Characteristics of nationalism

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

STREDOEURУPSKA VYSOKБ ЉKOLA V SKALICI

ЪSTAV POLITICKЭCH VIED

NATIONALISM

Meno a priezvisko: Bc. Tomбљ Љimonиiи

At first I want to tell you something about nationalism, kinds of nationalism and som historical examples, because without knowledge of what it is you dont understand what it really is.

One person or a group of people can take on a major role of the unification process that brings upon nationalism for their country. To get a better understanding of what nationalism is, one must learn the meaning of “nationalism.” Nationalism is the devotion to the interests or culture of a particular nation. Nationalism is a striving force that can help a country thrive. There are also different ways that a country can achieve nationalism. Two different people/organizations with two different tactics were able to achieve a feel of nationalism among their country. The first group that will be discussed is the IRA, or the Irish Republican Army. Mohandas Gandhi started the second movement of nationalism, with his belief of “passive resistance.” These two thoughts were opposite in how nationalism was attempted to be achieved.

The Irish Republican Army (IRA), was started on Easter in 1916, when a group of Irish militants refused to wait any longer for their independence from Britain. The small group launched a revolt against British rule. Although the Easter Rising was quickly suppressed, the execution of 15 rebel leaders stirred wider support for their cause. When Britain again failed to grant home rule in 1919, civil war erupted in Ireland. Members of the IRA carried on a guerrilla war against British forces and their supporters. Civilians were often caught in the crossfire. The constant battle for Irish independence continues today with its gory display of violence. The IRA's goal was and still is today to achieve Irish nationalism by the abolition of the British political influence in Ireland, especially Northern Ireland.

Mohandas Gandhi came from a middle-class Hindu family. At the age of 19 he was sent to England to study law. After returning to India, he tried to set up his own law practice but soon joined an Indian law firm in South Africa. For 20 years, Gandhi fought laws that discriminated against Indians in South Africa. In his struggle against injustice, he adopted the weapon of nonviolent (passive) resistance. He called it satyagraha, or “soul-force.” In 1914, Gandhi returned to India and joined the Congress Party. His ideas inspired Indians of all religious and ethnic backgrounds and he encouraged them to resist British rule. Above all, Gandhi preached the ancient tradition of ahimsa, nonviolence and reverence for all life. He applied this idea to fight the British rule. By using the power of love, he believed, people could convert even the worst wrongdoer to the right course of action. nationalism resistance patriotism revolution

Gandhi's “passive resistance” became more and more popular and he soon had many followers and he encouraged peaceful protests. People still followed Gandhi even though many of them were killed by the British government in the peaceful protests. Gandhi's campaign of nonviolence and the self-sacrifice of his followers slowly forced Britain to agree to hand over some power to the Indians and to meet other demands of the Congress party.

These two different ways of achieving a feel of nationalism within their countries are different in how they are done, but they are not different in their entirety. They are both very similar but yet very dissimilar. The IRA and Gandhi's “passive resistance” movement are similar in that they both want to achieve nationalism by attaining their independence from the same country, Britain. They were also successful in gaining a large following for the struggle of freedom, but this is where their similarities end.

On other side is here Ernest Renan with his essay of nationalism.

The essay, by Ernest Renan suggests that nationalism consists of two ideas. "One is the possession in common of a rich legacy of remembrances, and the other is the actual consent, the desire to live together, they will to continue to value the heritage which all hold common.

He thinks that the worship of ancestors is important because they have made the country what it is. He feels that the rules made for the country have been sacrifices made and should be honored. He also says that a country needs to look at their downfalls rather than their gains to strengthen the peoples "togetherness" and the will to succeed. The people have rights as individuals. He states that nations have a beginning and an end, and the people need to realize and not take it for granted. He feels that people should appreciate the guarantee for liberty and freedom. They should realize that this is a gift that could be lost, especially if a king or a dictator was in rule.

His last thoughts of what makes a nation are that spirit, heart, and moral consciousness have a big part; more so than rules, so the people can exist in harmony. This differs from what happened in Southeast Europe because they didn't appreciate the ancestors who dictated them. The people did gain nationalism, which gave them a reason to have individualism and a warm spirit for their community. They gained this when they got their way and broke up into communities, which gave them rights.

