Experience in the brunch of internationalization of higher pharmaceutical education on the example of pharmacognosy and medical botany department of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil national medical university

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Ternopil National Medical University

Experience in the brunch of internationalization of higher pharmaceutical education on the example of pharmacognosy and medical botany department of i. Horbachevsky ternopil national medical university

N.Ya. Oliinyk, L.I. Budniak, L.V. Slobodianiuk, E.A. Parashchuk, I. Horbachevsky

Abstract

Internationalization of higher education is one of the key factors of efficiency and competitiveness of a higher educational institution. The main forms of international cooperation through which the process of internationalization of education takes place are institutional partnership, integration of educational standards into curricula, mobility of educational programs, professional mobility of teachers and academic mobility of students.

I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University Ministry of Health of Ukraine is making a lot of efforts on the way to internationalization and setting a number of strategic tasks.

The aim was to study the process of internationalization in practice on the example of the Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Employees of the department participate in international projects, report at international conferences, symposia, congresses and visit foreign countries for the purpose of improving their qualifications. They publish the results of their scientific research and development in rated international publications. These articles are indexed in various scientometric databases, including Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Index Copernicus and others. Foreign students study at the department and are trained to work abroad as highly qualified specialists. Employees of the department organize All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conferences with international participation “Chemistry of natural compounds”. They also participated in the 18th Hellenic Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry (Greece) and the international conference “Contemporary Pharmacy: Issues Challenges and Expectations 2022”. Every year the department revises and modernizes educational programs and tasks, adding to them the information that was “gathered” in the framework of the exchange of experience with colleagues from other countries of the world. The result of this is the training of highly qualified, competitive specialists.

Thus, the internationalization of higher medical education is an important issue of the integration of Ukrainian higher education institutions into the world educational and scientific environment.

Key words: internationalization; Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany; institutions of higher education.

Анотація

Н. Я. Олійник, Л. І. Будняк, Л. В. Слободянюк, Е. А. Паращук

Тернопільський національний медичний університет імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України

ДОСВІД У ГАЛУЗІ ІНТЕРНАЦІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ ВИЩОЇ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОЇ ОСВІТИ НА ПРИКЛАДІ КАФЕДРИ ФАРМАКОГНОЗІЇ З МЕДИЧНОЮ БОТАНІКОЮ ТЕРНОПІЛЬСЬКОГО НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО МЕДИЧНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ ІМЕНІ І. Я. ГОРБАЧЕВСЬКОГО МОЗ УКРАЇНИ

Інтернаціоналізація вищої освіти є одним із ключових чинників ефективності та конкурентоспроможності закладу вищої освіти. Основними формами міжнародного співробітництва, за допомогою яких відбувається процес інтернаціоналізації освіти, є інституційне партнерство, інтеграція освітніх стандартів у навчальні програми, мобільність освітніх програм, професійна мобільність викладачів та академічна мобільність студентів.

Тернопільський національний медичний університет імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України на шляху до інтернаціоналізації докладає багато зусиль та ставить перед собою ряд стратегічних завдань.

Нашою метою було дослідження процесу інтернаціоналізації на практиці на прикладі діяльності кафедри фармакогнозії з медичною ботанікою Тернопільського національного медичного університету імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України. Співробітники кафедри беруть участь у міжнародних проєктах, доповідають на міжнародних конференціях, симпозіумах, конгресах та відвідують зарубіжні країни з метою підвищення кваліфікації. Результати своїх наукових досліджень, розробок вони публікують у рейтингових міжнародних виданнях. Ці статті індексуються у різних наукометричних базах даних, серед яких Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, Index Copernicus та інші. На кафедрі навчаються іноземні студенти, яких підготовлюють для роботи за кордоном як висококваліфікованих фахівців. Працівники кафедри організовують всеукраїнські науково-практичні конференції з міжнародною участю «Хімія природних сполук». Також співробітники кафедри брали участь у 18th Hellenic Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry (Greece) та Міжнародній конференції “Contemporary Pharmacy: Issues Challenges and Expectations 2022”. Щороку на кафедрі переглядають і модернізують навчальні програми, завдання, додаючи до них інформацію, яку «черпнули» у рамках обміну досвідом із колегами з інших країн світу. Результатом цього є підготовка висококваліфікованих, конкурентоздатних фахівців.

