Trends in translating english terms in russian tourism industry

3. The glossary of L-TOUR. A young tourism organization, located in Sevastopol, deals with inbound and outbound tourism but is mainly specialized in exclusive tour programs in Crimea. Despite these features, the company has a well-developed glossary, containing 137 units. 98 of them are presented and defined in Russian, while 39 terms - in English. The most part of the terms denote booking issues and accommodation in hotels. They are structured alphabetically;

4. The glossary of ULETAEM.RU. A tour agency, founded in 2004, works 24 hours 7 days a week. The company employs only professionals with a 10-year experience and therefore, it has obtained success. As evidence, since 2008, it has joined the Moscow Tourism Company “Sputnik” that has functioned since 1958. ULETAEM.RU cooperates with leading tour operators.

As a result, there is an extensive glossary on their website that includes 348 units, which do not have strict structure, except for being alphabetically ordered. It is divided into 2 parts: a list of Russian terms with explanations, and English terminology with Russian definitions. It should be noted that the glossary does not only cover the topic of tourism and hotel services, but also includes various types of tourism (e.g. экотуризм, караванинг, лыжный туризм, etc.)

5. Glossary of MAMBARA.COM. It is an online system of booking, where one can find any type of accommodation necessary. Their main feature is the prices directly received from hotels, contacts of which are available on the website.

As the service is only in online access, it provides a two-part glossary (English and Russian terms), which has 2 crucial peculiarities or options for visitors:

· It has the largest number of terms (841 units), which means that the creators want to avoid misunderstanding among visitors. In other words, they preview the potential difficulties with special vocabulary, which visitors may face;

· The main page of the glossary presents a list of all the terms without definitions. A visitor can choose any term and only then see its definition on a separate page. As an alternative, in the upper part of the main page there is an alphabetic line of the two languages. If a visitor clicks a letter, he or she will see a list of terms, starting from this letter, with its definition.

In addition, while investigating the glossaries, 7 unknown terms have been revealed that present academic interest, as they cannot be found in the dictionary. They are highlighted in yellow (Appendix 1). Having analyzed both the dictionary and the glossaries, we have completed a table that demonstrates the selected terms and their translations in each glossary (Appendix 1). In addition, it includes the variants of translation, suggested by Moshnyaga E. V. for a general understanding of each term.

After that, we have moved further to qualitative methods of research. Firstly, the method of classification has been applied to organize the terms into thematic groups, in order to further identify which groups are mainly translated by a certain method. Thus, it is possible to differentiate between 5 principal groups:

1. Hotel Types: aparthotel, Garni, motel, rotel, hostel;

2. Room/Accommodation Types: bungalow, villa, suite, twin, continental plan;

3. Hotel Procedures and Services: upgrade, catering, room-service, reception, transfer, diving, rafting, snorkeling, parasailing, check-in, check-out, shuttle-service, guide, bellman;

4. Booking and tour purchase: shop tour, safari, low-cost, charter, trekking, tour, tour operator, tour agency, tour agent, tour broker, transit, reclamation, package-tour, visitor, cruise, caravanning, camping, rack-rate, inclusive tour, destination, tourist, timeshare;

5. Food Types in a Hotel: a la carte, English breakfast, continental breakfast, brunch.

Secondly, we have identified the method of translation, applied for the terms in each group, in order to understand how tourism organizations most frequently translate the selected terms. As it has been set in the theoretical part of the paper, there are 5 methods to choose from, namely, transcription and transliteration, tracing, descriptive, approximate and transformational translation. We have compiled the second table, showing the terms and the method of their translation, applied in each glossary (Appendix 2).

Thirdly, having selected classified and identified the method of translation, we applied the comparative method, aimed at:

· Figuring out which method of translation prevails and what the potential reasons for this may be;

· Analyzing why 8 terms are not included by the author in the professional dictionary;

· Making suggestions on how to mitigate the problem of terms, translated into Russian by the means of transcription or transliteration, or borrowings.

