Protection of environment on Balkan Peninsula

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/

Abstract work

Protection of environment on Balkan Peninsula

Certainly, each Balkan country undertakes on the national level identical legislative, administrative and technical measures on protection of environment. These measures should be correlated with modern tendencies and approach to ecological problems. At the same time in the region, within the framework of its state policy concerning environment, it is impossible not to take into account and not to consider the already achieved international agreement in the given sphere. States participate [1] in this or that form in global cooperation on protection of environment. It is not only the duty, but is absolutely the real necessity on the account of pollution.

The fact is that life itself dictates "internationalization of" measures of protection of environment, as without their harmonization and co-ordination on national, regional and global level it is impossible to speak of successful decision of ecological problems, generated by pollution and other problems of protection of environment. All this can be refracted through the prism of one of the conclusions, made by the Brunt land Commission in its report "Our common future" [2]. "Think globally, act logistically".

In this connection, particularly palpable and in concrete measures there is put the question about regional cooperation in the sphere of protection of environment. It turns out to be more efficient, since exactly such cooperation at present more often concerns directly interests of all groups of states of the given historical region. For them, situated on seashores and river banks there are typical specific climatic and ecological conditions.

These objective circumstances are symptomatic for Balkan Peninsula - surrounded by three seas / Mediterranean, Black and Adriatic/, crossed by the huge navigable river / the Danube /, possessing rich cultural and natural inheritance: parks, reservations, rare and valuable species of plant and animal world.

The necessity of protection of this unique natural inheritance for undertaking common co-coordinated measures on the part of all Balkan states after taken place in 1989 changes in the countries of Central and East Europe gives the question special urgency. This necessity is intensified by the fact that the happened changes have brought to essential changes in border modes [3]. And this is directly connected with protection of migrating species of wild fauna, with preservation of "surviving rare species" of ecosystems, etc. [4]. On the other hand, many problems exist in connection with activity and actions, taken place on the territory of other states.

However, for the first time cooperation in the sphere of protection of environment among the countries of Balkan Peninsula were established in 1987. [5]. The given program included the following three main questions:

- Exchange of information on condition of natural environment in each of the countries represented at the meeting c;

- Information on realized national programs on protection of environment in the countries-participants of the meeting;

- Volume of opinions and ideas on cooperation between Balkan countries in the sphere of ecology.

Unanimous was the establishment that in consequence of such dynamic industrialization and urbanization, intensive use of woods, lands, and underground treasures, on the Balkans there has escaped many species of flora and fauna - plant and animal species, existed in this region for thousands of years. Air pollution is the problem with heavy consequences, not only for the state of environment, but for the men's health as well - especial in large cities, where there is concentrated enormous industrial potential and pollution from transport repeatedly exceeds at most possible norms.

Special attention was drawn to transport pollution, which has gained actual importance in the modern world. However measures on its limitation and reduction leaves the frames of national competence of separate states. That is why it is especially important in this sphere to install both double-sided, and regional and global cooperation.

The Sophia meeting was followed by the three meetings, which, regretfully, have not brought to achievement of final agreements.

At the same time, however, the development of ecological problem is relentless: without undertaking international cooperation on problems of protection of environment there becomes impossible realization of a number of principles in the given sphere, already confirmed in international relations, including the concept of firmed development. On the other hand, 90-s are noted by dynamic development and expansion both in the field of ordering the international law, тand in the field of cooperation /global and regional/ in the field of protection of environment:

- there has been adopted a number of basic conventions such as about change of climate, about protection of the biovariety, about the right to information, about participation of public associations at decision of ecological problems and access to justice on questions of environment; it is impossible to neglect the fact that, in 1994. there came into force the largest and all round act of the international law - the UNO Convention on marine law; which regulates relations between states in the World Ocean, occupying 71% of the area of the whole planet;

- there has taken place the UNO conference on environment and development - 1992. - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil;

- The UNO Economic Commission on Europe in 1990 adopted the Bergen declaration on firm development of the countries of the region;

- the process "Environment for Europe" is developing.

All this can not reflect positively on relations of the states of Balkan Peninsula on the problems of environment. The idea of regulation [6] of their cooperation in the field of environment [7] will yield consent on the other forms of cooperation - political, economic, trade, cultural and etc.

In the field of environment there exist the most varied and varied forms of cooperation, as:

- volume of information on condition of environment in separate Balkan countries (particularly, for border regions);

- scientific and technical cooperation on problems of environment ;

- volume of methods, literature, experts in different spheres of environmental activity;

- data exchange about most possible concentration of pollution in different natural components;

- participation in scientific conferences, symposia;

- seminars;

- giving information at special and emergency ecological situations - large industrial, nuclear and other disaster and natural disaster, which could render essential negative influence on the state of environment on the Balkans as a whole;

- Cooperation in the field of monitoring, development of uniform norms, standards and methods of checking the state and protection of environment, prevention and restrictions of pollution of the Black, Mediterranean and Adriatic seas and the river Danube;

- co-ordination of the measures and actions at border pollution;

- application of general efforts for protection of genetic fund, flora and fauna;

- stimulation of contacts between different public organizations on questions of protection of environment; co-ordination of national programs on protection of environment, etc.