Таким чином, інтернаціоналізація вищої медичної освіти є важливим питанням інтеграції українських закладів вищої освіти у світове освітньо-наукове середовище.

Ключові слова: інтернаціоналізація; кафедра фармакогнозії з медичною ботанікою; заклади вищої освіти.

Introduction

Internationalization of education, integration of universities into the global educational space, and deepening of international cooperation in the field of education and science are among the primary tasks that Ukrainian society sets before institutions of higher education. According to Article 26 of the Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education”, one of the tasks facing the institution of higher education is “establishing international relations and carrying out international activities in the field of education, science, sports, art and culture” [8]. Article 75 “Main directions of international cooperation in the field of higher education” of the Law of Ukraine “On Higher Education” clearly regulates the main directions of international cooperation of higher education institutions, including: participation in exchange programs of students and scientific and pedagogical workers; conducting j oint scientific research; organization of international conferences or other events; participation in international educational and scientific programs or creation of joint programs; involvement of scientific and pedagogical workers of foreign institutions of higher education (HEIs) in the activities of HEIs of Ukraine; promotion of academic mobility, etc. [4, 8].

At the current stage, the internationalization of higher education is not just an international activity of a higher educational institution, but one of the key factors of the efficiency and competitiveness of the higher education institution, a sign of the quality of the services it provides.

In the “Strategy for the Development of Medical Education in Ukraine”, approved on February 27, 2019 and calculated until 2028, a significant place is given to the internationalization of medical education, which is expected to be carried out in the following ways:

conducting trainings on writing grant applications, participation in the “Erasmus+” program and other programs;

increasing the institutional capacity of higher education institutions (faculties) regarding international activities;

inviting foreign teachers to Ukrainian institutions of higher education (faculties) in order to raise the level of teaching and establish contacts for future cooperation;

creation of a state program to promote academic mobility of students [10].

The “Erasmus” program and related mobility schemes, such as “Comet”, “Lingva”, aim to create a European model of higher education. Student exchange is considered a powerful means of developing the pan- European market of specialists and qualified workers [1, 9, 11].

There are four main forms of international cooperation, with the help of which the process of internationalization of education takes place:

mobility of educational programs, formation of new international standards of educational programs;

academic mobility of students and professional mobility of teachers for educational and scientific purposes;

institutional partnership aimed at creating strategic educational alliances and international educational corporations;

integration into educational programs of educational standards [7].

On the way to its internationalization, the modern institution of higher education of Ukraine is making considerable efforts in this direction, setting a number of strategic tasks before itself. First of all, to occupy leadership positions, to be a leading university, a model in its field. Let's examine what this process looks like in practice on the example of the activity of one of the departments of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University Ministry of Health of Ukraine.

The aim - to analyze the ways of implementation, possibilities and impact of internationalization of higher pharmaceutical education on the example of one of the departments of I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University Ministry of Health of Ukraine.

Theoretical framework

I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (I. Horbachevsky TNMU) is one of the first centers of higher medical education in Ukraine and a continuation of its best traditions. Annually, TNMU occupies a leading position among medical universities in all-Ukrainian and international rankings, and constantly works to improve educational, scientific and research areas of activity.

One of the strategic tasks of the university is the comprehensive internationalization of higher education, integration into the international educational and scientific space, competitiveness in the international market for the provision of educational services. Strategic goals and objectives in the international activities of TNMU are described in the “University Development Concept for 2018-2023”, namely:

increasing competitiveness on the international market of educational services; education competitiveness academic professional

comprehensive integration into the global educational community with the aim of joint training of highly qualified specialists in the field of health care with foreign partners;

improving the image and strengthening the position of the university in the international scientific and educational space;

international recognition of educational programs and documents on education;

implementation of double degree programs [3].

It should be noted that the strengthening of the international component is taking place in all areas of the university's life.

