Administrative responsibility for violation of in area of protection of natural environment and use of natural resources: approaches to understanding

Sanctions concept - a real application of an administrative and legal norm. The systematization - one of the basic scientific approaches to understanding of the administrative responsibility for violations in area of protection of natural environment.

Рубрика Государство и право
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Язык английский
Дата добавления 22.03.2021
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Administrative responsibility for violation of in area of protection of natural environment and use of natural resources: approaches to understanding

Horodetska L.А.

Horodetska L.А., Doctor of Science of Law, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Political Science, Law and Philosophy (Nizhyn Mykola Gogol State University)

The article presents the analysis and systematization of basic scientific approaches to understanding of the administrative responsibility for violations in area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources.

It was emphasized that the lack of a normative definition of the concept of “administrative responsibility” and its uniformly established interpretation in the doctrinal sources of administrative law has led to the establishment of a variety of scientific approaches to understanding of such responsibility for violations in area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources. It is determined that definitive analysis and consideration of the generic feature of the concept of “administrative responsibility” are utilized in order to separate the new and substantiate the existing concepts of administrative responsibility.

The analysis of the works of domestic scientists which are devoted to the problems of development and functioning of the Institute of administrative responsibility and providing the mechanism for counteracting misconduct gave grounds to highlight the main scientific approaches to understanding administrative responsibility for violations in area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources.

It is considered by scientists: first, within the limits of the “sanction concept”, that is, as a real application of an administrative law, in particular its sanction; second, within the concept of “responsibility - condemnation”, that is, as a specific state response to an (administrative) offense in the relevant field; third, in the objective (the concept of “responsibility - legal relationship”) and subjective (the concept of “responsibility - obligation”) values; fourth, as one of the leading means of administrative coercion.

A concept “administrative responsibility for violations of in area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources” is formulated.

Keywords: administrative responsibility, administrative violations, area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources, scientific approaches, concept.

Городецька І. А. Адміністративна відповідальність за правопорушення в галузі охорони навколишнього природного середовища та використання природних ресурсів: підходи до розуміння

Статтю присвячено аналізу та систематизації основних наукових підходів до розуміння адміністративної відповідальності за правопорушення в галузі охорони навколишнього природного середовища та використання природних ресурсів.

Наголошено на тому, що відсутність нормативного визначення поняття «адміністративна відповідальність» і єдиного усталеного його трактування у доктринальних джерелах з адміністративного права привела до розмаїття наукових підходів до розуміння такої відповідальності за правопорушення в галузі охорони навколишнього природного середовища та використання природних ресурсів. Визначено, що на виокремлення нових та обґрунтування наявних концепцій адміністративної відповідальності спрямовано, зокрема, дефініційний аналіз та врахування родової ознаки поняття «адміністративна відповідальність».

Аналіз праць вітчизняних науковців, присвячених проблематиці розвитку та функціонування інституту адміністративної відповідальності, а також забезпечення механізму протидії проступку, дав підстави виокремити основні наукові підходи до розуміння адміністративної відповідальності за правопорушення в галузі охорони навколишнього природного середовища та використання природних ресурсів. Вона розглядається вченими, по-перше, у межах «санкційної концепції», тобто як реальне застосування адміністративно-правової норми, зокрема її санкції; по-друге, в межах концепції «відповідальність - засудження», тобто як специфічне реагування держави на (адміністративне) правопорушення у відповідній галузі; по-третє, в об'єктивному (концепція «відповідальність - правовідносини») та суб'єктивному (концепція «відповідальність - обов'язок») значеннях; по-четверте, як один із провідних засобів адміністративного примусу.

Сформульовано поняття «адміністративна відповідальність за правопорушення в галузі охорони навколишнього природного середовища та використання природних ресурсів».

Ключові слова: адміністративна відповідальність, адміністративне правопорушення, галузь охорони навколишнього природного середовища та використання природних ресурсів, наукові підходи, концепція.

Introduction

The current state of development of public relations in the area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources, testifies to its crisis level and the existence of a number of problems that need immediate solution. The state, as the entity with the exclusive right to set compulsory rules of conduct which are provided by the force of state coercion, should play a key role in ensuring stability in the relevant field. One of the means of protecting public relations in the area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources is administrative responsibility, the need for improvement of which is due to an increase in the number of offenses and an inefficient mechanism for its implementation. Therefore, the need to address a wide range of theoretical and practical issues related to current trends in the development and functioning of the institution of administrative responsibility for offenses in this field is actualized.

