Digital trace and their attributes evaluate for criminalistic

Digital records can catch hold of a picture, sound, different operating values and conditions, user's activities or the activities associated with automated processes and programs, what is more, they record the values given by exact measurements, data transmission and many more.

Unlike subjective workings of human memory, we are able to reproduce the above - mentioned records over and over again in the same quality and in front of no matter how large the group of impartial observers and experts is.

The problematic issue related to digital traces is theoretical and in some cases also practical possibility of falsification and of challenging the legal quality of traces. However, this possibility occurs within all types traces processed in criminalistic and forensic way.

This leads to a relatively unworkable criminalistic but especially judicial practice of their acceptance and thus of search and exploration. This precedent is also reflected in the current legislation, which remains on the findings of more than 20 years, with reference to "sufficient modification of computer traces". Current trends, however, show that up to 40 percent of offenses are somehow linked to the way of committing or confiscating, which can be investigated using the knowledge of digital footprint theory. Estimates suggest that this percentage will grow for the long term, probably up to 60-80%.

In practice, we are more often confronted with the prejudices of individuals, which result largely from the ignorance of the issue much more than the real reference to the real weaknesses of the communication and information categories. Many information and communication information and related technologies are classified and certified to the same level as no other technologies and technical means. Communication and information technologies contain a sufficient number of logged information mechanisms, so that while observing objectively defined investigative and investigative procedures and corresponding handling of acquired digital footprints, these are credible and undisputable proofs of the activities that took place on the scene or through this technology.

The biggest problem at present is identifying the person who created the digital trace. At the moment, similar mechanisms of individualization and linking between the trace and its object are sought, as is the case with some criminalistic methods investigating static reflection. But more perspective is the plane of reflection of dynamic features known from handwriting, spoken speech, photographic recordings, as well as from the field of trasology or mechanoscopy.

19. Storing and quality of digital traces is influenced by subjective factors

From the point of safety storing and quality of digital traces is directly proportional to international, national or institutional legislation, experience of system administration and it depends on institutional culture. Regular monitoring and audit of key transactions, providing storage backup and data archiving from important data sources to a special medium and their long-tern storage, play primary role (Gragusovd, E., Gregus, M., Krehel', O., 2013).

Thus, it plays routine monitoring and audit of key transactions, backing up and archiving data from important data sources (corporate IS, e-mail, etc.) to special media - ideal disk arrays and their long-term storage and protection. From these media, it is then possible to restore required data if required, which are no longer available in production systems. The frequency and frequency of procurement of backup or archive media, the way they are preserved to avoid their harm, the observance of institutional standards and rules, defined primarily in the security information policy and subsequently in the operating order of the ICT department of the institution, are decisive.

The other side of this feature is the above-mentioned still low acceptance and the resulting ignorance and inability to search, secure and pre-examine - to decide on digital objects whether they are digital traces or not, and what will actually be a digital trace. The current situation not only in Slovakia, when we directly banned subjects for work in the city of crime, and during the tours, digital trace and mostly their carriers are ensured for long time unbearable. The need for substantial skills upgrading is a success story in this area, and the future in this area is no different than changing the current access to search and trace processes, as we have said in this section on the characteristics of digital traces.

Conclusion

digital trace criminology

We are exposed to prejudices of individuals made on grounds of unfamiliarity with the subject matter rather that to relevant reference to actual weak spots of communication and information categories. Much information and communication information along with the corresponding equipment is classified and certificated in the safety manner at such level that is simply incomparable with any other technologies. Communication and information technologies contain a satisfactory quantity of the record information mechanisms, so on condition the examination and investigation procedures, objectively defined are observed along with the appropriate handling with collected digital traces, these technologies are reliable and unimpeachable evidence of activities which took place at the crime scene or by means of this technology. Basis for searching, ensuring and research of digital traces are knowledge about criminalistic and forensic concept digital traces. Situation in the field is year pro year worst. More and more traces are not ensured for acknowledge in this area. There are other scientific problem too. One of the main problem is the identification of the person responsible for a particular digital trace.

Only long term basic and applicable criminalistic and forensic research can help to improve the negative situation in the area of digital traces.

This contribution is the result of the project implementation: Centrum excelentnosti bezpecnostneho vyskumu kod ITMS: 26240120034 supported by the Research & Development Operational Program funded by the ERDF, task 3.3.

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