Results

The results of the research present the current position of the terms in the Russian language, including the number of consistencies in the glossaries, methods of translation, and the brief analysis of the terms not found in the dictionary. Primarily, we focused on how many of the terms selected are presented in each of the glossaries. The following markers for the glossaries are used: Glossary 1 - TEZ TOUR; Glossary 2 - AREAL-TOUR; Glossary 3 - L-TOUR; Glossary 4 - ULETAEM.RU; Glossary 5 - MAMBARA.COM. The calculations provide the following numbers: 11 consistencies in the 1^st glossary; 27 - the 2^nd glossary; 24 - the 3^rd glossary; 39 - the 4^th glossary and 40 - the 5^th glossary.

Ful. 1

Therefore, there are several potential reasons for these figures. First of all, TEZ TOUR probably does not pay significant attention to the glossary (the 1^st), as the employees can explain everything a visitor needs via email, with the help of online consultants or during direct meeting. Thus, it does not practically include some groups of terms that were subjected to analysis in the current paper, such as accommodation types or types of tourism. Secondly, the 2^nd and the 3^rd glossaries contain fewer consistencies. Both of them have more terms than the 1^st glossary. On the one hand, the organizations are smaller and less visible in the market, and may try to develop all parts of the website, including the glossary, as much as possible to gain popularity among tourists. On the other hand, they may follow the same logic, as the 1^st glossary, and are ready to explain anything unclear to customers. Thirdly, the 4^th and the 5^th glossaries are significantly bigger, as the 4^th company (ULETAEM.RU) cooperates with the leading tour operators and also includes the types of tourism in the glossary. In its turn, the 5^th service (MAMBARA.COM) is fully online, and has managed to compile the most extensive glossary among the others given, possibly, in order to avoid any kind of misunderstanding.

Nevertheless, we can state that the terms that are used in everyday life or in trips, present interest for the majority of the organizations given and the basic ones about food, booking, and accommodation can be found in the glossaries. Exactly, the English terms a la carte, bungalow, guide, Garni, diving, inclusive tour, camping, motel, package-tour, rafting, reception, reclamation, suite, transit, transfer, tour operator and tour are included in at least 4 glossaries.

2.2 Methods of translation

As far as the translations are considered, the results provide the following picture. The terms can be divided into 2 large groups, in accordance with the method of translation and the classification. The first division includes the following groups:

Ful. 2

1. The terms, translated into Russian by transcription or transliteration:

· The 1^st glossary - 9 out of 11 terms presented - 82%

· The 2^nd glossary - 21 out of 27 terms presented - 78%

· The 3^rd glossary - 16 out of 24 terms presented - 67%

· The 4^th glossary - 29 out of 39 terms presented - 75%

· The 5th glossary - 17 out of 40 terms presented - 42,5%

The majority of the terms selected are translated by the means of transcription or transliteration, except for the 5^th glossary. Consequently, it may be concluded that the methods of transcription and transliteration have become more commonly applied and widespread among tour operators. It can be explained by the fact that they strive to be more international and to attract not only Russian but also foreign clients and communicating more effectively with partners around the world.

2. The terms, translated into Russian by tracing:

· The 1^st glossary - 1 out of 11 terms presented - 9%

· The 2^nd glossary - 5 out of 27 terms presented - 18,5%

· The 3^rd glossary - 8 out of 24 terms presented - 33%

· The 4^th glossary - 10 out of 39 terms presented - 26%

· The 5^th glossary - 3 out of 40 terms presented - 7,5%

Ful. 3

The graph shows that the largest percentage of the terms, translated by the means of tracing is presented in the 3rd and the 4th glossaries. In other words, L-TOUR and ULETAEM.RU follow this approach more frequently than other tour agencies under consideration. Potentially, they suppose that thus, the adoption of the terms becomes more transparent, as it implies equivalent translation of one part of a word phrase.

Moreover, the 5th glossary does not tend to apply tracing because as a booking service, it is focused on a relatively diverse target audience. Most probably, they mainly consider international terms and a high level of understanding. Therefore, it is observed that MAMBARA.COM gives priority to transcription/transliteration and descriptive method because it provides all the services online.

