Partnership of the authority, business and community as a complex of the capacity of the unioned territorial communities
Analysis of the institution of partnership between government, business, community as a mechanism to the capacity of united territorial communities. Substantiation of the configuration of the capacity of the territorial community, its components.
| Рубрика | Государство и право |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 20.09.2020 |
| Размер файла | 31,2 K |
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Partnership of the authority, business and community as a complex of the capacity of the unioned territorial communities
I. Bovsunovskaya
Abstract
The purpose of this article is a theoretical and methodological analysis of the development of the institution of partnership of power, business and community as a mechanism for increasing the capacity of the united territorial communities to resolving of local issues.
The main conclusions and results of the research are used in the educational process in the development and teaching of normative and special courses «Economics and Governance» and «Decentralization and Development of Territorial Communities» at the Tavrida National V.I. Vernadsky University for the students of the Master's program «Public Management and Administration».
The concept of the capacity of the territorial community as an ability to perform the functions entrusted by the legislation directly to the community and local self-government authorities with regard to ensuring its life and development is defined. The configuration of the capacity of the territorial community has been substantiated, its components (internal and external capacity) have been clarified.
The functioning of the institution of partnership between the authorities, the private sector and the community is considered as an important part of the capacity of territorial communities to decide local issues. It is proved that strengthening the local economy, the competitiveness of the territories, increasing investment and improving the quality of life requires understanding of the processes of local economic development and taking strategic action in a changing, and increasingly competitive, market economy.
It has been determined that the role of the state as an important participant in partnership with local governments, with territorial communities and the private sector is becoming more and more significant.
The main results of this article can be applied by public authorities, local government authorities, research centers and institutes, and higher educational institutions.
Keywords: decentralization, territorial community, united territorial community, capacity, external and internal capacity, development, partnership, strategic planning.
Анотація
Здійснено теоретико-методологічний аналіз розвитку інституту партнерства влади, бізнесу та громади як механізму підвищення спроможності об'єднаних територіальних громад щодо вирішення питань місцевого значення.
Основні положення і результати дослідження застосовуються у навчальному процесі для розробки та викладання нормативних і спеціальних курсів «Економіка та врядування» та «Децентралізація та розвиток територіальних громад» у Таврійському національному університеті імені В. І. Вернадського для слухачів магістерської програми «Публічне управління та адміністрування».
Визначено поняття спроможності територіальної громади як здатності виконувати функції, покладені законодавством безпосередньо на громаду та на органи місцевого самоврядування щодо забезпечення її життєдіяльності та розвитку. Обґрунтовано конфігурацію спроможності територіальної громади, з'ясовано її складові (внутрішня та зовнішня спроможність). Розглянуто функціонування інституту партнерства влади, приватного сектору та громади як важливої складової спроможності територіальних громад вирішувати питання місцевого значення. Доведено, що зміцнення місцевої економіки, конкурентоспроможності територій, збільшення інвестицій та підвищення якості життя вимагає розуміння процесів місцевого економічного розвитку та вжиття стратегічних дій в умовах мінливої, та все більш конкурентоспроможної ринкової економіки.
Визначено, що роль держави як важливого стейкхолдера і учасника партнерства з органами місцевого самоврядування, з територіальними громадами та приватним сектором стає все більш суттєвою.
Основні положення статті можуть застосовувати органи державної влади та управління, органи місцевого самоврядування, науково-дослідні центри та інститути, вищі навчальні заклади.
Ключові слова: децентралізація, територіальна громада, об'єднана територіальна громада, спроможність, зовнішня та внутрішня спроможність, розвиток, партнерство, стратегічне планування.
Аннотация
Осуществлен теоретико-методологический анализ развития института партнерства власти, бизнеса и общества как механизма повышения способности объединенных территориальных общин по решению вопросов местного значения.
Основные положения и результаты исследования применяются в учебном процессе при разработке и преподавании нормативных и специальных курсов «Экономика и управление» и «Децентрализация и развитие территориальных сообществ» в Таврическом национальном университете имени В.И. Вернадского для слушателей магистерской программы «Публичное управление и администрирование».
