Features of phraseologisms functioning in military-oriented prose

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Features of phraseologisms functioning in military-oriented prose

Iryna Basaraba

Instructor of foreign languages department National Academy of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine named after Bohdan Khmelnytskyi

Phraseology (from the Greek phrasis "expression, phrase" and logos "word, teaching") is a unique product of human activity, which is not a stable formation and is a phenomenon that is constantly developing and transforming [1]. An immanent feature of phraseology is its emotionality and expressiveness. The usage of idioms in artistic texts strengthens their emotional load.

Many scientists and linguists, such as F. Buslaiev, I. Sreznevskyi, O. Potebnia, P. Fortunatov, O. Shakhmatov, O. Selivanova, Ya. Bechko, V. Bilonozhenko, Sh. Balli, K. Mizin, O. Zubach, H. Lavrynenko, A. Melerovych, O. Smyrnytskyi paid attention to the problem of research and classification of phraseological units. However, in the analyzed scientific works, the question of the phraseological space peculiarities of artistic military texts was not reflected, which necessitated scientific investigations into the functioning of phrases in the specified literary sources.

Talking about military-oriented prose, which describes military actions and wars, their consequences, so their main goal is the formation of motivation, patriotic consciousness of the reader, awareness of the fears and troubles that war brings, and a deep conviction in the need to preserve peace. The use of phraseology by the authors of such works of art contributes to the strengthening of the emotional and psychological load of the text. In this context, an interesting question is the study of the phraseological space of artistic texts on military topics. In addition, in light of the need to achieve a high level of knowledge of the English language by the military, the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of idioms was carried out on the examples of English- language fiction.

As a result of using a number of research methods [2], we discovered morphological, syntactic and lexical-semantic features of phraseological units used in English military-oriented prose. At this stage of our research, it was important to identify the functional aspects of idiomatic usage in the specified texts.

As already mentioned, in order to obtain reliable conclusions about the morphology, semantics and structure of phraseological units, 1,670 phraseological units were selected from English literary texts on the military theme in compliance with all the requirements for the formation of a sample using the methods of mathematical statistics. It is worth noting that idioms repeated in the text were not included in the sample.

The results of our scientific investigations established that all phraseological units used in the studied texts can be conditionally divided into verbal, substantives, adjectival and adverbial, as well as separate exclamations, proverbs, sayings. Of course, each researcher will distribute idioms according to the specified classes at their own discretion, and the results of the distribution may differ slightly. The basis of our division was the presence of a nuclear component in the phraseological unit, as well as the syntactic role of the phraseology in the sentence, which was determined in the context of the subject of the work.

As a result of the conducted research, it can be stated that the most used phraseological units in military-oriented prose are verbal phraseological units, which make up about 64,31% of all studied phraseological units. Among verbal phraseological units, the most used structural model is V+N, which accounts for almost half of the total volume of verbal phrases.

The next most frequently used are substantive phraseological units, which make up 19.34% of the total number of phrases selected in the sample. For such idioms, the core component is a noun and the most used construction is Prep+N.

Adverbial and adjectival phraseological units are few, namely, 5,99% and 8,02%, respectively. The most characteristic constructions for adverbial phrases are Conj+Adv+Conj+Adj and V+Pron+Adv, and for adjectives -Adj+Nand Prep+Adj+N. military oriented action

Exclamations, proverbs, sayings are the least common in texts on military-oriented topics, only 2,34%, and structural models are both single-component and multi-component.

In addition, as a result of the research, it was established that metaphorical phraseological units are used in artistic texts on a military topics, which are 28.8% of the total sample. The use of mathematical statistics methods proved the evenness of the distribution of the studied phraseological units throughout the text in the works on military themes.

The analysis of a sample of 1670 phraseological units revealed a sufficiently large number of motivated phraseological units, which is about 74,91%, which significantly exceeds the number of unmotivated ones (25,09%), but at the same time, among unmotivated phraseological units, the number of metaphorized ones significantly exceeds their number among those motivated by a phrase.

This situation is explained by the fact that the investigated texts describe military actions, operations, organizational moments of wars, and this leads to the need to use motivated (understandable in terms of content) phrases that do not contain metaphors (without "hidden" content), that is, those that encourage clear active actions. By the way, this explains the authors' use of a large number of verbal phraseological units in the texts.

During our research, the lexical-semantic fields of the phraseological space were identified, which was carried out using the method of expert evaluations. Experienced scientific and pedagogical teachers, translators and native speakers acted as experts.

As a result of the work, 6 main lexical-semantic fields were singled out: "action", "feature", "object", "circumstance", "time", "emotions and feelings". The largest lexical-semantic field according to the research results is the lexical-semantic field "Action" (45,99% of the total number of phrases in the sample), the field "feature" is almost three times smaller (14,55%), all other fields are approximately identical, the volume of which is from 8,02% to 11.86% of the selected phrases ("time" - 11,86%, "subjectivity" - 8,02%, "emotions and feelings" - 11,14%, " circumstance" - 8,44%).

In addition, on the basis of the distribution of phraseological units between lexical-semantic fields and the analysis of the content of each field, it can be concluded that the greatest accumulation occurs:

- verbal phraseological units are in the lexical-semantic field "action";

- substantive - in the lexical-semantic field "subjectivity";

- adjectival - in the lexical-semantic field of "feature";

- adverbial - in the lexical-semantic field "circumstance";

- exclamations, proverbs, sayings - in the lexical-semantic field of "emotions and feelings".

In other words, there is a connection between the filling of classes of phraseological units

by morphological feature and the filling of isolated lexical-semantic fields of the idiomatic space of military-oriented prose. To prove this thesis, methods of correlation analysis were used, which confirmed its reliability at a high level of statistical significance [3].

It is worth noting that for the lexical-semantic field "time" it is impossible to establish such a regularity. In this field, there are phraseological units of each class, and the most are verbs (6,29%), but their number is almost entirely less, compared to the number of verbal phraseological units in the "action" field. Therefore, the accumulation of verb phraseology is observed precisely in the "action" field.

Thus, the conducted research made it possible to outline the phraseological space of artistic texts on military themes, to identify its features and to draw conclusions about its content and functioning.

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