3. The terms, translated into Russian by descriptive method:

· The 1st glossary - 3 out of 11 terms presented - 27%

· The 2nd glossary - 2 out of 27 terms presented - 7%

· The 3rd glossary - 2 out of 24 terms presented - 8%

· The 4th glossary - 5 out of 39 terms presented - 7%

· The 5th glossary - 20 out of 40 terms presented - 50%

Ful. 4

The least number of terms are translated in the glossaries using the descriptive method. The 5^th glossary deserves special attention, as approximately one half of the terms are translated using transcription or transliteration, while the descriptive method is applied for the other 50%.

The descriptive method is used less frequently for the same reason. Moreover, tour operators tend to apply this method rarely or in the last turn, as it may lead to the lack of precision or too long word combinations. This can be explained by the fact that the employees in the tourism organizations are not competent enough in translation. However, the 5^th glossary has translated almost a half of terms, using this method. Probably, the reason is that the company is specialized only in online service, and thus, the creators have decided to provide a deeper understanding of terms. On the contrary, the other glossaries have been compiled by tour operators that usually give opportunities for direct (face-to-face) communication.

The second division, based on the classification of the terms selected, includes the following groups:

1. Hotel Types (5 terms):

· 4 terms (80%), translated by transcription/transliteration - aparthotel («апарт-отель»), motel («мотель»), rotel («ротель»), Garni («Гарни»);

· 2 terms (40%), translated by the descriptive method - hostel («недорогая гостиница с небольшим набором услуг (без удобств в номере)»), Garni («отель без ресторана, разновидность апартотеля (apartotel), но чаще всего без ресторана»).

2. Room/Accommodation Types (5 terms):

· 4 terms (80%), translated by transcription/transliteration - bungalow («бунгало»), villa («вилла»), suite («сьюит», «сьют», «сюит»), twin («твин»);

· 2 terms (40%), translated by the descriptive method - suite («двухкомнатный номер, состоящий из гостиной и спальни», «номер, состоящий из нескольких комнат»), twin («двухместный номер с двумя кроватями»);

· 1 term (20%), translated by tracing - continental plan («континентальный план»).

3. Hotel Procedures and Services (14 terms):

· 14 terms (100%), translated by transcription/transliteration - upgrade («апгрейд»), catering («кейтеринг», «кайтеринг»), room-service («рум сервис»), reception («ресепшн», «ресепшен»), transfer («трансфер»), diving («дайвинг»), rafting («рафтинг»), snorkeling («снорклинг»), parasailing («парасейлинг»), check-in («чек-ин»), check-out («чек-аут»), shuttle-service («шатл-сервис»), guide («гид»), bellman («беллмэн»);

· 9 terms (64%), translated by the descriptive method - upgrade («повышение категории номера гостю, зачастую без дополнительной платы»), catering («система обеспечения клиентов (пассажиров) питанием и напитками»), room-service («доставка в номер»), reception («отдел приема»), rafting («сплав по рекам на лодках, катамаранах или плотах»), check-in («регистрация «на входе»), check-out («регистрация «на выходе»), guide («сопровождающий группу»), bellman («коридорный в отеле»).

· 2 terms (14%), translated by tracing - room-service («комнатный сервис»), reception («рецепция»).

4. Booking and Tour Purchase (22 terms):

· 15 terms (68%), translated by transcription/transliteration - shop tour («шоп-тур»), charter («чартер»), trekking («треккинг»), tour («тур»), tour operator («туроператор»), timeshare («таймшер»), transit («транзит»), package-tour («пэкидж-тур»), visitor («визитер»), cruise («круиз»), caravanning («караванинг»), camping («кемпинг»), rack-rate («рэк-рейт»), tourist («турист»), inclusive tour («инклюзив-тур»);