Определено понятие способности территориальной общины решать вопросы местного значения как способность выполнять функции, возложенные законодательством непосредственно на сообщество и на органы местного самоуправления по обеспечению его жизнедеятельности и развития. Обоснована конфигурация способности территориальной общины, выяснено ее составляющие (внутренняя и внешняя способность).
Рассмотрено функционирование института партнерства власти, частного сектора и территориального сообщества как важной составляющей дееспособности территориальных общин решать вопросы местного значения. Доказано, что укрепление местной экономики, конкурентоспособности территорий, увеличение инвестиций и повышения качества жизни требует понимания процессов местного экономического развития и принятия стратегических действий в условиях меняющейся, и все более конкурентоспособной рыночной экономики.
Определено, что роль государства как важного стейкхолдера и участника партнерства с органами местного самоуправления, с территориальной общинами и бизнесом становится все более существенной.
Ключевые слова: децентрализация, территориальная община, объединенная территориальная община, дееспособность, внешняя и внутренняя дееспособность, развитие, партнерство, стратегическое планирование.
Problem statement and its connection with important scientific and practical tasks. The concept of the Reform of Local Self-Government and Territorial Organization of Government in Ukraine, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in April 2014, aims to strengthen the legal, organizational and material capacity of territorial communities, local authorities, as well as formation through the association of such territorial communities that would be capable of solving local issues independently or through local self-government authority. The solution to these issues should be in compliance with the principles and positions of the European Charter local self-government, according to which the very ability of local self-government authorities to manage the essential part of social rights in the interests of the local population within the limits of the law reveals the essence of local selfgovernment [3]. With the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On voluntary association of territorial communities» in Ukraine, the process of reforming local self-government was started by forming new - united territorial communities. However, as the 2015 experience shows, of the 159 newly formed communities that formed new bases for local budgets by 2016, only 34 were capable of financial self-sufficiency, while the remaining 125 remained subsidized, that is, they were not capable of solving local issues of their own. In 2018, 831 united territorial communities were created, of which a third remained incompetent in resolving local issues [3]. One of the main reasons for this situation is the fact that, based on the formation of most of the united communities, the desire of the inhabitants to ensure the livelihoods of their territories by themselves was above the capabilities of its own resource potential, which testifies to the existence of a problem of capacity building of territorial communities and actualization of its research. In recent years, the main concept that appears in almost all documents related to the decentralization and reform of local self-government is the capacity of the territorial communities.
Analysis of recent research and publications. Scientific publications devoted to the formation and functioning of the united territorial communities in the context of the reform of decentralization of public administration in Ukraine, for the period from 2014 to 2018, are still small. Various aspects of the analysis of this problem are presented in the work of the ideologist of the Ukrainian decentralization reform Tkachuk A. [9], scientists and practitioners, among them: Baranetsky T. [1], Boryslavskaya O. [2], Zaverukha I. [2], Zakharchenko E. [2], Kutsenko T. [5], Olshansky O. [6] and others. The strategy of the development of territorial communities, planning, financing and solving topical issues related to the decentralization of power and local selfgovernment are highlighted in the works of Zvieriakov M. [4], Kovalev A. [4], Smentina N. [4] and other researchers. Meanwhile, most of the publications related to this topic are mainly devoted to issues of financial support for the functioning of territorial communities (Storonianska I. and Pele - chaty A. [8] etc.). Issues of community legal capacity are also widely discussed. However, there are currently no comprehensive studies of the capacity of territorial communities in the context of scientific discourse.
