The main stages of translation of the accompanying documentation

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The main stages of translation of the accompanying documentation

Shafeyeva D.A., Krivokonev I.R.

Abstract

The article discusses the main stages of translation of the accompanying technical documentation. Examples of accompanying documents are given. Some features of automation of the translation process of technical documentation are considered, as well as the integrated use of linguistic software products to ensure the greatest efficiency of translation work.

Keywords: accompanying technical documentation, technical terminology, electronic translation. accompanying document linguistic translation

Аннотация

Шафеева Д.А., Кривоконев И.Р.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ ПЕРЕВОДА СОПРОВОДИТЕЛЬНОЙ ДОКУМЕНТАЦИИ

В статье рассмотрены основные этапы перевода сопроводительной технической документации. Приведены примеры сопроводительных документов. Рассмотрены некоторые особенности автоматизации процесса перевода технической документации, а также комплексное использование лингвистических программных продуктов для обеспечения наибольшей эффективности переводческой работы.

Ключевые слова: сопроводительная техническая документация, техническая терминология, электронный перевод.

The modern structure of the world economy requires manufacturers, as subjects of economic relations, to provide accompanying technical documentation not only in the national language. The accompanying technical documentation for high-tech equipment and software in English opens the way for manufacturers to global markets and determines their commercial success.

The rhythm and pace of global business forces the use of translation automation tools to reduce large time costs.

In addition to the foreign trade contract, the scope of documents for the implementation of foreign trade transactions includes a number of accompanying technical documents. They are necessary for the implementation of customs control procedures and other types of control provided for by the legislation of the countries.

The Customs authorities may request accompanying documents for control. The information of the accompanying documents is taken into account when preparing customs declarations. This obligation is enshrined in law. The accompanying documents are subject to storage for 5 years after the release of the goods.

The list of accompanying documents includes documents confirming compliance with prohibitions and restrictions, as well as measures to protect the domestic market. Such documents include licenses; permits provided for by the CITES Convention; conclusion on the export of cultural property; act of state control of import and export of precious stones or metals; certificate of veterinary profile; certificate of phytosanitary profile; conclusion of export control.

Transport documents also belong to the list of accompanying documents. Such documents include documents between carriers, senders, and recipients of goods necessary for the implementation of transportation services.

In the practice of international trade, the basic requirements for the preparation of transport documents and the rules for the application of certain types of such documents have been developed. Such documents include a bill of lading, air waybill, bill of lading, railway waybill.

The list of accompanying documents includes documents confirming the transaction with goods and documents confirming ownership. These documents (foreign trade contract, additional agreements to the contract, specifications) provide the legal basis for transactions between counterparties.

Russian legislation does not provide for the conclusion of a foreign trade agreement. However, it is required for customs control and control by other government agencies. In the absence of a contract, they can be replaced by invoices, acts of work performed or services rendered, reports of performers, transfer acts, invoices, etc.

Documents confirming ownership include documents confirming the fact of donation, power of attorney, license agreement, trademark agreement, franchise agreement.

The list of accompanying documents includes commercial documents and documents confirming the declared customs value. Such documents include the constituent documents of the importing company, an invoice, bank documents under a supply agreement, shipping sheets, bank documents under a contract for transportation, loading, unloading, reloading of goods; contracts on the cost of containers, packaging, packaging materials and packaging works; insurance contracts.

The list of accompanying documents includes documents on the origin of goods. Such documents include declarations of origin or certificates of origin. In the Russian Federation, they are issued by the Chamber of Commerce and Industry.

The technical accompanying documentation for complex equipment has a large volume. In conditions of tight deadlines, a short time period is allocated for the transfer. In this regard, the task is delegated not to one translator, but to a group of translators to speed up the work. This is fraught with the emergence of various types of errors and shortcomings in the translation, such as discord in the terminology and style of the resulting text.

For example, the word "valve" in the narrow technical field of hydraulics has variants of analogues in Russian: гидроаппарат; гидрораспределитель; кран; пневмоаппарат; пневмораспределитель; световой затвор; электровакуумный прибор; электронный прибор; затвор (гидротехнический); задвижка.

If one translator from the group uses one option, the second translator uses the second, the third translator uses the third, then the user reading such accompanying technical documents will think that information about different details is being presented. To avoid this, the translation agency employs an editor to unify terminology and style. In addition to the services of the editor, special software is used to ensure the stylistic uniformity of the resulting translation and the terminological unity of the entire text.

The technical accompanying documentation contains extensive illustrative material presented in graphic form. These are diagrams, drawings, diagrams, tables. For the professional appearance of the accompanying documents, specialists in the field of layout and design are used, who present information to the end user in a convenient format.