Important contributions to the study of problems of administrative responsibility and providing a mechanism for counteracting misconduct were made by such well-known Ukrainian administrative scientists as V. Averyanov, O. Andriyko, O. Bandurka, I. Bezkluby, A. Berlach, N. Berlach, Y. Bytyak, I. Borodin, V. Galunko, I. Golosnichenko, S. Goncharuk, Y. Gridasov, Gritsenko, V. Zui, A. Ivanishchuk, R. Kalyuzhny, T. Kolomoets, V. Kolpakov, A. Komziuk, V. Krizhanovskaya, O. Kuzmenko, V. Kurylo, D. Lukyanets, O. Mykolenko, O. Ostapenko, S. Petkov, S. Stetsenko, O. Strelchenko, N. Khoroshchak, G. Tsyverenko, V. Shcherbyna, etc. administrative legal natural

Various aspects of administrative responsibility for offenses in the areas of nature management and environmental protection were investigated in the works of such specialists in the field of environmental law as G. Balyuk, V. Bredikhina, A. Hetman, I. Gyrenko, T. Ermolaeva, V. Kostytsky, M. Krasnova, O. Poghribny, A. Sokolova, Y. Shemshuchenko, V. Shekhovtsov, specialists in the field of administrative law - N. Bondarenko, N. Bondarchuk, V. Knysh, L. Kovalenko, V. Lazarenko, O. Lazor, Y. Legeza, O. Nimko, V. Oliynyk, O. Onishchuk, V. Petrenko, I. Petrova, K. Ryabets, O. Surilova, T. Sukhorebra, V. Turskaya, O. Ulyutina, K. Yashchuk and others. Without underestimation of the importance of the scientific developments carried out, we would like to emphasize that given problems are relevant and require further scientific exploration.

Task setting

The purpose of the article is systematization of the basic scientific approaches to understanding of the administrative responsibility for violations in the area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources on the basis of the analysis of the works of domestic scientists and formulation of the author's own vision of this definition.

Research results

In our previous studies, a comprehensive analysis of the numerous definitions of the category “administrative responsibility” which exist in the scientific and educational literature, the considerable number and substantive variety of which are predetermined on, including, the lack of normative definition of this concept, allowed to distinguish the main features (signs) of the latter, on which the attention of modern domestic scientists (S. Alfiorov, S. Vashchenko, M. Dolgopolova [1, p. 82], V. Galunko, V. Olefir, Y. Gridasov, A. Ivanishchuk, S. Koroed [2, p. 260], I. Golosnichenko [3, p. 430], G. Zabarny, P. Kalyuzhnyi, V. Shkarupa [4, p. 102], O. Zadikhaylo [5, p. 138], R. Zayatz [6, p. 19], M. Kovaliv [7, p. 42], V. Kolpakov, O. Kuzmenko [8, p. 252], Komziuk [9, p. 6], V. Kryzhanovskaya [10, p. 7, 10], S. Stetsenko [11, p. 221], O. Strelchenko [12, p. 333] and others) is concentrated. As a result, it was determined that in order to separate of new and substantiate the existing concepts of administrative responsibility [13, p. 224-225] the definitive analysis was conducted and the generic feature of the concept of “administrative responsibility” [14, p. 153-154] was taken into account.

It should be emphasized that the lack of a single well-established interpretation of the concept of “administrative responsibility” in doctrinal sources of administrative law has led to a variety of scientific approaches to understanding of such responsibility for violations of in area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources.

Most often it is considered by scientists within the limits of the “sanction concept”. Thus, some scholars indicate that administrative responsibility is one of the most common types of legal responsibility for environmental offenses, which involves the application of appropriate sanctions by administrative authorities for committing administrative offenses. Administrative responsibility for environmental offenses is understood as a form of social relations, the content of which is the application of measures of administrative action (penalties) for guilty and unlawful acts that violate the established order of use of natural resources, the environment, provision of environmental protection and environmental rights of citizens [15, p. 419]. V. Knysh considers that administrative responsibility in the field of environmental protection and rational use of nature is a type of legal responsibility, which provides for measures of administrative influence for unlawful and guilty acts that violate the established procedure for the use of natural resources and environmental protection [16, p. 69]. The most appropriate definition of the term “administrative responsibility in the fields of environmental protection and rational use of natural resources”, which can be enshrined in the legislation, according to K. Ryabets, is the following one: this is a type of legal responsibility, which provides for measures of administrative influence for unlawful and guilty acts violating the established procedure for the use of natural resources and environmental protection [17, p. 179]. V. Petrenko defines administrative responsibility for violation of the rules of fisheries and fisheries protection as adverse effects of property character provided by the legislation of Ukraine which occurs for individuals or legal entities for committing an administrative offense, the object of which is the established procedure of fisheries and fisheries protection [18, p. 88]. K. Yashchuk believes that administrative responsibility in the field of wildlife is the application, following the established procedure, of administrative coercive measures, which are contained in administrative and legal sanctions, by the state, in form of its competent authorities, to persons who have committed offenses against the protection, use and reproduction of objects of wildlife [19, p. 10, 13]. Representatives of the "sanction concept" are also N. Bondarenko and O. Nimko [20, p. 104, 109, 115]. Administrative responsibility, according to scientists, is a repressive type of legal responsibility and is associated with the use by authorized state bodies and officials of administrative penalties against entities guilty of administrative misconduct in the field of environmental protection and use of natural resources [20, p. 115]. Proponents of this approach view administrative responsibility as the actual application of an administrative rule, including its sanction. According to S. Petkov, within the concept of “responsibility - the application of sanctions” at the terminological level, sometimes happens the identification of administrative responsibility with the penalty [13, p. 224-225].