In the United States, nationalism was formed in the same manner that Europe was. When the puritans and the other immigrants came over, they didn't care about forming one nation, or being involved in rights. They were still apart of England, and did things based on religion. Communities were even based on religion. The idea that Renan had was not supported then. People didn't care about heart and how they formed a union. Not until England started taxing and taking powers away, did the Colonists want to make a union among the colonies. This is where they needed heart, and had a desire to form unity. They had to be in harmony to win the war to gain their independence. That would be when the colonies had the second kind of nationalism that Renan described. The United States is very big on nationalism to this day, and is based on rights and values made from the 17th century. The idea of nationalism has spread throughout the world because of the people's strong views.

In conclusion, one can see that the concept of nationalism is the same in every nation but that the way that they use it to bring them together as a whole can vary greatly. One can also conclude that without nationalism there would be no true nations

Trends of Nationalism in 20th Century Europe

The development of modern nationalism is often dated to the French Revolution Era. Since that time and throughout history, nationalism has been motivated by a variety of different factors, bringing much change to regions or nations. There are also many cause and effects that contribute to nationalism.

Throughout history, there have been many causes of nationalism. One cause due to nationalism was Revolutionaries. Mazzini tried to get unification in Italy but failed not because of the weakness of Italian spirit but because revolutionary efforts were misguided. Mazzini also guaranteed that a republican Italian should offer to the people is to form a free and equal community of brothers. Another way is through Pride. Pride is shown by nationalism and the development of nation-states help to unify the people by the school systems (national patriotism). By laws, courts, taxes becoming increasingly national, rather than local and provincial. They conditioned to be interested in their nation, their nation-state, needs, and aspirations. They responded enthusiastically. The final way is by Common Language. The Danish War in 1864, The Austro- Prussian War of 1866, and the Franco- Prussian War of 1871 all had the same common language, customs, race, and also historic traditions.

Throughout history, there have been many effects that contribute to nationalism. One effect was through war. An image in which Bismarck presented himself to the people was to not take any garbage, and to settle what had to be settled. Bismarck thought it was necessary for the unification of Germany was through blood and iron, which was also a speech he gave, which was WAR. Another effect was unification. Humboldt said that Germany's feeling for unity was not to depend on the memory of customs, language and literature. It depends on the memory of rights and liberties enjoyed and dangers suffered. Some methods that Humboldt suggested to unify Germany were to make a real constitution or a mere confederation. A constitution is undeniably better than a confederation. It is also more impressive, more binding, and longer lasting. Another way was through superiority. Adolf Hitler who was a dictator wanted to establish a state or nation because he wants to recognize who is higher and lesser in value and feels the most obligated.

Throughout history, there are many causes and effects that contribute to nationalism. The ways through causes were revolutionaries, pride, and common language. And for effects, through war, unification, and superiority.

Today nationalism.

Mayor question in today nationalism is a surge of migrants into the europe because of war. I think here is another example of non-nationalism behavior because they donґt wanto to protect their homeland but they come here in our land and donґt accept any of our rules. I accept there is a hard situation to imagination for us, and everyone knows that the conflict in Syria continues to be by far the biggest driver of the migration. But the ongoing violence in Afghanistan, abuses in Eritrea, as well as poverty in Kosovo are also leading people to look for new lives elsewhere.

But leave their homes isnґt a solution,itґs another problem. We are not capable to get them work and some place to sleep. Itґs not a secret that Europe for decades has been a dream destination for many immigrants in search of a better life.Being a symbol of democracy, stability and opportunities, so why they burying everithing? Because they are diferent mentality? But thatґs not excuse for that. If I or we like nation or part of nation came somwhere where we want to live and be save, we do everything what country where we ar want from us.

And this is a thing why people in europe started feel nationalism in last months, of course not racism. But itґs sad that often people exchange these two images. People in Europe want to protect what they have, what european residents build for decades and what we want to leave here like a herritage.

Размещено на Allbest.ru