Процеси формування регіональної ідентичності України як чинник її зовнішньої політики в галузі безпеки

Решены следующие научные задачи: исследовано генезис становления национальной идентичности Украины; произведена систематизация существующих подходов к изучению национальной и региональной идентичности, на основе чего разработан авторский подход к исследованию. На основании комплексного подхода раскрывается вопрос формирования национальной идентичности Украины как фактора ее внешней политики в сфере безопасности. Рассмотрена взаимосвязь и суть феноменов: региональная безопасность и региональная идентичность.

Произведен сравнительный анализ процессов становления и формирования новых региональных идентичностей в Европе, а именно, центральноевропейской, восточноевропейской, юго-восточноевропейской и участия Украины в развитии данных идентичностей. Продемонстрировано влияние геополитических идентификаций Украины на процессы формирования системы субрегиональной безопасности в Черноморском субрегионе.

Ключевые слова: национальная идентичность, региональная идентичность, внешняя политика, региональная безопасность, субрегиональная безопасность.

Tetyana S. Starodub. Processes of forming regional identity of Ukraine as a factor of its foreign policy in a sphere of security. Manuscript.

The thesis for Candidate of Political Sciences Degree, speciality 21.01.01 - The grounds of national security of the state (political sciences). National Institute of International Security Problems under National Security and Defense Counsil of Ukraine. Kyiv, 2005.

Such the processes are analysed in thesis: creating and forming national identification and regional identity of Ukrainian people; their reflection in the native and foreign tradition and influence on the resolving issues of domestic and external policy in a sphere of national security of Ukraine, namely, on the development of cooperation in Black Sea zone, which is directed on creation qualitatively new system of security and stability in subregion.

The following tasks are resolved: genesis of creating national identity of Ukraine has been researched. The existing concepts on studying national and regional identity were systematised and personal vision of research was presented. A complex approach demonstrated issue of forming national identity of Ukraine as a factor of its foreign policy in a sphere of security. Correlation and essence of phenomena: regional security and regional identity have been examined.

Comparative analysis of processes of creating and forming new regional identities in Europe, namely, Central-European, Eastern-European, South-Eastern-European ones and participation of Ukraine in the development of the giving identities has been done. Influence of geopolitical identifications of Ukraine in processes of forming system of subregional security in Black Sea subregion has been demonstrated.

Now one may speak on the possibility of the new scientific direction origin in the research of the regional identity conception as a scientific category. This direction provides the alternative interpretation of the regional identity of Ukraine in the context of Ukraine choice of one of the new regional identities in Europe that will be connected with its influence on the foreign policy of the state in the sphere of security. There are certain reasons for the origin of this direction and among them one of the main reasons is uncertainty of the foreign policy of the state. The basis for this direction transformation into the complex approach is works of foreign investigators (I.Prizel, S.Burant et al.), where the issue of Ukrainian national identity formation is demonstrated as the factor of its foreign policy in the sphere of security.

Taking into consideration the historical, civilizational, political, social and economic, geopolitical, religious, ethnic-political connections of our state with European countries, it is possible to determine the regional identity of our state through its place and the role in the building of the new architecture of the regional security, that is determined by its internal policy and national security interests, as well as by the foreign policy and the conception of Ukraine consolidation as the regional state.

Being recognized by the world as the key country for European security, Ukraine is the only one state that belongs to Eastern, Central and South-Eastern Europe at the same time. So Ukraine is able to play the cementing role, to prevent from the rise or renewal of the artificial barriers in the part of the world that had been included into the USSR or has been under its control.

The seriousness of the problems that Ukraine had to solve during the first decade of its independence did not prevent it from the direct participation in the efforts being made by the international community for the settlement of the regional conflicts in Europe.

Crimea Tatar issue has two components: the restoration the rights of Crimea Tatars as the deported people; the regulation of the relations with Crimea Tatars as the native people of Ukraine. The settlement of the indicated problems should be considered in the appropriate legislative body.

Ukraine is the active participant in the process for of the Near-Dniester conflict settlement and now it is the peace guarantor between Republic of Moldova and Near-Dniester Moldavian Republic. There is the resolution on the involvement of Ukrainian servicemen in the peacekeeping operation and Ukraine joining the United Control Commission. The process of the Near-Dniester conflict settlement is an example of the effective cooperation between Ukraine and Russia in the regional security issues.

Ukraine observes the principle of Azerbaijan territorial integrity, but insists as well on the observance of the ethnic minorities rights on its territory, in particular, Armenian one within Mountainous Karabakh autonomy, which status should be determined on the agreement of the conflicting parties.

Ukraine dissociation from the international processes, the policy passivity in the region would result in its loss of the possibilities as the influential regional state.

Ukraine has all possibilities originating from its own interests to improve its political and economic position, facilitate the integration of the GUUAM countries to the world community and the increase of its own regional influences, the development of the production and trade, as well as the perspective sales markets widening et al. Such improvement can be realized at the expense of the establishment of multi level system of the cooperation with the countries of the Black Sea subregion. The development of the events in the subregion stipulates the necessity of the establishment of more effective security system; therefore, it is Ukraine that should initiate the transition of GUUAM to the new stage of the deepened cooperation, in particular, in the military and political sphere.

European identity of Ukraine from the potential of the beginning of 90th of XX century is transforming into the reality at the beginning of XXI century.

Key words: national identity, regional identity, foreign policy, regional security, subregional security.

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