University College.
At 16 pupils take a national exam called «G.C.S.E.» (General Certificate of Secondary Education) and then they can leave school if they wish. This is the end of compulsory education.
Some 16-year-olds continue their studies in the sixth form at school or at a sixth form college. The sixth form prepares pupils for a national exam called «A» level (advanced level).
Other 16-year-olds choose to go to a Further Education College where they can follow a course in typing, engineering, town planning, cooking, or hairdressing, full-time or part-time.
Universities and colleges of higher education accept students with «A» levels from 18. However, good exam passes alone are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews. For all British citizens a place at a University brings with a grant from their local education authority. Students study for a degree which takes on average three years of full-time study.
Some of these courses are part-time or sandwich course. Working students study one or more days per week.
Most students graduate at 21 or 22 and are given their degree at a special graduation ceremony. After three years of study a university graduate get the Degree of a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.), Science or Engineering. Some courses, such as languages or medicine, may be one or two years longer. There is an undergraduate level of Higher education in the UK. Many students then continue their studies for a Master's Degree (MA or MSc), and then the higher degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) (postgraduate level of Higher education in the UK). There are two different types of post-graduate courses, usually involving a mixture of exam courses and researches. Educate students in the postgraduate course lasts one year. university interview oxford cambridge
Oxbrige
Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest and most prestigious universities in Great Britain. They are often called collectively Oxbridge. Both universities are independent. Only the education elite go to Oxford or Cambridge. Most of their students are former public schools leavers. Oxford and Cambridge compete with each other for over 800 years
Oxford and Cambridge are largely the same. Both consist of a number of colleges. Each college has its name, its coat of arms. Both are rich in centuries-old traditions and history.
Comparative characterization of Oxbrige:
|
Brief description |
Cambridge |
Oxford |
|
|
Inter- national rating |
3rd in the world by QS World University Rankings® 2013/14; 2nd place in the teaching staff about 87 Nobel laureates |
6th in the world by QS World University Rankings® 2013/14; 3rd place in the teaching staff about 50 Nobel laureates |
|
|
Location |
60 miles North of London (less than one hour away by train) |
60 miles North-West of London (about an hour away by train) |
|
|
The level of teaching |
1st place in the world for the teaching of natural sciences 2nd place in the world for the teaching of arts and human sciences 3rd place in the world for the teaching of engineering and technology, medicine 4th place in the world for teaching the social sciences and management |
1st place in the world for the teaching of arts and human sciences 2nd place in the world for the teaching of medicine 3rd place in the world for teaching the social sciences and management; 8th place in the world for the teaching of natural sciences 9th place in the world for the teaching of engineering and technology |
|
|
Tuition fee and financial support |
About Ј14000 - Ј21000 per year for foreign students. Both offer a number of scholarships and schemes of financial support for students. |
About Ј14000-21000 per year for foreign students. Both offer a number of scholarships and schemes of financial support for students. |
Vocabulary
· The Old ones, which were founded before the 19th century, such as Oxford and Cambridge;
· The Red Brick, which were founded in the 19th or 20th century;
· The Plate Glass, which were founded in 1960s;
· The Open University. It is the only university offering extramural education. Students learn subjects at home and then post ready exercises off to their tutors for marking; The Open University students have no formal qualification and would be unable to enter ordinary universities
· The New ones. They are former polytechnic academies and colleges. For examplе, Colleges of Education provide two-years courses in teacher education or something three years if the graduate specializes in some particular subject.
A national exam called «G.C.S.E.» (General Certificate of Secondary Education)
A national exam called «A» level (advanced level)
Sandwich cours - курсы «сандвич» для работающих, обычно при техническом колледже, где занятия чередуются с работой на предприятии
Compulsory education - обязательное образование
Town planning -градостроительство
Examinations for admission - экзамены для поступления
Degree of a Bachelor - степень бакалавра
Bachelor of Arts - бакалавр искусств (обладатель степени бакалавра по одной из гуманитарных или математических наук в университете)
Degree ceremony - церемония вручения ученых степеней
Full academic dress - парадная форма одежды
Coat of arm - герб
Master's Degree (MA or MSc) - ученая степень магистра, присуждается университетом лицам, успешно завершившим по крайней мере год учебы и исследовательской работы после университета
natural sciences - естественные науки
human sciences - гуманитарные науки
social sciences - социальные науки
Used literature and Internet resources
1. Ю.Б. Голицынский. Great Britain. Великобритания
2. UK. Britain in brief. О Великобритании вкратце. Составители В.В. Ощепкова, И.И. Шустилова
3. А.Вольский. Англия. Билет в одну сторону.
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