Selection of previously unsolved parts of the general problem. The economy of separate administrative-territorial units of the country is an integral part of a single economic complex of the country and, at the same time, as an independent system, which has certain goals of its own development. Under conditions when the market economy is changing at a fairly rapid pace, territorial communities are forced to adapt constantly to changing conditions of the present in order to ensure economic growth, which is realized in increasing the welfare of the inhabitants of a certain territory. Strengthening the local economy, the competitiveness of the territories, increasing investment and improving the quality of life requires understanding of the processes of local economic development and taking strategic action in a changing, and increasingly competitive, market economy. Taking into account the competitive challenges of the new century and the positive experience of local development of the Western countries, planning for the future of local economic development should be based on the principles of publicity, dialogue and coordination of the interests of the three actors of the national economy - «power, business and community». This approach should be the basis for modernizing the country's economy. The process of
involving the government, non-governmental organizations, the territorial community, and business in order to create conditions for economic, social, environmental development and employment promotion, in fact, characterizes the category of local sustainable development. The study of partnership between public authorities, the private sector and the community as an important component of the capacity of the united territorial communities to solving local development issues is devoted to this article.
The aim of the study. The purpose of this article is to a theoretical and methodological analysis of the development of the institution of partnership of power, business and community as a mechanism for increasing the capacity of the united territorial communities to resolve local issues.
Description of the methodology for the study. The
results of the study were obtained through the application of the following methods: the dialectical method allowed to define the essence of the concepts of «capacity of a territorial community» and «partnership of power, business and community (public-private partnership)»; the methods of analysis and synthesis allowed to reveal the peculiarities of the development of the institution of partnership between the authorities, the private sector and the community as an important component of the capacity of the united territorial community.
Description of the methodology for the study. The results of the study were obtained through the application of the following methods: the dialectical method allowed to define the essence of the concept of «capacity of a territorial community» and «partnership of power, business and community (public-private partnership)»; the methods of analysis and synthesis allowed to reveal the peculiarities of the development of the institution of partnership between the authorities, the private sector and the community as an important component of the capacity of the united territorial community.
Presenting main material. As in other European countries, where the reform of the administrative - territorial entities has already been, the purpose of this reform in our country is:
• the creation of territories capable of development;
• providing high-quality public services;
• creation of conditions for personnel growth in local self-government.
The current reform of the administrative-territorial system has two principal conditions for its implementation:
1. the reform of the administrative-territorial system must take place through voluntary association of territorial communities;
2. new united territorial communities should be able to cappasity.
Capable territorial communities - territorial communities of villages (towns, cities) that, as a result of voluntary association, can independently or through appropriate local self-government authorities provide the appropriate level of service provision, in particular in the fields of education, culture, health care, social protection, housing-communal economy, taking into account personnel resources, financial support and infrastructure development of the corresponding administrative-territorial unit [10].
Thus, capacity of community means the ability to perform the functions entrusted by law to the community and local self-government authorities to ensure its livelihoods and development.
The internal capacity of the community includes the following components:
1) legal - as the ability of the community as a whole to use its rights to solve the issues of the functioning and development of the local community, as well as the ability of individuals to use legal instruments to resolve personal problems;
2) material and environmental - the capacity of utilities, the use of land and other natural resources, the state of the environment;
3) organizational - the optimal organizational structure of local government authorities in the community, the presence of a true leader and managers of the relevant qualifications;
4) economic-investment - business environment, investment attractiveness;
5) financial - the existence of stable sources of revenues to the local budget, sufficient to finance current and capital expenditures;
6) infrastructure - rroads, constructions, engineering communications (cables and power lines, gas, heat, water supply and drainage), transport network, communications, etc.;
7) humanitarian and social - network of educational, health, cultural, physical culture and sports institutions;
8) public - the level of participative democracy, mechanisms of public participation.
The external capacity of the community is characterized by the following components: 1) legislative - definition of the sphere of activity of local self-government authorities (local issues), distribution of powers in the system of public administration between public administration authorities and local self-government authorities, etc.; 2) political - efforts to consolidate society, the existence of political will of the authorities to strengthen the role of local selfgovernment in social development; 3) administrative - implementation of not only democratic decentralization, but also deconcentration in the system of public administration; 4) territorial - elimination of the disadvantages of the current territorial system, ensuring universality of local selfgovernment; 5) macroeconomic - the state of economic and social development of the country as a whole (GDP per capita, inflation, unemployment, etc.); 6) state-financial - balance of the state budget, mechanism of formation of inter-budgetary relations; 7) intermunicipal - the development of inter-municipal cooperation; 8) societal - a characteristic of society as a system with a complex network of groups and groups (social strata), which have different status and play a different role in the life of society, but are interconnected and interact in a holistic way (systemic development of society).
