Развитие и совершенствование знаний и навыков по английскому языку

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Контрольная работа

Методические рекомендации к выполнению

Целью контрольной работы является дальнейшее развитие и совершенствование знаний и навыков по английскому языку.

Данная работа включает лексико-грамматические задания, текст и задания на понимание прочитанного, а также письменное задание в форме эссе на указанную тему.

В задании 1 проверяются знания способов перевода атрибутивных словосочетаний (существительное + существительное +существительное; существительное + существительное).

Для выполнения задания 2 необходимо, прежде всего, внимательно прочитать текст «TheThirdRevolution». В процессе чтения найти представленные в задании глаголы и образовать словосочетания, путем сопоставления глаголов (1- 10) с сочетающимися с ними словами (a - j). Полученные словосочетания перевести на русский язык.

Выполнение задания 3 ставит целью проверку понимания логической зависимости одного явления от другого, которое достигается соответствующим употреблением союзов и союзных слов.

Задание 4 связано со знанием времен активного и пассивного залогов, настоящего, будущего и прошедшего (все аспекты).

Для выполнения задания 5 важно повторить структуру утвердительного, отрицательного и вопросительного предложений английского языка во всех временах активного и пассивного залогов.

Задание 6 связано с чтением и письменным переводом текста «TheThirdRevolution».

Целью задания 7 является проверка умения четко сформулировать тему каждого параграфа текста.

В задании 8 необходимо указать, какие утверждения, связанные с содержанием текста, являются верными или ложными. В случае неверности утверждения требуется представить соответствующий утвердительный аргумент из текста.

Задание 9 обеспечивает ответы на вопросы по тексту и с опорой на личный опыт.

Задание 10 связано с написанием краткого эссе в объеме 10-12 предложений на тему «Big city problems». Целью эссе является обозначение проблем в жизни больших и малых городов и предложение способов решения некоторых из них.

Задание 1. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык

Textile industry; cotton mill; assembly line; mass production; mass customisation; supply chain; carbon fibre; hand loom; factory floor; logistics expert; labour cost; offshore production; jet engine; level playing field.

Задание 2. Составьте фразы из предложенных ниже слов и переведите их на русский язык.

Задание 3. Соедините предложения с помощью союзов и союзных слов

While, until, if, as soon as, when, after, whenever, before

1. ... an economy goes through technological change some industries will decline.

2. Can you take care of the children … I am out?

3. ... you leave, you must visit the museum.

4. Wait here ... I come back.

5. ... you need my car you can take it.

6. ... I finish writing the reports, I will go out with my friends.

7. What will you do ... you finish the French course?

8. All the players in the national team will go on holiday ... the European Championship is over.

9. Don't worry, mom. I will phone you ... I arrive Paris.

10. I won't buy anything new ... I pay all my debts.

Задание 4. Прочитайте следующие предложения. Определите время и залог сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык

словосочетание предложение английский союзный

1. At present organizations are searching for creative leaders more than ever before.

2. Forty-three percent of holiday shoppers use debit cards as their primary form of payment.

3. The time-table will be changed in a week.

4. Singapore's economy is highly exposed to global trade.

5. The house will have been locked up before we set off.

6. Flights were disrupted by a stoppage of air-traffic controllers.

7. A rise in panic sales of new second homes had drawn the attention of tax controllers.

8. The place was wonderful. Everything had been prepared for the ball.

9. American government does not participate directly in foreign trade.

10. Great Britain has always been a densely populated country.

Задание 5. Откройте скобки, употребите глаголы в соответствующем времени и залоге, переведите предложения на русский язык. Перепишите их в отрицательной и вопросительной форме

1. Because of low birth rates Europe soon _______(have) fewer people who work and fewer people who pay taxes.

2. A very unusual question __________ (ask) at the conference yesterday.

3. These days much less coffee______(grow) in Columbia.

4. Forty-three percent of holiday shoppers _____(use) debit cards as their primary form of payment.

5. These English books __________ (publish) here every day.

6. The project __________ (complete) by the end of the term.

7. The damaged buildings ___________ (reconstruct) now, the reconstruction ___________ (finish) by the end of the year.

8. The children are very excited this morning. They ___________ (take) to the circus this afternoon.

9. In the 18th century Britain ________(have) a lead in the textile industry.

10. They ____( put up) interest rates already.

Задание 6. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык следующий текст

The third industrial revolution

The first industrial revolution began in Britain in the late 18th century, with the mechanisation of the textile industry. Tasks previously done laboriously by hand in hundreds of weavers' cottages were brought together in a single cotton mill, and the factory was born. The second industrial revolution came in the early 20th century, when Henry Ford mastered the moving assembly line and ushered in the age of mass production. The first two industrial revolutions made people richer and more urban. Now a third revolution is under way. Manufacturing is going digital. This could change not just business, but much else besides.

A number of remarkable technologies are converging: clever software, novel materials, more dexterous robots, new processes (notably three-dimensional printing) and a whole range of web-based services. The factory of the past was based on cranking out zillionsof identical products: Ford famously said that car-buyers could have any colour they liked, as long as it was black. But the cost of producing much smaller batches of a wider variety, with each product tailored precisely to each customer's whims, is falling. The factory of the future will focus on mass customization--and may look more like those weavers' cottages than Ford's assembly line.

