English anatomical terms, their Latin and Lithuanian equivalents by structure in the human body book
Characteristic of the use in anatomical terminology of generally accepted Latin or Greek words to designate any part of the body for which the ancients had a name. The main feature is the combination of Greek or Latin roots to form a new complex term.
| Рубрика | Иностранные языки и языкознание |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 18.11.2023 |
| Размер файла | 229,2 K |
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Only 2 five-word English compound terms and their Latin and Lithuanian equivalents were found in the source:
Nominative of an adjective positive (attribute) + genitive of a noun (attribute) + nominative of a comparative (attribute) + nominative of a comparative (attribute) + nominative of a noun (determinative) Ф nominative of a noun (determinative) + nominative of an adjective positive (attribute) + genitive of a noun (attribute) + nominative of a comparative (attribute) + nominative of a comparative (attribute) Ф nominative of an adjective positive (attribute) + genitive of a noun (attribute) + nominative of a comparative (attribute) + nominative of a comparative (attribute) + nominative of a noun (determinative):
rectus capitis posterior major muscleHBB77 - musculus rectus capitis posterior majorMTZ355 - didysis uzpakalinis tiesusis galvos raumuo; rectus capitis posterior minor muscleHBB77 - musculus rectus capitis posterior minorMTZ355 - mazasis uzpakalinis tiesusis galvos raumuo.
The configuration of five-word English, Latin and Lithuanian anatomical terms can be marked as follows:
AdjNP + SG + AdjNC + AdjNC + SN ^ SN + AdjNP + +SG + AdjNC + AdjNC ^ AdjNP + AdjNP + AdjNP ++ SG +SN.
Secondary elements of five-word English, Latin and Lithuanian terms are positive degree adjectives, comparative degree adjectives, and the genitive of the noun.
Conclusions
When describing any orientation, location, movement, and direction, the reference is the anatomical position. Anatomical terminology is a form of scientific terminology used by anatomists, zoologists, and health professionals such as doctors, physicians, and pharmacists. Anatomical terminology uses many unique terms, suffixes, and prefixes deriving from Ancient Greek and Latin. Anatomical terms are made up of roots, prefixes, and suffixes. The root of a term often refers to an organ, tissue, or condition, whereas the prefix or suffix often describes the root.
Structural names of body parts and organs must be in Latin. The creation of the terminology of medical sciences, the improvement of terms, and the search for the most suitable word corresponding to one or another concept are a long and painstaking work that was begun at the beginning of the century. Compound terms are predominant in medical terminology. Only word combinations can have a precise scientific expression, since the more words make up the term, the more precisely it can be expressed. Although one-word terms are often considered better and more convenient to use, in science, technology and other specialised fields of human activity, for more complex concepts, compound terms are the most common, and they make up the majority of the terms in many fields. This article discusses English anatomical terms, their Latin and Lithuanian equivalents. They are usually made up of two or three words. Multi-word (four-word and five-word) compound terms are very rare. Steve Parker's The Human Body Book analyses one-word and multi-word English anatomical terms and their Latin and Lithuanian equivalents. One-word English anatomical terms account for less than one-fifth of all the terms found in the source. The said English terms are mostly formed on the basis of Latin and ancient Greek languages (about three-quarters of all the terms found). Two-word English anatomical terms and their Latin and Lithuanian equivalents make up half of the terms found. This is the most productive group of compound terms. Most of the two-word English and Latin terms and their Lithuanian equivalents found in the source have the following grammatical configuration: AdjN + SN = SN + AdjN = AdjN + SN. The secondary elements in this configuration are the nominatives of positive degree adjectives. There are half as many three-word English terms and their Latin and Lithuanian equivalents. Grammatical configurations nominative of an adjective (attribute) + nominative of a comparative (determinative) + nominative of a noun (determinative) = nominative of a noun (determinative) + nominative of an adjective (attribute) + nominative of an adjective (attribute) = nominative of a noun (determinative) + nominative of an adjective (attribute) + nominative of a noun (attribute): nominative of an adjective + nominative of an adjective + nominative of a noun = nominative of a noun + nominative of an adjective + nominative of an adjective = nominative of an adjective + nominative of an adjective + nominative of a noun are the most productive. In the above-mentioned configurations, secondary elements are expressed by positive degree adjectives and comparative degree adjectives. There are only about 10 % of four-word terms; only two five-word English terms with their Latin and Lithuanian equivalents are found. Six- word-to-eight-word compound terms could occur in clinical terminology.
References
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