TNMU cooperates with leading foreign educational, scientific, scientific research, and medical institutions, and this provides an opportunity for the implementation of a number of international projects and the participation of university representatives in academic exchange programs of scientific and pedagogical workers and students. In particular, student mobility is one of the advanced directions of international activity of TNMU and gives the opportunity to the best students of the university to spend a certain period in a foreign university without interrupting their studies in Ukraine.

The University is a permanent partner of the European Union Erasmus+ International Cooperation Program, which supports projects, partnerships, events and mobility in the field of education, professional training, youth policy and sports. It allows laying the foundations of “soft” cooperation between European universities [2]. Together with more than 150 countries of the world, Ukraine is one of the partner countries (Programme Countries) of the Erasmus+ Program. I. Horbachevsky TNMU cooperates with Wroclaw Medical University (Poland), Santiago de Compostela University (Spain), Pope John Paul II State Higher School in Biala Podlaska (Poland), Aristotle University within the framework of the “Erasmus+ KA1: educational mobility” program in Thessaloniki (Greece), Latvian Academy of Sports Education (Latvia), State Medical School in Opole (Poland), Ondokuz Mayus University (Turkey) and others.

Among the strategic tasks of the development of TNMU is the introduction of the best experience of the universities of the world, its adaptation into the educational and scientific process of the university. This process also takes place thanks to the participation of scientific and pedagogical workers and students in international conferences, symposia, seminars, scientific projects, in conducting joint research and, as a result, preparing joint publications in world scientific publications.

The priority tasks of the international activity of the departments of I. Horbachevsky TNMU is to improve the quality of teaching subjects, implementing the best world experience in the educational process, developing international relations with educational and scientific institutions, receiving grants, and developing joint projects. Employees of the departments are members of international industry associations and professional associations, participate in international projects, visit foreign countries for the purpose of improving their qualifications, report at international congresses, conferences, and symposia. The teachers of the departments publish the results of their scientific research and development in rated international publications. These articles are indexed in many scientometric databases, including Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and others.

One of the important aspects of the internationalization of higher education is the education of foreign students, their preparation as highly qualified specialists for work abroad. The Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany teaches English-speaking students of the foreign faculty of the 2nd, 3rd and 5th years who study the following disciplines: pharmacognosy, pharmaceutical botany and resource science of medicinal plants. Also they can study optional disciplines, including phytotherapy, nutricology, aromalogy in pharmacy, medicinal plants of world medicine. The criteria for including an academic discipline in the list of optional disciplines are the security of the department, its ability to ensure high quality teaching of optional disciplines, namely: personnel support (experience of teaching the discipline, personal achievements of the teacher in relation to the discipline itself); educational and methodological support (textbooks, manuals, monographs, etc.); material-technical base; information support; feedback from applicants about the quality of teaching the discipline at the department [5, 6].

For foreign students master classes are held for mastering skills in pharmaceutical disciplines, which allows mastering the necessary knowledge and skills, which are an important part of the professional training of future specialists.

Also teachers of the Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany hold meetings of the Discussion Club, where they discuss topical issues of pharmaceutical disciplines taught at the department. The participants of the Discussion Club are students of the third and fifth years not only from Ukraine, but also from such countries as Poland, Turkey, Nigeria, etc. They have the opportunity to practice communication tactics and strategies using professional English to establish contact with the patient and improve the effectiveness of counselling.

On the basis of I. Horbachevsky TNMU scientific and practical conferences with international participation or international ones are held. During such events scientists exchange experience and share their scientific achievements. As an example, in 2005, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2019, 2022, the I-VI All-Ukrainian scientific and practical conferences with international participation “Chemistry of natural compounds” were organized and held, dedicated to the study of medicinal plants and the prospects of creating new medicines based on them, standardization and organization of drug production. In particular, representatives of various educational, scientific, and research institutions of Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Greece, and Jordan took part in the work of the VI conference (2022). Among them: 32 medical and pharmaceutical universities, 14 non-medical universities, 5 research institutes of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, research institutes of Lithuania and Poland, M. Hryshka National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kremenets Botanical Garden, Research Station of Medicinal Plants of the Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences, “ORGANOSIN LTD” LLC (Kyiv), research and production company “Ekofarm”.

