Experience, Problems and Prospects of Practical Implementation of the Concept "Open Government" of the Russian Federation

In our opinion, it is necessary to pay special attention to analyze the possibility of fixing procedural aspects and quantitative parameters of the minimum mandatory degree of citizens involvement in the management and decision-making processes, the failure to comply with which will prevent from making these decisions. Quantitative proportions of involvement require separate research and analysis, but in our expert opinion, on the one hand, they should be proportional to the degree of importance of the accepted values, on the other hand they should be proportional to the degree of direct influence on social and personal interests and living conditions, work, leisure time activities of citizens.

Also in this context, the need of developing and implementing a system of additional motivation of citizens to monitor and respond productively to the government's initiatives such as the bills submitted for public discussion, etc., needs additional studies. And the possibility of introducing an individual personalized account of such social and civil activity, expressed in the assignment of individual indices, allowing to count the results of the reporting period for certain individual preferences of financial and non-financial nature on a competitive basis should also be studied. However, let us remind that under this study, we only believe that it is necessary to focus on solving this problem, and we identify some possible ways to its solution.

The experience of China is interesting, worth attention, separate analysis and productive borrowing. In 2014, China's State Council issued a document "Notice concerning Issuance of the Outline Planning for the Construction of a Social Credit System (2014- 2020)"Planning Outline for the Construction of a Social Credit System (20142020) URL: https://chi- nacopyhghtandmedia.wordpress.com/2014/06/14/planning-outline-for-the-construction-of-a-social- credit-system-2014-2020., which defines the plans of China concerning the construction of the system of social credit. This system is regarded as a basis for the construction and development of a modern harmonious society, a tool for overcoming social contradictions, stimulating mutual trust of all subjects, an essential condition for the strengthening and developing of innovative social management.

The idea of social credit rating in China is based on the successful experience of western countries, where an effective system of private credit ratings is being developed successfullyLARRY CATA BACKER China's Social Credit Initiative in a Global Context: Introduction and the Problem of Transparency. Law at the End of the Day URL: http://lcbackerblog.blogspot.com/2017/06/ the-problem-of-transparency.html.. It is aimed at estimating large business entities and even economies of different countries. China is also planning to make the objects of rating assessments of absolutely all subjects of social relations in the state on a compulsory basis, normalizing the levels of quantitative indicators of the rating, introducing complex mechanisms of remuneration and punishment for achieving certain levels of the rating values.

According to the authors opinion, the use of system elements of individual social credit ratings can allow Russia to make significant progress in solving the problem of low social motivation of inclusion in the processes of public discussion, decision-making, monitoring of their implementation and achievement of targets at all levels of public administration. In this context, social credit rating can be considered as an intangible asset of the subject of social relations. Just as firms today are seeking to promote and to prevent the loss of goodwill, social actors will receive a powerful and inexhaustible motivation to maximize socially justified and responsible behavior in absolutely all spheres of activity. E-democracy should be considered as an essential tool and institutional framework for the Open Government. The participation of citizens in collective decision-making within the framework of crowdsourcing has already been tested both in making important decisions of regional importance in large cities of Russia, and in the largest and successful companies and projects. Thus, the choice of the official Mascot of the 2018 FIFA world Cup in Russia can be considered a vivid and convincing example of the high efficiency of this tool. It allowed to attract all interested people on a competitive basis, first to develop the Mascot, and then to determine the winner. More than 1 million people took part in the Internet voting when choosing the talisman, and FIFA bought the copyrights for to the Wolf, named "Zabivka" from the author - a student of the Department of graphic design of Tomsk State University Ekaterina Bocharova just for $ 500A wolf named Zabivaka has been chosen the official Mascot of the 2018 FIFA world. URL: https://ru.fifa.com/worldcup/news/offiu^na.nbHbiM-TanncMaHOM-HeMnnoHaTa-Mnpa-no-ffiyT6o.ny-fifa- 2018tm-Bbi6paH-B-2845441; Zabivaka is the Mascot, the official talisman of the FIFA World's Cup. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/3a6MBaKa. .

