The comparison of Scottish and Bashkir national clothes

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Муниципальное Образовательное Бюджетное Учреждение с. Аючево им. Рима Янгузина

Исследовательская работа

по английскому языку

на тему:

The comparison of Scottish and Bashkir national clothes

Выполнил : Рахматуллин Динар

ученик 7 класса.

Руководитель : Касимова Я.М.

2014 г.

Тезис

Тема моей исследовательской работы «Сравнение Шотландского и Башкирского национальных костюмов».

Объектом работы является исследование и сравнение национальной мужской одежды разных стран.

Целью исследования является сравнение башкирской и шотландской национальной одежды.

Задачи:

1.Изучить литературу и найти сайт- источники по данному вопросу.

2.Изучить историю национальной одежды Башкир и Шотландцев.

3.Дать описание национальных одежд.

4.Выявить основные сходства и отличия национальной одежды.

Моя работа состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, приложения и из списка использованной литературы.

Тема первой главы «История национальных одежд». В этой главе изучается история тартана, килта и башкирской одежды.

Тема второй главы «Сравнение национальных одежд» В этой главе я дал описание шотландской и башкирской одежды. Сделал сравнительный анализ костюмов.

Тем самым даю понять, что изучая и исследуя национальные одежды, мы видим, как народный костюм отображает память о прошлом, сложившиеся традиции и менталитет национальности.

scottish bashkir national costumе

Содержание

Введение

Unit 1. The history of national clothes

1.1 The history of tartan

1.2 The history of the kilt

1.3 The history of the Bashkir clothes

Unit 2. The comparison of national clothes

2.1 The characteristics of Scottish national dress

2.2 The characteristics of Bashkir national dress

2.3 The comparison of national clothes

Заключение

Список использованной литературы

Введение

Народный костюм отображает память о прошлом, сложившиеся традиции и менталитет национальности. Он является надежным источником информации об определенном этносе, зафиксировавшим особенности его культуры. Изучая особенности национальной одежды, можно многое узнать об истории народа, его быте и обычаях.

Мы все живём в одном большом мире, истории наших стран тесно переплетаются. И чем больше каждый народ будет знать историю соседнего государства, тем лучше мы будем понимать друг друга.

Башкирский костюм необычайно богат и многообразен. Он включил в себя культурно-этнические особенности, характерные для азиатских кочевых народов. Но, тем не менее, остался самобытным и не похожим на одежду других национальностей.

Шотландский костюм также имеет свои особенности. В этом костюме отразилось история шотландского народа, в течение нескольких веков.

Я выбрал эту тему, потому что мне интересно изучать национальную одежду разных стран . Эта тема актуальна и интересна, тем что, изучая и сравнивая национальную одежду нескольких стран, мы можем увидеть сходство и различие жизни и быта народа, и увидеть как отразилась история народа на его одежде.

Предметом моей работы является мужской костюм национальной башкирской и шотландской одежды.

Целью работы является сравнение башкирской и шотландской национальной одежды.

Задачи работы:

1.Изучить литературу и найти сайт- источники по данному вопросу.

2.Изучить историю национальной одежды Башкир и Шотландцев.

3.Дать описание одежды .

4.Выявить основные сходства и отличия национальной одежды.

Unit 1. The history of national clothes

1.1 The history of tartan

Scottish clan is some family, which has a common tribe.

Scottish clothes were shown to belong to the clan . Men, clan members, wore kilts made of wool - tartan. Tartan had a checkered coloring of 2-3 colors. The combination of colour is different from the flag of one clan from another. Another important difference was, as marked square. Two clans could differ only in that one square was sewn with gold thread, and the other silver. There are many different tartans, each of which is associated with a particular Scottish clan. Each clan has a certain associated with a certain colour and a proven pattern that clan members are on kilts and plaids. And to wear the wrong colour is a social violation, and this is also unacceptable, as the vehicle to raise the mast foreign flag.

For this strictly observes in Scotland responsible person, the Chief Herald, the Guardian of the emblems and seniority clans. His duty is to ensure that nobody appropriated other people's titles, square, hadn't played the bagpipe melody of another clan during the ceremony. From all over the world come to him with requests for clan affiliation and symbolism. Even the American, Australian, New Zeland, Canadian generations of Scots have not lost interest in the ancestral customs and traditions, remember their roots.

In the XVII century the Privy Council of state when the English king James I took the law which forbade wearing kilts.

The inhabitants of the plain lands of Scotland (Lowlands) adopted the English culture. To say they were in English, but with a Scottish accent, and got used to the press. But the highlanders, the inhabitants of mountainous areas (Highlands), in spite of all prohibitions have kept this tradition is the wearing of the kilt. And he was not wrong.

