Interference phenomena in the field of accentology

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Azerbaijan University of Languages

Interference phenomena in the field of accentology

Sobor Aida Burzu

PhD in philology, Associate Professor

Baku, Azerbaijan

Summary

We can explain the results of the conducted pronunciation experiment for all speakers who participated in the experimental phonetic study as follows:

First of all, focusing on the acoustic results obtained from the movement of the main tone during the pronunciation of all speakers, we can assert that the movement of the main tone during the pronunciation of a female speaker always leads to a higher level than the pronunciation of a male speaker. To this end, we work conducted oscillographic analysis of the German proposals / das nreRtlipe 'pola:R'me:R /das mit9l'me:R >'unt >'atlanti[9 >'otesea:n 'bildsn di: / 'na ty:Ri lcsn gREntesn 'di:zss 'kantinsnts// in the performance of both speakers [3, p.4]

For example, if we look at the average relative acoustic values obtained during statistical calculations in the progressive and terminal syntagmas during the pronunciation of a female speaker, we will see that the pitch frequency in the first syntagma starts at 156 hz, in the second syntagma - 162 hz, and in the third syntagma - 147 hz. The acoustic parameters in these syntagmas in the speech of a male speaker are significantly lower: the pitch frequency in the first syntagma starts at 151 hz, in the second syntagma - 158 hz, in the third syntagma - 138 hz (see: Graph 4.3.2). The maximum value of the pitch frequency falls on the initial phase of the first syntagma -235 hz, and the minimum value - 138 hz - on the last syllable. In this sentence, the frequency of the basic vowel tone varies within fairly significant limits - 138 hz to 235 hz. The interval between the maximum and minimum values of the pitch frequency is 97 hz (see Graph 4.3.2).

The average relative score that we get during the pronunciation of a male speaker starts at 151 hz in the first syntagma and is 13 hz lower in the terminal syntagma. In the results that we get from the structure of temporality, the acoustic picture changes somewhat. Thus, the pronunciation of male speakers is higher in time parameter than the pronunciation of female speakers. If the male speaker has

a sound duration at the beginning of the first syntagma of 82 m/sec, in the second syntagma it is 90 m/sec, in the terminal syntagma it is equal to 92 m/sec. For a female speaker, the values of the temporal component of these syntagmas are expressed in the following values: the first syntagma begins at 78 m/sec, the second syntagma is 84 m/sec, the third syntagma is 87 m/sec. Only smooth sentence dynamics are often found in the same situations during pronunciation by both speakers. The following values were obtained for the male speaker: the peak of dynamism was recorded at the beginning of the first syntagma - 87 db, in the second syntagma it is 83 hz, in the final syntagma it is 83 hz. The following values were obtained from the female speaker: in the first syntagma it is 89 hz, in the second syntagma it is 84 hz, in the final syntagma it is 86 hz (see Graph 4.3.2) [5, p.6]. acoustic diction sound phoneme

Then we experimented with the vowels in the same sentence separately. As in the case of syntagmas, we again analyzed and compared the pronunciation of two informant speakers (female and male). The acoustic indicators obtained during the oscillographic analysis of this proposal involved in the experiment consist in the following characteristics.

First, let's look at the pronunciation results of the male speaker. The phoneme /a/ is used eight times in this sentence. In general, articulatory deviations are observed in the implementation of the German vowel phonemes /a/ and /a:/ by our subjects. Native speakers of the Azerbaijani language usually replace the vowels of the German language /a/ and the long /a:/ with the vowels of their native language /a/. In other words, native speakers of the Azerbaijani language replace the stable, homogeneous acoustic sounding German vowels /a/ and /a:/ with the vowels of their native language. The replacement of long German /a:/ by Azerbaijani-speaking informants with a normal sound /a/ can be explained by the absence of a long vowel phoneme /a:/ in the phonological system of their native language. The non-observance of the longitude of vowel phonemes in the German speech of our subjects is an indicative sign. The non-observance of the longitude of German vowels is primarily due to the lack of semantic differentiation of words based on longitude/brevity in their native language. Partial observance of the longitude of German vowels in the German speech of our subjects is primarily due to the fact that when implementing Azerbaijani stressed vowels, the frequency of the main tone is characterized by an increasing sign of the development of the frequency of the main tone (see: Graph 4.3.2).

The average formant values of vowel phonemes /а/, /а:/, /о/, /о:/, /u/, /u:/ Fi and Fii

Now let's look at the analysis of the phoneme /a/ in all three parameters. When pronouncing this phoneme, the pitch movement starts from the middle level, i.e. 158 hz. Closer to the middle of the sentence, the pitch frequency sometimes rises and sometimes decreases. Eventually, the tone frequency returns to its previous state and ends at 148 hz. The time parameter starts at a level slightly above the average, i.e. 96 m/sec. Sometimes it slows down significantly in speech, especially towards the end of the syntagma and the sound time stretches up to 1 05 m/sec. At the end of the terminal syntagma, the sound length can reach 114 m/sec, which is significantly higher than the average duration of the entire sentence. As for the intensity of the phoneme /a/, it should be noted that its intensity starts at 87 hz. The peak intensity in all acoustically analyzed syntagmas is realized only in the initial phase. By the end of the syntagmas, the vibrations of the vocal cords weaken significantly and this is reflected in their acoustic indicators. In general, by the end of syntagms, dynamism in most cases gradually decreases. Only in some phonetic positions does the intensity of the phoneme /a/ increase to 89 hz. This acoustic characteristic of the phoneme /a/ is primarily related to the acoustic nature of the vowel sound itself and the phonetic position in which this vowel sound is realized (see: Graph 4.3.2).