The distribution of powers is in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity. This is one of the main principles of decentralization, according to which authorities with the highest authority should be those closest to people and at the level of which tasks and services are the most effective and least cost-effective. The reform provides for the consolidation of the largest list of authorities by communities (villages, towns, cities) [Olshansky O., 2016: 4].
Local governments will receive the necessary human and financial resources and infrastructure capacity for proper implementation of their powers. Powers of the united territorial communities are: 1) community
development planning and budget formation; 2) management of land resources; 3) provide of housing and communal services (heat supply and sewage, waste management, maintenance of communal property objects); 4) organization of passenger transportation on the territory of the community; 5) fire protection; 6) management of schools and kindergartens; 7) maintenance and organization of work of cultural buildings, clubs, libraries, stadiums, sports grounds; 8) economic development, attraction of investments, development of entrepreneurship; 9) development of local infrastructure: maintenance and construction of roads, water, heat, gas supply and drainage, and landscaping; 10) the maintenance of streets and roads in the community; 11) public safety by the municipal police; 12) social services in communities; 13) administrative services through the centers of their granting in the communities; 14) primary medical care [Zvieriakov M., 2017: 26].
In addition, in the united territorial communities, residents must be provided with services provided by state authorities: 1) payment of subsidies, pensions, provide of privileges; 2) control of the sanitary and epizootic condition; 3) treasury service; 4) registration of acts of civil status.
Provide of authority requires significant financial, land, property and human resources. Among the main problems, or rather, the weaknesses of the associations of territorial communities, one should mention the following: the lack of free space for construction and agricultural production through the non-solution of land issues; low regressive level of economic development; lack of investment; wear and tear of communal engineering infrastructure; unsatisfactory state of the road transport network; inefficient management system of communal enterprises; outflow of labor resources; absence of establishments for organization of leisure and rest; total corruption and bureaucratization of power.
As to the threats to the environment that hinder the process of integration, the following should be noted: exacerbation and continuation of the military conflict in the East of Ukraine; the instability of the political situation in the state; instability of the national currency and inflation; increased distrust of state power; accelerating the economic development of competitive cities; monopolization of markets, lack of competition; man-made disasters; aging population.
Today, the heads of local self-government authorities, including newly appointed heads of voluntary united territorial communities are forced to independently solve the urgent current problems of socio-economic development of their subordinate communities. First of all, it deals with housing and communal services such as: water supply, heat, removal and disposal of solid household wastes, maintenance of houses and adjoining areas, as well as the modernization of the social services system - management of schools and kindergartens, organization of primary medical care, maintenance and organization of work of cultural buildings, clubs, libraries, stadiums, etc.
Taking into account the current condition (high physical and moral depreciation) of the absolute majority of capital funds, which can be conditionally attributed to the communal economy, its development requires multibillion investments, both in production and in non-productive assets. Taking into account the limited financial resources for development purposes at the central and local level, in today's conditions, the significant role of the restoration of the communal economy is given to the attraction of private investment. At the same time, taking into account the fragile macroeconomic stability and weakness of national institutions at the present stage, there is no question of a significant increase in foreign investment in the Ukrainian economy, including the communal economy. In this sense, the main financial resource for the development of territories is domestic private capital, the attraction of which is also associated with significant barriers, in particular, with the need to guarantee it's targeted and effective use.
Public-private partnerships (PPP) are among the formats that could help consolidate the efforts of the state, local self-government, private investor, and civil society to promote the economic recovery of territories in Ukraine.
In the narrow sense, it is proposed to identify public - private partnerships as a comprehensive institutional tool to ensure the optimum use of the existing potential of society through the consolidation of state resources, private capital and civil society. In the broad sense, public-private partnership is an integrated mechanism for interaction between public authorities and/or local self-government, private partner and civil society, based on pooling of resources and risk sharing, the purpose of which is to provide financing, creation and exploitation of socially significant objects on long-term basis.