Hundred years later, and the kilt has become fashionable clothing in Scotland and Ireland. And yet after a hundred years, in the beginning of XX century, in the world's most fashionable colours became "Scotch".

In 1816, in London, was founded by the Society for the study of the tartans of the Scottish highlanders. They revealed not only the real tartans, but invented many never existed. Wearing kilts and other clothing from tartan has become fashionable, but to walk in someone else's flag nobody wanted. So today, only 55 tartans are authentic.

The most famous invented tartans:

Royal Stuart - this tartan could wear any Highland Scottish man.

Hunting Stuart - tartan for hunting. Now from such fabric sew expensive hunting jackets and pants.

Balmoral - "senior" tartan. It could only wear descendants of Royal families.

Black Watch - military tartan. It was worn by regiments, which were drawn from the Scottish highlanders.

1.2 The history of the kilt

The first version of the Scottish men's clothing came from the Irish. The second version-it is continuous of Scottish medieval men's dress. The material from which made kilts, made from sheep wool. It was coloured with berry juice and plant earlier.

What colour are the cells on the kilt we can understand from what region of Scotland its owner come. The one- colour was serving men's kilt, the six- colour were poet's kilt, the seven -colour were leader's kilt. Kilt is the object of Scotland men. Kilt is a material wrapped around the waist and attached buckles and straps. The kilts may be big and small. The most oldest description of the Scotland kilt mentioned in 1594 years. The word “kilt” mean to wrap the clothes around the body. This Scotland word came from Viking word “kjilt”. The kilt was necessary, because Scotland is highland and the climate is rainy there. It gave the freedom of movement, warm and it dried up quickly. At night it became a warm blanket. During a battle the solders threw kilts and ran to attack.

1.3 The history of the Bashkir clothes

National clothes is the embodiment of centuries of history and tradition, a reflection of the lifestyle and character of the people.

Bashkir suit has different clothes different regions of one country. North Bashkiria first began to lead a settled life. Here the population of people fine yarn made from plants (hemp, flax), developed patterned weaving. In southern areas, they are made of coarse and fine cloth, shoes and hats, because they had cattle.

There are seven variants of traditional dress: the North-Western Bashkirs, northeast, southwest, Southeast, Central, Eastern and Bashkirs of the Samara-Irgiz settlements. In each case there is an element unique to this region.

Studying national dress, we can learn much about the history, life and customs.

Bashkir costume is rich and diverse. It includes culture, characteristic of Asian nomadic peoples. But, nevertheless, remained similar to the clothing of other nationalities.

Folk costumes of Bashkortostan is very diverse and they are divided into several types:

-created from the Turkic customs;

-including elements of other cultures;

-influenced by local traditions.

For all of them characterized by the use of leather, felt, handmade cloth, fur, lambskin, sometimes used canvas or hemp nettle. Traditionally in national costumes of the Bashkirs had a lot of natural colors. Clothes for young different brightness, suits middle-aged people were calm color. The dark fabric was used for clothing and for the elderly people.

Unit 2. The comparison of national clothes

2.1 The characteristics of Scottish national dress

A large kilt consists of two parts, a thick woolen fabric, sewn together. Its length from 4.5 to 9 yards (4,1 - 6.5 m). One part of the material was collected with hands and fixed using a wide belt. The other part is carried over the left shoulder and secured to the belt. A large kilt is usually worn over a long woolen shirt. Also a large kilt was used as bedspreads.

The small kilt was invented by the English Rolinson in 1725 year. He was the manager in the factory. The small kilt is one part of the large kilt. It is a part of wool material, which

wrapped around the waist. The kilt is fixed by kilt pin. The men wear a long hose. It may be one-colour or square. The traditional hoses have long strings with tassel. The string is wrapped around the leg as Russian bast-shoe.

Every clan has own holiday, and everybody of clan dresses his suit in this day.

Besides kilt the Highland dress has a tweed jacket, hose, glengarry and sporran.

This version of the costume worn in the daytime. For the evening there is another version of the suit - the kilt is worn with a fur sporran, socks with their particular tartan, jacket and painted shirt.

Scottish takes - tam o' shanter is a wool hat with a pompom or quill on top. Usually it is worn sliding sideways. It got its name from the name of the hero of a poem by Robert Burns. We should mention such a detail of the costume, such as knife Skin-Doo. Highlander should carry a knife for his right stocking, the handle of which has a Thistle flower and set Topaz.

2.2 The characteristics of Bashkir national dress

The Bashkir sewed clothes from home cloth, felt, sheepskin, leather, fur; was also used nettle and hemp canvas shoes were made of leather.