· 7 terms (32%), translated by the descriptive method - safari («туристическая поездка с целью охоты или знакомства с местной природой»), low-cost («Бюджетная» авиакомпания, продающая билеты по ценам гораздо более низким, чем основные перевозчики»), charter («специально зафрахтованное транспортное средство, не включенное в расписание регулярного сообщения»), tour («поездка», «путешествие»), caravanning («разновидность туризма, предусматривающая перемещение и размещение с использованием трейлера»), rack-rate («официальные цены на размещение в отеле»), destination («место назначения»);

· 8 terms (36%), translated by tracing - tour agent («турагент»), tour operator («туроператор»), tour broker («турброкер»), reclamation («рекламация»), package-tour («турпакет»), inclusive tour («инклюзивный тур»), destination («дестинация»), charter («чартерный рейс»).

5. Food Types in Hotel (4 terms):

· 2 terms (50%), translated by transcription/transliteration - a la carte («а ля карт», «а-ля карт»), brunch («бранч»);

· 4 terms (100%), translated by the descriptive method - a la carte («питание по меню»), English breakfast («полный завтрак»), continental breakfast («легкий завтрак»), brunch («прием пищи после завтрака, но до обеда, и заменяющий оба »);

· 2 terms (50%), translated by tracing - English breakfast («Английский завтрак»), continental breakfast («континентальный завтрак»).

Ful. 5

It should be noted that in each group, there are terms that are translated differently, depending on the glossary. Additionally, we have come across the terms, translated, using 2 or 3 methods in one and the same glossary. For example, the term reception is translated in the 1^st glossary in 3 ways (transcription, transliteration, and tracing): ресепшн, ресепшен. рецепция.

The results obtained demonstrate that the translation of the terms, using transcription or transliteration prevails in all the groups, except for the 5^th one, in which the descriptive method dominates. The following reasons may be suggested:

· There is a diversity of breakfast types that hotels serve, and thus, they usually provide a full explanation of the ingredients for each type and even pictures. Russian tour operators may have also decided to stick to this approach;

· New visitors or people who travel for the first time are not aware of everything included in breakfast, lunch and dinner, while choosing the most suitable accommodation type. Consequently, tour operators apply the descriptive method in translation of such terms.

As for the dominance of transcription and transliteration, tour operators may have a tendency to improve the relationship with famous hotel chains, due to globalization. Therefore, they can use more terms of international character, transferring the meanings from English into Russian and making fewer changes (transcription, transliteration). In addition, the Russian operators may want to encourage Russians to adapt to globalization and bring more borrowings into their culture.

Another important finding implies the low degree of using the method of tracing, because generally, it may contribute to the resolution of the issue of borrowings, as tracing does not mean the full adoption of the word form from source language in the target language. It can be suggested that Russian tour operators do not mainly stick to tracing because they may make a mistake in translation or select an incorrect meaning of a Russian word. In contrast, transcription and transliteration do not involve the selection of Russian words and operate only with word form of a certain English term. The descriptive method provides a detailed explanation, which can be of primary importance for a person, travelling somewhere for the first time. Exactly, if a term is translated by tracing, such person may not be aware of what it denotes, while if the descriptive method is applied, he or she may have less questions about what a particular service includes. For example, the term English breakfast is translated by tracing in the 3^rd glossary and by the descriptive method in the 5^th glossary. We can suggest that the 5^th glossary is oriented at new travelers or those people, who have different representations of the term in mind.

To summarize, the results obtained indicate that the majority of the terms selected are translated using transcription or transliteration. Thus, Russian tourism organizations strive for being closer in contacts with foreigners, including foreign tourists and world famous partners in the tourism industry. They tend to believe that slight changes in English terms contribute to more effective intercultural and international communication in the sphere.

2.3 Suggestions

Taking into consideration the results described, it is observed that transcription and transliteration prevail in translation of tourism terms from the English language into Russian by tourism organizations. As this is closely connected with the enrichment of the Russian lexical fond with borrowings, the number of original words in Russian tourism may be reduced. This creates an issue of the loss of specific character and distinctiveness of the language. Primarily, it is important for the Russian tourism terminology because in addition, it can cause misunderstanding among Russian tourists.