In another approach, administrative responsibility for violations of in area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources is viewed through the lens of the concept of “responsibility - condemnation”, that is, a specific state response to an (administrative) offense. In particular, O. Lazor, while exploring the administrative and legal principles of public administration in the field of implementation of environmental policy in Ukraine, defines administrative responsibility as a specific response to an offense, the content of which is the application by the authorized body or official of the penalty to the subject of offence [21, p. 160]. M. Slivka defines administrative responsibility in the field of environmental protection as a type of legal responsibility, which lies in application by administrative bodies or officials of administrative penalties in the form of certain adverse measures of a material or moral nature to violators of environmental laws [22, p. 163]. The supporter of this approach is also N. Bondarenko, who defines administrative responsibility for animal cruelty as compulsory, in accordance with the established procedure, the state response to an administrative offense [23, p. 4].

Representatives of the following approach consider administrative responsibility for violations of in area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources in an objective (concept of “responsibility - legal relationship”) and subjective (concept of “responsibility - obligation”) meanings. Thus, characterizing the administrative responsibility of legal entities in the field of environmental management I. Petrova comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to consider this concept in two ways: 1) in the objective meaning the relationship of administrative responsibility of legal entities are social relations between the bodies of administrative jurisdiction and legal entities on the occasion of committing by the latter of the unlawful acts indicated by the law and consist in applying to them the measures of administrative coercion provided by law; 2) in the subjective sense, it is considered as an appropriate obligation of the offender to suffer the corresponding loss of personal, property or organizational character as a result of the imposition of administrative penalty on the last by the competent administrative authority according to the applicable law [24]. L. Gbur for administrative responsibility for violations in the area of the use of water resources offers an understanding of the type of legal responsibility which is realized through specific legal relationships in which the competent authorities apply measures of administrative influence for illegal and guilty acts that violate the established procedure for the use of water resources and their protection [25, p. 201].

There is also an approach whereby administrative responsibility for offenses in the field of environmental protection and use of natural resources is considered as one of the leading means of administrative coercion (O. Onishchuk [26]).

Taking into account the current scientific approaches of domestic scientists to understanding of this issue, as well as extrapolating previously obtained theoretical ideas about the nature and main features of administrative responsibility on the subject area of this research [14, p. 153-157], by administrative responsibility for violations of in area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources we suggest to mean the state's response to administrative misconduct, which is manifested in the application by the authorized subject of the measures of state coercion - the provided by law administrative penalties (measures of influence) to the guilty person, as a result of which the latter is subject to restrictions of personal or property character [27, p. 358-359].

Conclusions

The analysis of the works of domestic scientists devoted to the problems of development and functioning of the institute of administrative responsibility and providing a mechanism for counteracting misconduct gave grounds to highlight the main scientific approaches to understanding of administrative responsibility for violations of in area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources. It is considered by scientists: firstly, within the limits of the “sanction concept”, i.e. as a real application of an administrative law, in particular its sanction; secondly, within the concept of “responsibility - condemnation”, that is, as a specific state response to an (administrative) offense in the relevant field; thirdly, in the objective (the concept of “responsibility - legal relationship”) and subjective (the concept of “responsibility - obligation”) meanings; fourthly, as one of the leading means of administrative coercion.

The diversity of scientific approaches to understanding of the administrative responsibility for violations in area of protection of natural environment and the use of natural resources is due to, first of all, the lack of a normative definition of the concept of “administrative responsibility” and a single, consistent interpretation of it in doctrinal administrative law sources.

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