The Bashkir had a lot of upper garments, especially festive costumes. Bashkirs on the lower clothes wore several layers of clothing - a few gowns in any time of year and whatever the weather.

Traditional top long garment was the Bashkir Elan suit with sleeves. Man's Elan were made of dark cotton material, sometimes made of velvet, silk, white satin; decorated with stripes of red cloth (hem, sleeves), decorate with applique, embroidery.

The top clothes of Bashkir was Kasakin - fitted suit with sleeves and buttoned. Kasakin was for man and for woman clothing. Kazakin for men were made of dark cotton or wool material with a high collar and side pockets. The Bashkir Kusakin was used as uniforms for Bashkir soldiers.

Bashkir men wore narrow trousers, shirts. A top clothes is a jacket or a coat.

Bashkir men's shirt in the southern of Ural had no collar and was held together by string. In winter, men wore coats made of sheepskin coats (биле тун, тире тун).

Holiday shirts for men have embroidered patterns. The belt is an item of men's clothing. They wore festive belt Kemer (кэмэр). Kemer - traditional wide men's belt with a jewelry clasp. For manufacturing of Kemer they used patterned cloth, velvet, silk. The belt was decorated with embroidery, braid, silver or gold metal plates with agate stones, turquoise, pearls, carnelian. The Bashkir wore it over Elen, camisole.

Daily men wore the hat-skull cap (TABATA-тюбетейка), older dark, young - colored (green, red, blue), embroidered wool and silk, decorated with beads, corals and braid.

In Summer men wore fur hats (Burek, cap) of sheepskin, made from the skin of a fox, wolf, lynx and other animals. In the steppe regions of Republic the men wore malachai in winter. Malachai made of felt, cloth, lined with fur. They also wore hats made of felt.

The Muslim Bashkir wore headdress-turban.

Feature for Bashkir was wearing small leather galoshes with boots - ichigi(ичиги или ситек). Boots used in special cases: it went to the mosque to visit. when they walked into the room, galoshes left at the door. Men wore stockings and socks.

2.3 The comparison of national clothes

These two nationalities live in different corners of the Earth. The Scots live on the island of Britain, Bashkir live in Europe. They have different traditions, customs and clothing. They have one feature is cattle. That's why, the clothing of Scots and Bashkir equally made of wool. The cloths these two nationalities show the history, life and culture of these countries. If you compare their clothes they are very different from each other. In the clothes of Scots important role has the colour of tartan and the kilt men's skirts. The Bashkir paid much attention to the top clothing and patterns on them.

Two types of costume have different clothing items. The Scottish have a tam o' shanter, a tweed jacket, hose , sporran and kilt. The Bashkir wear a hat with fur, a few dressing-gown and boots Sitek. But they have common parts to cloths. It is a leather belt, stockings and a knife.

Заключение

И в заключении можно сказать, мы все живём в одном большом мире, истории наших стран тесно переплетаются. И чем больше каждый народ будет знать историю соседнего государства, тем лучше мы будем понимать друг друга.

Народный костюм отображает память о прошлом, сложившиеся традиции и менталитет национальности. Он является надежным источником информации об определенном этносе, зафиксировавшим особенности его культуры. Изучая особенности национальной одежды, можно многое узнать об истории народа, его быте и обычаях.

И шотландский и башкирский костюмы необычайно богаты и многообразны. Они включил в себя культурные особенности. Но, тем не менее, остался самобытным и не похожим на одежду других национальностей.

В наше неспокойное время, когда изменились нравственные духовные ценности общества, когда все стремления человека направлены на удовлетворение материальных потребностей, рушится многовековая связь с прошлым. Наследие, оставленное нам предшествующими поколениями, теряются, забываются секреты мастерства народных ремесел, передававшиеся веками от дедов к отцам, от отцов к сыновьям. И чтобы не огрубели сердца людей, чтобы они чтили своих отцов и дедов, знали и любили культуру своего края, своей страны, необходимо прививать интерес к народным обычаям, через приобщение к изучению народного искусства. В нашей стране живут люди разных национальностей. Каждый народ разговаривает на своем языке, носит свою национальную одежду.

Список использованной литературы

1. 1.Happy English.ru 5 класс ;издательство «Титул», К.И. Кауфман 2012.

2. Г.Г. Гниятуллина. «История башкирского народа», т.6, Уфа, «Гилем», 2011

3. М.А. Хасанов. Англо-Башкирско- Русский словарь.Уфа «Китап»1997.

4. Башкиры: Этническая история и традиционная культура. Уфа: Научное издательство «Башкирская энциклопедия», 2002.

5. http://nazaccent.ru/content/7661-bashkirskij-nacionalnyj-kostyum.html

6. https://ru.wikipedia.org/

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