Thus, on the one hand, borrowings in the Russian language contribute to international contacts and intercultural communication, especially, in business. On the other hand, they may decrease the level of understanding, if Russian native speakers are considered. In order to mitigate this problem, the following series of 3 measures, can be suggested by the author of the paper:

1. The application of tracing and descriptive method. To strongly recommend tourism organizations use tracing or descriptive method in translation of the terms in business and glossaries. In other words, they should try to transfer the meanings of the units of non-equivalent vocabulary in the Russian language, using the Russian word stock, in general, and the words, related to the sphere of tourism;

2. Influence of the Russian state. In order to obtain positive results, the idea mentioned can be formulated and fixed officially in the form of a law. The law is aimed at the regulation of occurrence of the borrowings in the Russian tourism terminology. The core idea implies that Russian tourism organizations should give precedence to tracing and descriptive method, while translating English tourism terms into Russian. The possible exception is the absence of a particular new tourism service or concept in Russian tourism, as in this case, employees are not aware of the nature and exact meaning of a term;

3. Collaboration with translators. Russian tourism organizations, agencies and online booking services, face difficulties in translation of tourism terms because of different levels of language proficiency. It can be beneficial to unite with professionals: employ translators or cooperate with translation agencies. Afterwards, if they also prioritize transcription or transliteration, it is prudent to trust them and introduce a borrowing in Russian.

Basically, the described plan of actions is related only to the negative side of English borrowings in the Russian tourism terminology. It comprises 3 steps and involves the participation of the Russian state, translators and tourism organizations. As a result of implementing this strategy, it can become possible to make intercultural communication more efficient.

Conclusion

The current paper includes the thorough analysis of tourism terms, covering a number of interconnected issues from the notion of the term to the major methods of translation. Having analyzed several famous Russian theorists-translators, it becomes clear that the definition of the term presents an enormous academic interest. It is difficult to agree on a single definition because of a wide range of peculiarities and existing requirements. Additionally, terms perform different functions, and thus, constitute the basis of professional spheres of life and sciences.

Consequently, the question arises about the approaches to translation of tourism terms from English into Russian. The majority of English tourism terms do not have direct equivalents in Russian, due to the absence or poor development of the corresponding objects or services in Russia. However, this does not fully exclude the possibility of translation, as there are methods for non-equivalent vocabulary, involving the use of the Russian word stock: transcription and transliteration, tracing, descriptive, transformational and approximate translation. Non-equivalent units are not always translated adequately and need careful attention, in order to transfer the meanings as accurately as possible.

Another important issue of translation is that the English and Russian tourism terminologies differ from each other in classification. In English, it is more limited and generalized. Moreover, there are more tourism borrowings in Russian, than in English because of the later development of the sphere in Russia. Currently, the Russian Government has started to elaborate the plan of changes in Russian tourism, in order to improve its position in the world market of tourism.

As a consequence, the comparison of English and Russian tourism terms seems justified. The research conducted has been aimed at analyzing the translation of English tourism terms into Russian in the glossaries, completed by Russian tourism organizations. The results show that:

· The basic terms, concerning food, accommodation and booking of tours are presented at least in 4 out of the 5 analyzed glossaries;

· Descriptive translation is the least frequent method, used by the organizations for the tourism terms;

· In one of the glossaries, which is the largest, transcription/transliteration and descriptive method have an almost equal balance;

· Transcription and transliteration have been the most frequently methods, applied by Russian tourism organizations for translation of the terms selected.

The results confirm the hypothesis of the paper, as the application of transcription and transliteration contributes to an increasing number of English borrowings in the Russian tourism terminology. The notion of borrowings is controversial because at the same time they improve intercultural business communication and lead to the loss of uniqueness of the Russian language. The present research has suggested implementing the following measures: the application of tracing and descriptive method, influence of the Russian state and collaboration between tourism organizations and translators. This plan is recommended to Russian tourism organizations because it seems to be practically realized, encourages not only the organizations, but also the government and translation agencies to participate.

