Informatization and E-Government: the relationship in the world

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INFORMATIZATION AND E-GOVERNMENT: THE RELATIONSHIP IN THE WORLD

Sitnic Galina

Towards the end of the last millennium, much has been professed about the arrival of a post-industrial society (Bell 1977), where the increased diffusion of ICT is often highlighted. Technology has induced changes in the ways goods and services are produced and distributed (Al-Hawamdeh and Hart 2002), changes to culture (De Mul 1999) and the heightening of customers' expectations.

Work processes have correspondingly become more information and knowledge intensive, requiring a larger numbers of educated knowledge workers in such societies. With greater emphasis placed on information, the post-industrial society has variably been referred to as the `information society' or `information economy'. In this paper, information society will be the adopted term [1].

The introduction of ICT, e-commerce and e-business, or shortly digital economy has disturbed today's business and international trade environment in many ways: * Criteria of international competitiveness are currently being redefined at the level of individual companies and also at a national level; * Direct participation in E-economy has become an imperative in order to maintain and reinforce export results both for the country as a whole and for individual companies; * The effect of this E-economy will be felt in all activity sectors and companies in both developed countries and developing countries; * National export strategies which are conceived with this process are in need of redefinition; * A suitable national environment capable of facilitating the country's long-term integration into global e-economy must be established; * Development of broad range of required skills and expertise within business environments through public sector support, public/private partnership development, as well as through the various cooperation with educational and research institutions in the form of classical and e-enabled life-long learning. * The fast and varied development of ICT has widened the technological divide between developed and developing countries in the form of “digital divide” [2].

The development of information and communication technology in the second half of the twentieth century in crucial respects resembles the development of mechanics in the sixteenth and seventeenth century as it has been described by Dijksterhuis in his study The Mechanization of the World Picture (first published in 1950).

In both cases specific technological developments not only lead to important changes in the natural and human sciences, but also profoundly affect culture as a whole and eventually result in a fundamental change in worldview. In this article the author attempts to elucidate the present informatization of the worldview in a twofold way.

First, against the background of Dijksterhuis' analysis of the concept of mechane, a clarification is given of the concept of information, which has become central to many sciences in the last decades. It is argued that much of the confusion and misuse that surrounds the application of this concept can be reduced by making a careful distinction between the pragmatic, semantic and syntactic dimensions of information.

Second, on basis of this clarification, the author discusses the transformation from a mechanistic to an informationistic worldview. While the mechanistic worldview is characterized by the postulates of analysability, lawfulness and controllability, the informationistic worldview is characterized by the postulates of synthetizability, programmability and manipulability. It is argued that although the informationistic worldview in some respects (for instance in its mathematical orientation) is clearly a continuation of the mechanistic worldview, in other respects it fundamentally alters human experience and the evaluation of, and association with, reality [3].

State program “E-Ukraine” defines the strategic objectives of the National Informatization Program of socio-economic, scientific-technical and cultural development of the country, taking into account world achievements in the field of information and is aimed at addressing such critical issues general public as to ensure the development of education, science, culture, the environment and human health, governance and democratization of society, national security and defense, creating conditions for Ukraine's integration into the global information space.

In its main objectives and priorities of program identical program “E-Europe Plus”, implemented by the candidate countries for EU accession.

Application criteria for assessing the current state of the program “E-Europe Plus” in the program “Electronic Ukraine”, the state will compare its performance with the state of implementation of relevant national programs candidate countries and, if necessary, make appropriate adjustments to its objectives [4, c. 51-52].

A citizen-oriented strategy cannot be achieved by only putting processes on the Internet and launching the websites, although this is the first and essential step. E-government is far more than just websites.

E-government is about business transformation and may involve a government reform. To achieve a fully functional e-government which can perform all the interactions and transactions online, the system should evolve gradually while all required facilities are being prepared.

This results in a step-wise completion of the system. The stages of development start from publishing the information online to a website with full transactions between different departments of the government.

The stage-model outlines the available services and structural transformations of governments as they progress towards an electronically-enabled government. This progress may imply fundamental changes in the form of government. In this section, three e-government maturity models are described which some of them developed by individual researchers and other ones by institutions [5].

A. Silenko notes that traditionally, there are three levels of Electronic controls:

Electronic information to citizens by the state: government becoming more open to citizens. In electronic space appear documents which it adopts;

Electronic interaction of citizens and public authorities. It provides mechanisms for communication among citizens and government officials in the virtual space in real time, discussions and decisions proposed, clarification of certain issues. Referring to an e-mail with a reception, a citizen has an opportunity to get answers to their questions;

Electronic services for citizens by public authorities. It can be carried agencies specially empowered public authority, including commercially [6, p. 73-74].