Employees of the Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany participate in internships, conferences, congresses, symposia based on the universities of the European Union. For five months, the assistant of the Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany of I. Horbachevsky TNMU underwent the 2nd stage of internship at the base of Paul Sabatier University (Toulouse, France) as part of the post PhD program of the academic mobility project Erasmus Mundus MEDEA. Research as a post-PhD scientist was carried out at the Research for Development Institute (Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement - IRD) in the PHARMA-DEV (Pharmacochimie et Pharmacologie pour le Developpement) laboratory in the PEPS research group (Pharmacognosie, ethnopharmacologie et pathologies du Sud) at Paul Sabatier University (Toulouse, France). Internship and conducting scientific research took place at the expense of funds allocated by the European Executive Agency for Education, Audiovisual Production and Culture (EACEA) for the implementation of the Erasmus Mundus MEDEA project. The results of the internship were discussed at the department meetings; the most interesting methods were introduced into the educational process.

Also, in 2021, employees of the department participated in the 18th Hellenic Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry (Greece), organized by the Hellenic Society of Medicinal Chemistry and with the support of the EFMC (European Federation for Medicinal Chemistry and Medical Biology).

On sessions of the 18th Hellenic Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry there were talks about COVID-19, pharmaceutical analysis, organic chemistry, natural products, pharmacology, developments in research and discovery of drugs.

During the 18th Hellenic Symposium on Medicinal Chemistry, there was an exchange of experience, a presentation of the results of their scientific research, and an introduction to the works of scientists from other countries.

In 2022 employees of the department took part in the International Conference “Contemporary Pharmacy: Issues Challenges and Expectations 2022”. The conference was held at the Faculty of Pharmacy of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences and was dedicated to pharmaceutical innovations in response to today's challenges against the background of the historical development of pharmaceutical science and practice. The participants of the international conference had the opportunity to present the results of their research in three scientific sections: phytochemical direction, drug technology and social pharmacy, and the history of pharmacy. The results of research by scientists of the department on the topic: “Determination of carboxylic acids of Tagetes lucida Cav.” was presented at the poster session. Scientists from TNMU were introduced to the work of the scientific laboratory and the educational process at the Faculty of Pharmacy. As a result of participation in the conference, there was an exchange of experience and deepening of knowledge regarding the specifics of teaching fundamental disciplines at the Faculty of Pharmacy; exchange of scientific information regarding the phytochemical study of new medicinal plants, medicinal plant raw materials and new medicinal products based on them, establishment of cooperation on conducting joint scientific research and publishing publications in international scientific publications with a high impact factor, implementation of new methods of research of medicinal plant raw materials.

Conclusions and Prospects for Research

Higher educational institutions of Ukraine, which strive to reach the appropriate level in the processes of internationalization, have to make significant efforts and costs for this, which are associated not only with the multifaceted tasks of improving the quality of their own “educational product”, but also with the need to conduct a constant marketing analysis of the world market educational services. To the favourable factors of internationalization at the Faculty of Pharmacy of

Horbachevsky TNMU can be attributed to the fact that the university takes an active position in this issue and works on further improvement of activities in this direction. The university has a positive reputation on the world and domestic markets of educational services. Educational programs are reviewed and modernized at the departments every year; an exchange of scientific and pedagogical personnel is carried out; the quality of scientific research and the number of publications in international publications and scientific conferences increases; indicators of academic mobility increase every year; internationalization prompts a constant search for the purpose of training highly qualified specialists and ensuring their competitiveness.

Among the limitations to the integration of TNMU into the international academic community, the following can be attributed: the socio-political situation in Ukraine, which leads to material and financial difficulties in ensuring the university's activities; insufficient level of knowledge of foreign languages; non-recognition of degrees or diplomas of Ukrainian graduates and scientists in some countries of the world; legal conflicts; insufficient amount of information, etc.

Thus, the internationalization of higher pharmaceutical education is an extremely important issue of the integration of Ukrainian higher education institutions into the world educational and scientific environment, which requires further study, development and state support at the national level.

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