This format of interaction gives the opportunity to combine the efforts of these entities to share assets in order to develop energy, transport infrastructure, water and wastewater infrastructure, and so on. Within the framework of cooperation in this format, improvement of the quality of services provided in the respective communities can take place. For its part, a private investor receives guarantees for the targeted use of investments through the possibility of direct participation in the management of the public - private partnership object on a long-term basis. The overall result of the joint efforts of the above-mentioned actors in the framework of public-private partnership at the local level may be the development of the communal economy, increase its capitalization, the expansion of local authorities' capacity to attract financing in the capital markets, and increase the competitiveness of the local economy to improve the quality of life of the population. As noted, the development of public-private partnership in Ukraine has considerable potential, but unfortunately, there are several significant obstacles to the development of this format of cooperation. First, an effective partnership of public authorities, businesses and the community is possible only with a high level of transparency, accountability and accountability of the public authorities, as well as public involvement in the audit of PPP projects. Secondly, it is important to create conditions for preventing the misuse of financial resources that are generated during the implementation of public-private partnership projects. Thirdly, objects that may be included in PPP projects on the ground, often operate in the national contour: incl. can be elements of a centralized system (for example, in the energy sector), depend on the decisions of the central regulators (for example, supply of water), etc.
As an instrument for realizing strategic and operational goals and objectives of balanced development of territorial social and economic systems, public-private partnership involves a combination of efforts on the one hand by the authorities (public sector of the economy) represented by authorities of state power and administration, local self-government authorities, on the other - private operators (business structures) in order to effectively solve the problem of limited budget resources at the local level to promote the activation of local economic and social about development.
The affiliate system of relations between the state and private operators will allow attracting additional investment resources, optimally allocating risks, responsibilities and rewards between partners. Building an effective system of such interactions within the framework of the PPP will promote the involvement of private investors in the process of activating local socio-economic development on the basis of mutually beneficial cooperation and social partnership. Given the maximum effectiveness of partner relations, the inflow of investments into the regions is intensified, which, in their turn, will ensure their socioeconomic and innovative development in the long run.
In Ukraine, the organizational and legal principles of interaction between public and private partners are defined in the main legislative act of the state - the Law of Ukraine «On Public-Private Partnership» [On Public-Private Partnership…, 2010]. The law indicates the main features of the PPP in Ukraine, identifies possible areas for its application. It is important that the Law creates a legal basis for the implementation of PPP projects in various legal forms, not limited to concession agreements or lease agreements. In general, in our opinion, the adoption of the Law is a significant step towards more effective use of regional infrastructure and attracting additional investment.
At the same time, it is not without weaknesses, in particular, there are no clearly defined mechanisms for the practical implementation of PPP projects (for example, stages of project implementation, requirements to the structure of the project, list of issues requiring mandatory agreement at the stage of project conclusion, and those that may arise during it implementation). It should also be noted that in addition to the Law, a number of Directives and Decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which regulate the organization of the implementation of the PPP, identify the risks of the partnership, evaluate them and determine the forms of management, and adopt an analysis of the effectiveness of the implementation of the PPP, has been adopted in the state.
Saying about the opportunities offered by the PPP to territorial communities in the context of decentralization, it is necessary to start with possible areas of such partnership. Due to the lack of information regarding this mechanism, heads of local governments formed the impression that the sphere of implementation of the PPP only concerns housing and communal services, and can not be implemented in education, medicine, etc. Instead, the scope of partnership between the state and business is much wider. In addition, it has been expanding even more recently. Both the forms of partnership themselves and their modifications develop. Formerly, for example, certain forms of partnership, in particular concessions, have been applied to the construction of motorways and to the provide of district heating services, today they have spread to such areas as education, some types of urban public transport. That is, projects that are implemented through PPP mechanisms are distributed from the sphere of infrastructure to the service sector.