According to the opinion of Nasser Saidi and Hala Yared an E-Government can be a meaningful and efficient instrument for tackling both traditional challenges - such as institutional reform, civil service reform and an efficient public sector - and more recent threats produced by the globalisation and new technologies in everyday life.

It has the potential to benefit all constituents: citizens, private sector and governments themselves. However, E- Government is not an end in itself, but a potent implement, a powerful helping hand for a large number of complex policy issues [7].

According to the article 10 of the Law “On Scientific and Technical Information” informational resources of the national system for scientific and technical information are a system of information and reference funds equipped with an appropriate indexing and search engine and necessary technical facilities for storage, processing and transmitting, which is owned, managed and used by the state bodies and scientific and technical information services, scientific and research libraries, commercial centers, enterprises, institutions and organizations [8].

Article 1 of the Law “On the National Informatization Program” provides definitions of terms used in it. For example, informatization is a set of interrelated organizational, legal, political, socioeconomic, scientific and research, and industrial processes aimed at creating conditions for satisfying the informational needs of the citizens and the society, based on creating, developing and using information systems, networks, resources and information technologies created on the basis of modern computation and communication devices [9].

Thus, we can conclude that the information resources are a multifaceted subject of legal regulation, which are of particular importance for the formation of a complete and effective public administration.

Moreover, the specific role of information resources in the implementation of government activities leads to his position as an object of state administration and the activities of legal entities on the use of state information resources - as an object of administrative and legal regulation.

B. Kormich considers that information is an extremely important factor in the overall state-building process and, above all, in representing and defending the interests of the state. Thus, a wide range of issues of organizational and legal functioning of the information field becomes important for theoretical and practical significance [10, p.3].

Advances in IT offer potentially beneficial effects on governance. For instance, the increased performance and availability at reduced cost of microelectronics, fiber optics, voice and video compression, fast-packet switching and high- density storage technology could be utilized to make public administration more efficient. Technology convergence due to digitalization, wide band transmission, compression technologies, and standards development lends support for the low cost provision of public services such as health care and education.

The pursuit of democratic governance could be fostered with a nation's access to a much greater diversity of communication sources and network designs. This is facilitated by the unbundling of communication functions and services due to the emergence of competing technologies, the dispersal of intelligence through diverse communication networks, the demands of large users, and the institution of competitive markets [11, p. 96].

Development of functioning governance of information technology implemented in order to improve life of the state and society.

Thus, it should also be noted that the administrative and legal regulation of the use of information resources has a number of unsolved problems such as the absence of detailed regulation of the possibility of providing an information resource for a fee. Considering the above, we consider it necessary to legislate the right to free government information resources in electronic form. Lack of control in the use of state information resources conditioned to the lack of administrative liability for unauthorized copying of documents, incorrect storage of the originals in state and municipal archives and libraries.

informatization administrative government legal

REFERENCES

1. Chan Calvin. An Informatization of Society Approach to e-Government: Analyzing Singapore's e-Government Effort / Calvin M.L. Chan, Yi Meng, Lau // Electronic resource: http://www.pacis-net.org/file/2005/228.pdf

2. Tatic Kasim. Informatization, entrepreneurship and internationalization: the business sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina / Kasim Tatic // Electronic resource: http:// www.fm-kp.si/zalozba/ISBN/961-6573-03-9/tatic.pdf

3. The informatization of the worldview // Electronic resource: http://www. tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/136911899359763?journalCode=rics20

4. Ситник Г.О. Загальні характеристики використання інформаційних технологій в державному управлінні (англійською мовою) / Г. О. Ситник // Юридична наука. - 2015. - № 8. - С. 50-54.

5. Сіленко А. «Електронна Україна» / А. Сіленко // Політичний менеджмент: Український науковий журнал. - 07/2003. - №3. - С.71-81.

6. Al-Mushayt Omar. Electronic-government in Saudi Arabia: a positive revolution in the peninsula / Omar S. Al-Mushayt, Kashiful Haq, Yusuf Perwej // Electronic resource: http://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1205/1205.3986.pdf

7. Nasser Saidi and Hala Yared. EGovernment: Technology for Good Governance, Development and Democracy in the MENA countries // Electronic resource: http:// www.mafhoum.com/press4/114E13.pdf

8. The Law of Ukraine “On Scientific and Technical Information” // Electronic resource: http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/laws/anot/en/3322-12

9. The Law of Ukraine “On the National Informatization Program”// Electronic resource: http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/anot/en/74/98-%D0%B2%D1%80

10. Кормич Б.А. Організаційно-правові основи політики інформаційної безпеки України [Текст]: автореф. дис.... д-ра юрид. наук: 12.00.07 Теорія управління, адміністративне право і процес, фінансове право. / Б.А. Кормич. - Х.: Б. в., 2004. - 42 с.

11. Robin Mansell and Uta Wehn (etc.), Knowledge Societies: Information Technology for Sustainable Development (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 96-97.

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