Oscillographic analysis of the German sentence />als di: 'noRt/pitss >O0Rop'a:s 'bstraxtst di: 'vissn/aft >di: inzsl va'gs:Ra,/ di: 'zy:t/pites 'bildst di: >'inzsl 'kRe:ta >unt di: 'vsst/pites di: >'inzlgRups 'dAnmo:R 'hed// it was also performed by both announcers.

Now let's look at the acoustic results obtained by us during the oscillographic analysis of the phoneme - /i/. In this sentence, the phoneme /i/ is used six times. The phoneme /i:/ is also implemented six times in the sentence. When pronouncing the phoneme /i:/, the movement of the pitch frequency performed by male speakers begins with an average melody, that is, 148 hz. The frequency in the first phrase of the sentence is not smooth, i.e. it is twice rises, such as in the words «>O0Rop'a:s» and «'vissn/aft» the frequency of the pitch phoneme / a:/ is 210 Hz, and the phoneme /a/, it is equal to 230 Hz. However, by the end of the syntagma, the melody is realized by a slight decrease - 146 hz. By the end of the first syntagma, the pitch frequency is 146 hz. This is 56 hz less than the average pitch frequency of the whole syntagma. The average pitch frequency is 183 hz (see: Graph 4.3.3) [4, 5, 6].

Graph 4.3.3.

The time parameter in the first syntagma starts at a high level, i.e. 92 m/sec. It slows down significantly by the end of the syntagma - 105 m/sec. In the initial phase of the syntagma in the word "di:", the duration of the phoneme /i:/ is 126 m/sec. However, by the end of this syntagma, the duration of the phoneme /i:/ increases slightly - 130 m/sec. It should be noted that the average duration of the phoneme /i:/ in the first syntagma is 124 m/sec.

However, the duration of the phoneme /i:/ does not only depend on its own nature, since its duration is also influenced by those phonetic positions (it is mainly realized in open syllables) in which it is realized (see: Graph 4.3.3). We experimented with analyzing the same sentence in the pronunciation of a female speaker. Each individual is able to pronounce and distinguish more sounds than the number in his native language, but this ability is mainly due to systemic phonological relationships. The main deviation in the German speech of the subjects is the irregular observance of the longitude of vowel sounds in both open and closed syllables, which is characteristic of the German pronunciation norm.

References:

[1] Axundov, A.A. Azarbaycan dilinin fonetikasi/ A.A.Axundov. - Baki: Maarif, - 1984. - 392 s.

[2] Aslanov, F.0. Muasir alman va Azarbaycan dillarinda cumlalarin sintaqmatik uzvlanmasinin prinsiplari / F.a.Aslanov. - Baki: Mutarcim, - 2005. -160 s.

[3] Вейсялли, Ф.Я., Бабаев Дж.М. Понятие смысла в лингвофилософских концепциях // Критика и семиотика, 2016, №1, с. 36-43.

[4] Вейсялли, Ф.Я. Вариативность гласных фонем современного немецкого языка (Экспериментальные данные и теоретические проблемы) / Ф.Я.Вейсялли. - Ленинград: Просвещение, - 1981. - 522c.

[5] Вербицкая, Л.А. Звуковые единицы русской речи и их соотношение с оттенками и фонемами: /автореф. дис. ... канд. филол. наук/- Ленинград, - 1965. - 15 с.

[6] Виноградская, М.В. Интерферентные явления в речи российских немцев: грамматический и лексико-семантический аспекты: / Дисс. ... кандидата филологических наук / - Майкоп, 2009. - 180 с.

Резюме

Интерференционные явления в области акцентологии

Профессор Аида Бурзум

Кандидат филологических наук, доцент Азербайджанского университета языков, Баку, Азербайджан

Результаты фонетического эксперимента, в ходе которого анализировалось произношение определенного предложения как женщинами, так и мужчинами, выявили явные различия в акустических параметрах. Акустический анализ, сфокусированный на частоте тона, продолжительности и динамичности звука, демонстрирует заметные различия между двумя полами. Например, говорящие женщины неизменно демонстрируют более высокие частоты тона и более плавную динамику предложений по сравнению с говорящими мужчинами. Кроме того, в исследовании подчеркиваются артикуляционные отклонения, наблюдаемые при произношении немецких гласных фонем носителями азербайджанского языка, что проливает свет на влияние фонологических систем родного языка на произношение на втором языке.

Ключевые слова: фонетический эксперимент. акустический анализ. частота звука. длительность звучания. динамизм. артикуляционные отклонения. немецкий

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