The old way of making things involved taking lots of parts and screwingor weldingthem together. Now a product can be designed on a computer and “printed” on a 3D printer, which creates a solid objectby building up successivelayers of material. The digital design can be tweakedwith a few mouseclicks. The 3D printer can run unattended, and can make many things which are too complex for a traditional factory to handle. In time, these amazing machines may be able to make almost anything, anywhere--from your garage to an African village.

The applications of 3D printing are especially mind-boggling. Already, hearing aids and high-tech parts of military jets are being printed in customized shapes. The geography of supply chains will change. An engineer working in the middle of a desert who finds he lacks a certain tool no longer has to have it delivered from the nearest city. He can simply download the design and print it. The days when projects ground to a haltfor want of a piece of kit, or when customers complained that they could no longer find spare parts for things they had bought, will one day seem quaint.

Other changes are nearlyas momentous. New materials are lighter, stronger and more durable than the old ones. Carbon fibre is replacing steel and aluminium in products ranging from aeroplanes to mountain bikes. New techniques let engineers shape objects at a tiny scale. Nanotechnology is giving products enhanced features, such as bandages that help heal cuts, engines that run more efficiently and crockerythat cleans more easily. Genetically engineered viruses are being developed to make items such as batteries. And with the internet allowing ever more designers to collaborate on new products, the barriers to entry are falling. Ford needed heapsof capital to build his colossal River Rouge factory; his modern equivalent can start with little besides a laptop and a hunger to invent.

Like all revolutions, this one will be disruptive. Digital technology has already rocked the media and retailing industries, just as cotton mills crushed hand loomsand the Model Tput farriersout of work. Many people will look at the factories of the -future and shudder. They will not be full of grimy machines manned by men in oily overalls. Many will be squeaky clean--and almost deserted. Some carmakers already produce twice as many vehicles per employee as they did only a decade or so ago. Most jobs will not be on the factory floor but in the offices nearby, which will be full of designers, engineers, IT specialists, logistics experts, marketing staff and other professionals. The manufacturing jobs of the future will require more skills. Many dull, repetitive tasks will become obsolete: you no longer need riveterswhen a product has no rivets.

The revolution will affect not only how things are made, but where. Factories used to move to low-wage countries to curb labour costs. But labour costs are growing less and less important: a $499 first-generation iPad included only about $33 of manufacturing labour, of which the final assembly in China accounted for just $8. Offshore production is increasingly moving back to rich countries not because Chinese wages are rising, but because companies now want to be closer to their customers so that they can respond more quickly to changes in demand. And some products are so sophisticated that it helps to have the people who design them and the people who make them in the same place. The Boston Consulting Group reckons that in areas such as transport, computers, fabricated metalsand machinery, 10-30% of the goods that America now imports from China could be made at home by 2020, boosting American output by $20 billion-55 billion a year.

Consumers will have little difficulty adapting to the new age of better products swiftly delivered. Governments, however, may find it harder. Their instinct is to protect industries and companies that already exist, not the start-ups that would destroy them. They showerold factories with subsidies and bullybosses who want to move production abroad. They spend billions backing the new technologies which they, in their wisdom, think will prevail. And they clingto a romantic belief that manufacturing is superior to services, let alonefinance.

None of this makes sense. The lines between manufacturing and services are blurring. Rolls-Royce no longer sells jet engines; it sells the hours that each engine is actually thrustingan aeroplane through the sky. Governments have always been lousy at picking winners, and they are likely to become more so, as legions of entrepreneurs and tinkerers swapdesigns online, turn them into products at home and market them globally from a garage. As the revolution rages, governments should stick to the basics: better schools for a skilled workforce, clear rules and a level playing field for enterprises of all kinds. Leave the rest to the revolutionaries.

Задание 7.Озаглавьте каждый раздел текста

Задание 8.Укажите, верны (True) или ложны (False) следующие утверждения. Исправьте ложные утверждения

1) At present the human civilization has been involved in the second industrial revolution.

2) The distinguishing character of the third revolution is that manufacturing becomes digital.

3) In future manufacturing will focus on mass customization.

4) Numerous changes in producing goods have nothing to do with 3D printers.

5) No revolution has been disruptive.

6) The third revolution won't affect where things are made.

7) Governments will have no problems adapting to the new age.

8) Lastly, governments will have to stick to the basics.

Задание 9.Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы

1) How many industrial revolutions can you remember?

2) What underlies the disruptive character of all revolutions?

3) Is the third revolution under way these days?

4) Why has the third revolution been defined as digital revolution?

5) What examples of the application of 3D printing does the text give?

6) How much will the digital revolution affect the place where products are made?

7) Will customers and governments react similarly to the changes caused by the third revolution?

8) What should governments do as the third revolution rages?

Задание 10.Напишите краткое эссе (10-12предложений) на тему «Big city problems»

Целью эссе является обозначение проблем в жизни больших и малых городов и предложение способов решения некоторых из них.

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