To conclude, the present paper can be beneficial both for tour agencies and translators, as it provides the analysis of translation methods for the most common tourism terms. Besides, the strategy, proposed by the author of the paper, also can enhance international communication, as it helps to minimize misunderstanding of tourism terms in Russia.

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30. Mironova G.V. Terminologiya mezhdunarodnogo turizma i problemy yeye perevoda // Vestnik Vyatskogo gosudarstvennogo gumanitarnogo universiteta [Terminology of International tourism and problems of its translation // Bulletin of Vyatka State University of Humanities]. - 2012. - pp. 171-173.

31. Moshnyaga E.V. Glossariy turistskikh terminov. Slovar' anglo-russkikh i russko-angliyskikh sootvetstviy/ Ye.V. Moshnyaga [Glossary of tourism terms. Dictionary of English-Russian and Russian-English equivalents / E.V. Moshnyaga]. -- M.: Sovetskiy sport, 2008. - 230p.

32. Retsker Ya.I. Posobiye po perevodu s angliyskogo yazyka na russkiy yazyk; 3-ye izd., pererab. i dop. / Ya.I. Retsker [Manual on the translation from English into Russian; 3^rd ed., revised and expanded / Ya.I. Retsker]. Ї M.: Prosveshcheniye, 1982. Ї 159p.

33. Ryabova I.A. Slovar' mezhdunarodnykh turistskikh terminov [Dictionary of international tourism terms]. - M.: Knigodel: MATGR, 2005. - 466p.

34. Russia in Figures (2017), Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat).

35. Sakaeva L.R., Bazarova L.V. Ponyatiya «turizm» i «turisticheskiy diskurs» v sovremennoy nauchnoy paradigme [The notions “tourism” and “tourist discourse” in modern scientific paradigm]. - Tambov: Gramota, 2014 - № 6-1(36). - pp. 159-161.

36. Sakaeva L.R., Bazarova L.V. Sravnitel'nyy analiz terminologicheskoy sistemy turizma angliyskogo i russkogo yazykov// Kazanskiy lingvisticheskiy zhurnal [Comparative analysis of Russian and English terminologies of tourism // Kazan Linguistic Magazine]. - 2018. - T. 1. - № 1 (1). - pp. 16-21.

