Political Byzantinism in the Legal History of Franks

So at first, the Franks annexed the Kingdom of Soissons, afterwards they conquered the Visigothic Aquitaine. The overwhelming majority of the population, on 80 % of the territory, wereGallo-Romans. This social environment should be taken into account. Clovis tried to prove to the Gallo-Romans that he was “a man of their people” The imperial idea continued to live among the people: Shkarenkov P The Imperial Discourse “after” the Empire. P. 25-38.. Victories over AfraniusSyagrius and Alaric II constituted the backbone of the political capital of Clovis. There was nothing left for him but conquer Burgundy. In the battle with King Gundobad, Clovis once suffered a defeat (approximately in 500). In order not to repeat mistakes, Clovis decided to take control over Burgundy “diplomatically”. On the Burgundian, as well as on the Frankish territory, the vast majority of the inhabitants were Gallo-Romans. Being an Orthodox Christian, Clovis used the administrative machine of the Gallic church and the propaganda capabilities of the clergy. The fact that the Kingdom of Lyon fell under the pressure of the Franks in 534 was the result of the said propaganda policy.

In the 507-511, Theodoric's political success depended on the number of kinship, friendship, and diplomatic ties throughout Europe. Besides, Clovis made his way toward the establishment of political hegemony beyond any doubts. The creation of “LexSalica”, reproducing to a great extent the imperial legal documents, including the Code of Emperor Theodosius II (408-450) and the codification of Majorian (457-461), proves the correctness of this kind of reasoning Palmer J. T.Sinnstiftungen eines Rechtsbuchs: Die LexSalicaim Frankenreich // German History. 2017. Vol. 36, iss. 2. P. 271-272.. Clovis adopted Orthodox Christianity, established diplomatic contacts with Constantinople, published binding laws. Theodoric the Great, for example, issued his own Edict only in 512. It means that at some stage, there was a real threat of geopolitical dominance of the Franks. Nevertheless, this threat was interrupted by the death of Clovis on November 27, 511 Cregoirede Tours.Histoire des Francs, II. 43..

The Franks failed to achieve the Ostrogoths' level of centralization. Moreover, the support of the Franks by the Byzantines never turned into open opposition to Theodoric's ambitions. Based on, we suggest that the Tours ceremony was an advance received by Clovis from the Byzantine ambassadors in exchange for the strategic commitment of the Church of Constantinople. After all, the power of the Orthodox Franks over the Gallo- Romans attracted official Constantinople Patriarchate much more than the power of the Arian-Visigoths. Apparently, Anastasius I hoped that under the conditions of Frankish rule, the Byzantine clergy would receive direct access to the Gallic dioceses.

It is more likely that Clovis actually received the position of dux per Gallia from Anastasius I (491-518), having become the official Byzantine governor of Gaul and Francia after AfraniusSyagrius. In connection with this assumption, which is not intended to establish a fact, it is interesting to suppose that the title of Dux (governor) was later transformed into a “consul and Augustus” by misinterpretation of Gregory of Tours. In this case, the Tours ceremony became a formal act of subordination of the Franks to the supreme power of the Byzantine Emperor. At the very least, we believe that our assumption is more realistic than the claims of Clovis against imperial power imagined by individual historians.

In 511, Theodoric consolidated in his hands political power over the most part of the former Western Roman Empire. Theodoric ruled over Italy, Dalmatia, Sicily, Pannonia, Noricum, southern Gaul, entire Spain; controlled the Kingdoms of Carthage and Lyon (Vandals and Burgundians), as well as the chiefdoms of the Suevi, Thuringi and Bavars. Due to Theodoric's geopolitical talent, the Ostrogoths surrounded the regnum Francorum and gained access to the Amber Trade Road on the Baltic Sea (through the Thuringian- Saxon border). The following fact was very meaningful for the Western European in the 6^th century AD: the contradictions with Constantinople in 524-526 did not prevent The- odoric from repeating the following words to the heir and the entourage before his own death: “consider the Eastern Roman Emperor second after God” The Gothic History of Jordanes: in English Version with an Introduction and a Commentary by Charles Christopher Mierow. Merchantville (N. J.), 2006. Getica, 304..

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