Another striking example is the largest commercial Bank in Russia - PJSC "Sberbank". It has been using crowdsourcing to attract ideas for improving their products and developing promising projects since 2011. According to the information posted on a separate website created for this purpose http://www.sberbankidea.ru/, more than 100 000 people have already taken part in the Bank's crowdsourcing projectsSberbank Idea! - the platform for crowdsourcing and innovation management of Sberbank! URL: http://www.sberbankidea.ru..

According to the authors ` expert opinion, the expansion of crowdsourcing practice for the state within the implementation of the concept of e - democracy is also a way of saving on expert analytical research and control and audit activities, systematic work within the volunteering.

The positive social and economic effect of crowdsourcing is also associated with the fact that personal participation in certain projects that affect the public interest, significantly strengthens the personal civil sense of justice, creates a strong and stable internal motivation for a more responsible attitude to the product of all labor and related objects and processes. Public discussion of the federal laws will not only make them better, but it will also raise awareness of people about its purpose and meaning, and it will significantly increase the effectiveness of practical implementation.

Intensive work on the practical implementation of the Open Government concept has been carried out in the regions of Russia for several years. Thus, in St. Petersburg it was officially initiated by the adoption of the decree of the city government № 1108 "On the Introduction of Principles and Mechanisms of Open Government in the Activities of the Executive Authorities" on November 15, 2012Official website of Administration of Saint-Petersburg. URL: https://www.gov.spb.ru/law?d&nd= 822401410&nh=1 (accessed: 14June 2018). in the annexes to which the composition of the Executive Commission, headed by the Governor, was approved, and an extensive plan of practical measures to ensure the implementation of the principles and mechanisms of open government in the activities of the executive authorities of St. Petersburg was also approved. The above mentioned decree of the government is modified regularly on the basis of the achieved results and emerging challenges. The latest changes and additions to the Decree N 1108 were made on December 12, 2017, which confirms the relevance of further practical activities to develop the principles and mechanisms of the open government.

The activities of governments and administrations at all levels of government in the Russian Federation are directly or indirectly reflected in the budget of the relevant level of government. In this case, the concept of open government cannot be implemented without emphasizing open budgets at all levels. Unlike many others, including the above- mentioned processes, the open e-budget system is still at an early stage of development. Direct consideration of citizens preferences in planning income and expenditure, adjusting the priorities of budget policy, assessing the effectiveness of budget expenditures by direct recipients of public services or consumers of public and personal goods financed from the budget functions occasionally, fragmentally, or absent at all.

This situation is hardly fully consistent with the Concept of creation and development of an integrated information system of public Finance management "Electronic budget" The order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 20 June 2011 N 1275-p (ed. of 03.03.2017) "About the Concept of creation and development of the state integrated information system of management of public finances `Electronic budget". URL: http://www.consultant.ru/ document/cons_doc_LAW_117479/f62ee45faefd8e2a11d6d88941ac66824f848bc2 (accessed: 14 June 2018)., which implies, inter alia, "ensuring transparency, openness and accountability of the activities of public authorities and local authorities, as well as improving the quality of financial management of public administration sector organizations by forming a single information space".

Research Results

In our opinion the experience of building a model of Open Government, in general can be considered successful. The planned indicators of citizens' involvement in electronic public services are being implemented and exceeded. Considerable progress has been achieved in the development of technical and technological foundations of the Open Government infrastructure. Moreover, we can talk about the obvious signs of an emerging electronic system of state and municipal administration.

Some unresolved problems that constraint on the successful development of the concept of "Open Government" are: the absence of the concept of universal identification of citizens in the electronic environment in a legally significant form; the problem of digital inequality of citizens of the country, which has become the focus of attention of the President and Prime Minister; the rating of the functioning of elements of the electronic democracy system and the lack of real interest of citizens to participate in decision-making by public authorities through existing tools of the electronic digital environment; frequent narrowing the principles of the concept of "Open Government" up to the task of providing open data in practice.

The priority directions of the open government development in Russia should be the development and implementation of mechanisms that ensure the mandatory participation of a significant part of citizens in public discussion of issues that directly affect their interests, and decision-making, including the expansion of crowdsourcing.

Conclusions