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Appendix 1

Term + Dictionary translation	TEZ TOUR	AREAL-TOUR	L-TOUR	ULETAEM.RU	MAMBARA.COM
1. A la carte - по меню, выбор блюд по меню	А ля карт	-	А-ля карт	A-la carte	Питание по меню
2. Upgrade - повышение уровня, класса, качества обслуживания	Апгрейд	-	-	Апгрейд	Повышение категории номера гостю, зачастую без дополнительной платы
3. English breakfast - Английский завтрак + его описание в скобках	-	-	Английский завтрак	-	Полный завтрак
4. Aparthotel - гостиница, номерной фонд которой состоит из апартаментов	-	Апарт-отель	-	Апарт-отель	Апарт-отель
5. Bellman - посыльный, коридорный	-	-	Беллмэн	Беллмэн	Коридорный в отеле
6. Bungalow - бунгало	-	Бунгало	Бунгало	Бунгало	Бунгало
7. Villa	-	Вилла	-	Вилла	Вилла
8. Guide - гид, экскурсовод	-	Гид	Гид	Гид	Сопровождающий группу
9. Garni - гостиница из меблированных комнат или квартир с кухней, сдаваемых на длительный период	Garni	Гарни	-	Отель без ресторана	Разновидность апартотеля (apartotel), но чаще всего без ресторана
10. Diving - дайвинг, глубоководное погружение	Дайвинг	Дайвинг	-	Дайвинг	Дайвинг
11. Destination - место назначения	-	Дестинация	-	Место назначения	-
12. Inclusive tour - инклюзивный тур	-	Инклюзив-тур	Инклюзивный тур	Инклюзивный тур, инклюзив-тур	Inclusive tour
13. Camping - кемпинг, лагерь для автотуристов	-	Кемпинг	Кемпинг	Кемпинг	Кемпинг
14. Caravanning - вид автотуризма с размещением в автофургонах и автоприцепах	-	-	-	Караванинг	Разновидность туризма, предусматривающая перемещение и размещение с использованием трейлера
15. Catering - кейтеринг, общественное питание	-	Кайтеринг	-	Кейтеринг	Система обеспечения клиентов (пассажиров) питанием и напитками
16. Continental breakfast - континентальный завтрак + описание	-	Континентальный завтрак	Континентальный завтрак	Континентальный завтрак, легкий завтрак	-
17. Continental plan - гостиничный тариф, включающий размещение и завтрак	-	-	Континентальный план	Континентальный план	Континентальный план
18. Room-service - обслуживание номеров блюдами и напитками	Доставка в номер	-	-	Рум сервис, комнатный сервис	Room service, комнатный сервис
19. Cruise - круиз, морское или речное путешествие	-	Круиз	Круиз	Круиз	-
20. Motel - мотель	-	Мотель	Мотель	Мотель	Мотель
21. Visitor - посетитель, гость	-	-	Посетитель (визитер)	Посетитель (визитер)	-
22. Package-tour - пакетированный тур	-	Пэкидж-тур	Турпакет	Пэкидж-тур, турпакет	Package tour
23. Rafting - сплав по рекам на плотах, резиновых лодках, катамаранах	Рафтинг	Рафтинг	-	Рафтинг	Сплав по рекам на лодках, катамаранах или плотах
24. Reception - служба приема и размещения	Ресепшн (ресепшен, рецепшн, рецепция)	Рецепция	-	Ресепшн, рецепция	Отдел приема
25. Reclamation	-	Рекламация	Рекламация	Рекламация	Рекламация
26. Rotel - ротель + описание	-	-	Ротель	Ротель	Ротель
27. Suite - номер класса «люкс»	Suite (свит), номер, состоящий из нескольких комнат.	Сьюит	-	Сьют, suite	Сьют, сюит, двухкомнатный номер, состоящий из гостиной и спальни.
28. Snorkeling - подводное плавание и ныряние с дыхательной трубкой и маской	-	-	-	-	Снорклинг
29. Transit - транзит	-	Транзит	Транзит	Транзит	Транзит
30. Transfer - трансфер + описание	-	Трансфер	Трансфер	Трансфер	Трансфер
31. Tour agent	-	Турагент	Турагент	Турагент	-
32. Tour broker	-	-	Турброкер	Турброкер	-
33. Tour agency	-	-	-	Туристское агенство	-
34. Tour operator - туроператор	-	Туроператор	Туроператор	Туроператор	Туроператор
35. Tour - тур, путешествие	-	Тур	Тур	Тур	Поездка, путешествие
36. Tourist - турист	-	-	Турист	-	-
37. Trekking - треккинг, сложное путешествие по горам	-	Треккинг	-	Треккинг	Треккинг
38. Twin - близнец, двухместный номер с двумя односпальными кроватями	-	Твин	-	-	Двухместный номер с двумя кроватями.
39. Check-in - регистрация	Чек-ин	Description given	-	-	Регистрация «на входе»
40. Check-out - выезд, выписка из гостиницы	Чек-аут	Description given	-	-	Регистрация «на выходе»
41. Rack rate - официальный гостиничный тариф, являющийся базовым	Рэк-рейт, официальные цены на размещение в отеле	-	-	-	Рэк-рейт
42. Charter - чартер + описание	-	-	Чартер	Чартер	Чартерный рейс, специально зафрахтованное транспортное средство, не включенное в расписание регулярного сообщения
43. Shuttle-service - челночное сообщение	-	-	Шатл-сервис	Шатл-сервис	-
44. Low-cost - дешевый	-	-	-	-	«Бюджетная» авиакомпания, продающая билеты по ценам гораздо более низким, чем основные перевозчики
45. Time share -таймшер, система клубного отдыха	-	-	-	-	Таймшер
46. Hostel - общежитие, турбаза	-	-	-	-	Недорогая гостиница с небольшим набором услуг (без удобств в номере)
47. Shop tour	-	-	-	Шоп-тур	Шоп-тур
48. Safari - сафари, путешествие с целью охоты на редких животных в местах с экзотической девственной природой	-	-	-	-	Туристическая поездка с целью охоты или знакомства с местной природой
49. Parasailing	-	-	-	Парасейлинг	-
50. Brunch - питание между завтраком и обедом	-	-	-	Бранч, Прием пищи после завтрака, но до обеда, и заменяющий оба	Бранч