The layout of the translated text should result in the same design of graphic elements as in the original text. The costs of layout are included in the translation agency in a separate article. Only comprehensive translation services for technical projects lead to a competitive result, which requires high professional qualifications of a number of specialists (managers, translators, editors, proofreaders, typesetters) and their coordinated work.

Modern translation methods, in addition to traditional manual methods, include automated machine translation. Internet sites offer special translation programs that translate online. Machine translation tools are also used to translate technical texts.

But still, we have to admit that at the moment there is no such translator program capable of performing technical translation at the level of a qualified specialist. "Working with language ... in technical translation is not limited to using a certain, even the widest dictionary and established linguistic structures" [8, p. 59].

Translation programs can provide quite effective assistance for translating specific language units of varying structural complexity. But no dictionary can offer all cases of correct translation of a language unit in all its speech embodiments. The same applies to terms. The machine resource is able to offer translation options taking into account the details of the context, but with an acceptable level of adequacy of the technical translation as a whole, such inaccuracies may arise in the details of the presentation of the term in the context, which ultimately turn out to be significant for the communicative purpose in technical translation.

This is especially important when translating technical supporting documents and contracts. It is no exaggeration to say that when translating them, an incorrect interpretation of the scope of the term within a certain context of a narrow technical field or an incorrect interpretation of the semantics of the preposition can lead to a distortion of the meaning of the source text.

An electronic translator can carry out a literal translation, but cannot adequately choose an appropriate translation option from several suitable formal and contextual criteria and features. Signals of a particular context based on mental operations to establish subject-logical, associative, cause-and-effect relationships between referents are not captured by translation programs.

Translation programs cannot effectively evaluate the intellectual content of translation units and extract the information given in the message implicitly; they cannot effectively reconstruct the desired stylistic effect, etc. As a result, there are errors in the translation product that distort the original meaning of the message to a greater or lesser extent.

When contacting an electronic translator to obtain a machine translation option, it is then necessary to manually work out the errors and make adjustments. But some technical translation specialists oppose such an intermediary function of the translator program, because the specialist can correct the term incorrectly applied by the program after the fact or correct the preposition to the desired one. But in the mode of such work, it is impossible to eliminate errors in the general style of presentation, in the broken and not restored internal connections of the text. This is the fundamental problem of electronic translation. Only the work of a professional translator can guarantee the quality of the translation and its identity to the original.

Specialists perform technical translation without mediation of such translation programs, that is, completely manually, in order to create an adequate translation product and offer the consumer a competent and stylistically seasoned translation text.

The expediency and effectiveness of automating the translation process of technical documentation are discussed at the forums. The modern structure of the world economy requires manufacturers, as subjects of economic relations, to provide accompanying technical documentation not only in the national language.

The accompanying technical documentation for high-tech equipment and software in English opens the way for manufacturers to global markets and determines their commercial success.

The rhythm and pace of global business forces the use of translation automation tools to reduce large time costs.

Translators have a text editor at their disposal, which allows them to save time on editing, and various electronic dictionaries that offer the translator options for choosing a translation of a word or combination. The use of these tools significantly increases the efficiency of the translation process.

Translation Memory (TM) translation automation systems are based on an extensive internal database of texts and translations. The new document is uploaded to the TM system, then it is divided into segments and compared with texts from the internal database.

If the system finds segments in the existing database of previously translated ones, then it indexes them as such, other segments may be indexed as partially matching the internal database, and some segments as new segments requiring translation.

Thus, the translator uses the results of previous work, spends neither effort nor time repeating the same work. Translation Memory systems have proven their effectiveness when working with the translation of similar documents on similar topics, for example, similar accompanying technical documentation. The actual and digital variable information in the text segments stored in the database is edited.

These systems are used in translation bureaus all over the world. Their relatively high cost prevents their widespread distribution in Russia. Machine translation technologies determine their place in the automation of the translation process, gaining their place in the market. Many large corporations use machine translation tools for industrial translation of technical documentation.

The integrated use of all linguistic software products to ensure the greatest efficiency of translation work is as follows: at the stage of preparing a document for translation, the document is studied to identify terminology and search for translations for new terminology. PROMT Terminology Manager (PROMT TerM) is used -- a system for automatic terminology extraction and management.

Further, the translation is carried out directly, taking into account and clarifying the identified terminology. After that, post-editing is carried out. The Translation Memory system is used to search for already translated segments, and the PROMT system is used to translate new segments and post-edit them. A special PROMT4Trados program ensures the interaction of these systems.

The integrated approach of combining linguistic software products to solve translation automation tasks helps to reduce the volume of printed work and manual translation, significantly increases the speed of translation and editing processes, promotes effective unification of special terminology and ensures uniformity of style in teamwork.

Thus, a professional translator must have the skills to work in a translation agency team and must be ready to use a number of linguistic software products necessary for effective work and the creation of a sustainable technological cycle of translation.

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