In other words, the PPP forms the basis for the shared responsibility of the state, community and business for the development of those sectors of primary importance for the local economy, and the world practice of applying the mechanism of PPP is a confirmation, indicating a rather wide arsenal of possible areas of its application. For example, it concerns the implementation of infrastructure projects (construction of high-speed motor and railways, underground and airports, schools and hospitals, stadiums, construction of new and reconstruction of worn out urban transport systems and housing and communal services), humanitarian projects (improving the quality of education and health care), environmental protection projects (introduction of alternative and renewable energy technologies), projects in the field of agriculture (construction works oh, exploitation and management of irrigation projects, construction and exploitation of grain terminals, processing of agricultural waste), etc. [Zvieriakov M., 2017: 48].
For the first time in Ukraine, the private sector was involved in infrastructure projects in І998. Today, PPP projects are implemented in energy, transport, water supply and sewage sectors. The total amount of investment attracted by the PPP projects since 1990 amounts to 2112 million dollars. USA [Zvieriakov M., 2017: 56].
Therefore, it is necessary to apply the methodology of project management in attracting private partners to manage objects of state and communal ownership. Guided by the fact that the state should play a key role in initiating PPP projects to local self-government authorities, the main responsibility lies in this issue. At the same time, particular attention should be paid to the following aspects: assessment of alternative options (in particular, with and without a project); implementation of a transparent competitive selection of a private partner; public discussion of the essence of the project and its future results (including in order to create favorable conditions for the implementation of the project by the local community); compliance of the project with the General City Development Plan, other local and regional programs; providing access to services for socially vulnerable groups of the population; provide of social protection, including on the basis of regulating the size and terms of revision of tariffs for services; provide of certain quality parameters of services; observance of the provide of legislation, industry norms and standards; definition of roles of parties, division of functions and responsibilities; fair distribution of risks associated with project implementation; definition of terms of guarantees to a private operator; the opportunity to take into account in the project within the framework of the partnership changes in the environment, etc.
Consideration of these aspects should be realises by the local self-government authorities on a permanent basis. An assessment of the effectiveness of the public - private partnership project is important for a clearer view of the implications of PPP projects, both in terms of the interests of the public (the territorial community) and private entrepreneurs.
For local governments, representing the interests of territorial communities, the results of evaluating the social, social, environmental, budget and economic efficiency of the project are important. An assessment of social effectiveness can provide an answer to the question: How much is the realization of this project useful for a particular territorial community and region as a whole? Within this component, the overall benefits of implementing the PPP project for the community are determined.
The assessment of the social effectiveness of the project involves determining the level of impact of the PPP project on the socio-demographic processes, living standards of the population, the state of labor resources, the quality of labor potential, etc. The ecological component of the assessment should determine: the level of environmental impact of the project, the expected environmental and related social, economic and other consequences of the project.
The result of the assessment should be the conclusion whether the project is environmentally acceptable and in such a way as to ensure a stable environmental condition. The assessment of the budget effectiveness of the PPP project should be based on a comparison of budget revenues and payments. The assessment of the project's cost-effectiveness should be based on determining the impact of the project's implementation on the level of economic development in the region, the level of investment activity, innovation, trends of scientific and technological progress, without which progress is not possible and the further functioning of the economy. An important tool for activating the balanced development of territorial socioeconomic systems is their cooperation. Depending on which local government authorities are involved in such cooperation, it can take different forms.
The benefits of such cooperation are obvious: local authorities open the opportunity to combine resources to ensure balanced development, increase the well-being and quality of life of the population.
Conclusions and perspectives of further research. Thus, although the development of the territorial community is being implemented within the community and mainly by the community, along with other local stakeholders, the private sector and local authorities), but the role of public policy on community development is also significant. It connected since it addresses important tasks at each stage of this development, which consist in creating the appropriate organizational and legal preconditions, participation in the development of criteria for assessing both assets and final results, in the development and implementation of activities and involving citizens in participation in local affairs, including in community development, as well as in promoting the development of social capital of communities. Support of local self-government by the state and creation of conditions for sustainable and independent development of territorial communities in Ukraine is one of the most important tasks of the present day, which becomes double topical during the reform of the system of public authority.
Further research will focus on determining the place and role of the state in the development of the system of local self-government, the tasks of state policy towards the development of united territorial communities, further development of the state as an important partner of local self-government, business and territorial communities on the formation of better conditions for economic growth, jobs and quality of life for the public, the private sector and partners.