Obviously forms, ways and facilities of realization of such multi-sided cooperation between the countries of Balkan Peninsula on ecological protection of the region is justified both from political, and moral and legal standpoint. There are all premises and conditions for it. It is necessary to render concrete, to pass acts of international regional law (convention, contract or agreement) the already expressed opinions and considerations, and coordinated projects of agreements;

- giving information at special and emergency ecological situations - large industrial, nucleus or the other disasters and natural disasters, which could render the essential negative influence upon the holistic state on environment on the Balkans;

- cooperation in the field of monitoring, development of uniform norms, standards and methods of checking the state and protection of environment, prevention and restrictions of pollution of the Black, Mediterranean and Adriatic seas and the river Danube;

- co-ordination of the measures and actions at border pollution;

- application of general efforts for protection of genetic fund, flora and fauna; protection balkan ecological environment

- stimulation of contacts between different public organizations on questions of protection of environment; co-ordination of national programs on protection of environment, etc.

We believe, that forms, ways and facilities of realization of such multi-sided cooperation among the countries of Balkan peninsula on ecological protection of the region is justified both from political, and moral and legal standpoint. Therefore already expressed opinions and considerations, and already stated ideas coordinated in projects of agreements is necessary to render concrete, pass acts of the international regional law ( convention, contract or agreement), which would legally clam the desire of our people to live in ecologically clean region of the world.

The literatureand notes

1. Постановление ФАС Волго-Вятского округа от 26 февраля 2007 г. по делу N А79-10781/2006.

2. Постановление ФАС Московского округа от 12 мая 2006 г. по делу N А40-58126/05-121-538.

3. Постановление ФАС Западно-Сибирского округа от 25 октября 2004 г. по делу N Ф04-7725/2004.

4. Постановление ФАС Дальневосточного округа от 28 апреля 2004 г. по делу N Ф03-А51/04-2/732.

5. Постановление ФАС Волго-Вятского округа от 1 августа 2005 г. по делу N А38-429-1/111-2005.

6. Постановление ФАС Западно-Сибирского округа от 26 декабря 2006 г. по делу N Ф04-8564/2006(29619-А70-7).

7. Постановление ФАС Северо-Западного округа от 21 марта 2007 г. по делу N А56-11886/2006.

8. СЗ РФ. 1998. N 7. Ст. 785.

9. Там же. 1996. N 1. Ст. 1.

10. См.: Горохов С.М. Законный представитель юридического лица по делам об административных правонарушениях // Журнал российского права. 2004 N 6.

11. См.: Федеральный закон от 14 ноября 2002 г. N 161-ФЗ «О государственных и муниципальных предприятиях» // СЗ РФ. 2002. N 48. Ст. 4746; Федеральный закон от 26 декабря 1995 г. N 208-ФЗ «Об акционерных обществах» // Там же. 1996. N 1. Ст. 1; Федеральный закон от 8 февраля 1998 г. N 14-ФЗ «Об обществах с ограниченной ответственностью» // Там же. 1998. N 7. Ст. 785.

12. Конвенция о защите прав человека и основных свобод ETS N 005 (Рим, 4 ноября 1950 г.) (с изм. и доп. от 21 сентября 1970 г., 20 декабря 1971 г., 1 января, 6 ноября 1990 г., 11 мая 1994 г.). Для Российской Федерации вступила в силу 5 мая 1998 г. (СЗ РФ. 1998. N 20. Ст. 2143; СПС «Гарант»).

13. См.: Братусь С.Н. Субъекты гражданского права. М, 1950. С. 200-201.

14. См.: Винницкий Д.В. Налоговая правосубъектность организации // Журнал российского права. 2001. N 10.

15. См.: постановление ФАС Восточно-Сибирского округа от 27 сентября 2005 г. по делу N А78-3383/05-С2-28/292-Ф02-4658/05-С1 // СПС «Гарант».

16. См.: постановление ФАС Московского округа от 11 января 2007 г. по делу N КА-А40/12724-06 // СПС «Гарант».

17. 53. Постановление ФАС Волго-Вятского округа от 24 ноября 2005 г. по делу N А79-1977/2005 // Там же.

18. Там же.

19. См.: постановления ФАС Волго-Вятского округа от 13 ноября 2006 г. по делу N А82-3480/2006-31; ФАС Восточно-Сибирского округа от 25 января 2005 г. по делу N А19-13346/04-27-Ф02-5912/04-С1; ФАС Московского округа от 10 августа 2006 г. по делу N КА-А40/7274-06 и др. // СПС «Гарант».

20. Вестн. ВАС РФ. 2003. N 3.

21. Там же. 2004. N 1.

22. Аналогичные полномочия имеют правоохранительные органы при возбуждении уголовного дела в отношении подозреваемого субъекта.

23. Постановление ФАС Уральского округа от 6 июня 2006 г. по делу N Ф09-4831/06-С1 // СПС «Гарант».

Размещено на Allbest.ru