Appendix 2

Term	TEZ TOUR	AREAL-TOUR	L-TOUR	ULETAEM.RU	MAMBARA. COM
1. A la carte	Transliteration	-	Transliteration	Descriptive translation	Descriptive translation
2. Upgrade	Transcription	-	-	Transcription	Descriptive translation
3. English breakfast	-	-	Tracing	-	Descriptive translation
4. Aparthotel	-	Transliteration	-	Transliteration	Transliteration
5. Bellman	-	-	Transcription	Transcription	Descriptive translation
6. Bungalow	-	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration
7. Villa	-	Transcription	-	Transcription	Transcription
8. Guide	-	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration	Descriptive translation
9. Garni	Descriptive translation	Transcription	-	Descriptive translation	-
10. Diving	Transcription	Transcription	-	Transcription	Transcription
11. Destination	-	Tracing	-	Descriptive translation	-
12. Inclusive tour		Transliteration	Tracing	Tracing, transliteration	Descriptive translation
13. Camping	-	Transcription	Transcription	Transcription	Transcription
14. Caravanning	-	-	-	Transliteration	Descriptive translation
15. Catering	-	Transliteration	-	Transcription	Descriptive translation
16. Continental breakfast	-	Tracing	Tracing	Tracing, descriptive translation	-
17. Continental plan	-	-	Tracing	Tracing	Tracing
18. Room-service	Descriptive translation	-	-	Transliteration, tracing	Tracing, no translation
19. Cruise	-	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration	-
20. Motel	-	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration
21. Visitor	-	Transliteration	Transliteration	-	-
22. Package-tour	-	Transcription	Tracing	Tracing, transcription	Descriptive translation
23. Rafting	Transcription	Transcription	-	Transcription	Descriptive
24. Reception	Transcription, transliteration, tracing	Tracing	-	Transcription, tracing	Descriptive
25. Reclamation	-	Tracing	Tracing	Tracing	Tracing
26. Rotel	-	-	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration
27. Suite	Transcription, descriptive translation	Transliteration	-	Transcription, descriptive translation	Transliteration, descriptive translation
28. Snorkeling	-	-	-	-	Transcription
29. Transit	-	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration
30. Transfer	-	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration
31. Tour agent	-	Tracing	Tracing	Tracing	-
32. Tour broker	-	-	Tracing	Tracing	-
33. Tour agency	-	-	-	Tracing	-
34. Tour operator	-	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration	Transliteration
35. Tour	-	Transcription	Transcription	Transcription	Descriptive translation
36. Tourist	-	-	Transliteration	-	-
37. Trekking	-	Transcription	-	Transcription	Transcription
38. Twin	-	Transcription	-	-	Descriptive translation
39. Check-in	Transcription	Descriptive translation	-	-	Descriptive translation
40. Check-out	Transcription	Descriptive translation	-	-	Descriptive translation
41. Rack rate	Transcription	-	Descriptive translation	-	Transcription
42. Charter	-	-	Transcription	Transcription	Descriptive translation
43. Shuttle-service	-	-	Transliteration	Transliteration	-
44. Low-cost	-	-	-	-	Descriptive translation
45. Timeshare	-	-	-	-	Transliteration
46. Hostel	-	-	-

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