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http://dif.org.ua/article/detsentralizatsiyarezulbtativiklikiiperspektivi (Accessed 15 March 2017).
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5. Kutsenko, T.F. (2016), «Reform of the fiscal decent (ralization: focus on social outcomes», Modernization management of national economies materials IV International Scientific Conference, KNEU, Kyiv, Ukraine, 2526 Nov, pp. 246 - 252.
6. Ol'shans'kij O.V. (2016) Spromozhmst' gromad v aspekt teoretiko - prikladno'i' ^ent^ach' / O.V. Ol'shans'kij. - Teorja ta praktika derzhavnogo upravNnnja. - №4 (55). - 2016. - S. 1-6
7. S^ak S.V. (2015) Institutional development of a public-private partnership: theory, methodology, and mechanisms of state administration, Akademja mumcipal'nogo upravNnnja, Knv, Ukraine.
8. Storonyans'ka I.Z., Pelekhatyy A.O. (2014). Directions modernize financial security of local communities in the context of the tasks of the administrative-territorial reform. Finansy Ukrayiny - Finance of Ukraine, 10, pp. 97-108. [in Ukrainian].
9. Tkachuk A.F. (2013). Decentralization of power: from requirements to implementation. Instytut hromadyans'koho suspil'stva; TzOV in - formatsiyno-konsul'tatsiynyy tsentr «Lehal'nyy status», 116 p.
10. Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine (2015). On approval of methodologies capable of forming local communities. Resolution on 2015, Aprilr 08, 214. Retrieved from http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/214 - 2015-p.
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Список використаних джерел
1. Баранецький Т. Бюджети об'єднаних громад Львівщини: нові виклики та можливості: аналітичне дослідження [Електронний ресурс] / Т. Баранецький. - Режим доступу: http://www.dialog.lviv.ua
2. Бориславська О. Децентралізація публічної влади: досвід європейських країн та перспективи України / О. Бориславська, І. Заверу - ха, Е. Захарченко та ін. // Швейцарсько-український проект «Підтримка децентралізації в Україні - DESPRO. - К.: ТоВ «Софія». - 2012. - 128 с.
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4. Звєряков М. І. Стратегічне планування збалансованого розвитку територіальних соціально-економічних систем в умовах децентралізації: монографія / М. І. Звєряков, А. І. Ковальов, Н.В. Сментина. - Одеса: ОНЕУ, 2017. - 175 с.
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6. Ольшанський О.В. Спроможність громад в аспекті теоретико - прикладної ідентифікації / О.В. Ольшанський. // Теорія та практика державного управління. - №4 (55). - 2016. - С. 1-6
7. Сімак С.В. Інституційний розвиток публічно-приватного партнерства: теорія, методологія, механізми державного управління: Монографія / С.В. Сімак - Київ: АМУ, 2016. - 392 с.
8. Сторонянська І. З. Напрямки модернізації фінансового забезпечення розвитку територіальних громад у контексті завдань адміністративно-територіальної реформи / І. З. Сторонянська, А.О. Пелехатий // Фінанси України. - 2014. - №10. - С. 97-108.
9. Ткачук А.Ф. Децентралізація влади: від потреби до реалізації (робочий зошит) / А.Ф. Ткачук // Інститут громадянського суспільства; ТзОВ інформаційно-консультаційний центр «Легальний статус». - К., 2013. - 116 с.
10. Про затвердження Методики формування спроможних територіальних громад, Кабінет Міністрів України; Постанова, Методика від 08.04.2015 №214 [Електронний ресурс]. - Режим доступу: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/214-2015-п.
11. Про державно-приватне партнерство: Закон України від 1 липня 2010 р. №2404-VI [Електронний ресурс] // Верховна Рада України. - Режим доступу: http://zakon5.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2404-17.
12. Про добровільне об'єднання територіальних громад: Закон України від 05.02.2015 р. №157-VIII [Електронний ресурс]. - Режим доступу: http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/157-19.
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