Cooperation between the police and the population as the way to ensure human rights and freedoms in civil society: a concept and methodology

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Cooperation between the police and the population as the way to ensure human rights and freedoms in civil society: a concept and methodology

Andrii Tanko,

PhD in Law, Postdoctoral Student at the Department of Organization of Educational and Scientific Training, Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to analyse the provisions of legal regulations and experience of the organization of cooperation between the police and the population aimed at ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, highlighting interaction forms in the system “police - people - community” widespread in Ukraine. Results. The article considers the key provisions of the concept of Community Policing as the basis for cooperation between the police and the population of Ukraine; reveals the importance of cooperation between the police and the population in the aspect of the consolidation of efforts of the State and the community to create favourable conditions for citizens to realize their rights and freedoms; covers mass forms of cooperation in the system “police - people - community” common in Ukraine. By relying on the analysis of normative documents and works of legal researchers, the legislative basis and administrative-legal public regulatory mechanisms for the police activities (public accountability) as a result and conditions of effective interaction of this state body with the community are highlighted. The importance of administrative and legal means that determine the powers of the police to interact with the population in the field of the rights and freedoms of citizens is described. The trend toward increasing the administrative responsibility of police officers to the police service recipients is explained. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of study results is that based on the modern achievements of Ukrainian and international legal science, first of all, administrative law, the study of the experience of cooperation between police bodies and the population in the field of rights and freedoms of citizens in Ukraine and countries of the world, the author carries out a comprehensive administrative study of the coverage of the essence and organization of widespread forms of cooperation between the police and the population; adds more insight to the problem of the place and role of the police in the protection of citizens' rights in the local community; examines the specific features of means of protection of citizens' rights to receive high-quality police services; proves the necessity of improvement of mass forms of organization of police work with the population in the context of ensuring human rights and freedoms.

Key words: human rights and freedoms, community, National Police bodies, widespread forms of interaction with the population.

СПІВПРАЦЯ ОРГАНІВ ПОЛІЦІЇ З НАСЕЛЕННЯМ ЯК ШЛЯХ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРАВ І СВОБОД ЛЮДИНИ В УМОВАХ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОГО СУСПІЛЬСТВА: КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ

Анотація. Мета дослідження полягає в аналізі положень законодавчих документів і досвіду організації співпраці органів поліції та населення, спрямованої на забезпечення прав і свобод громадян, а також висвітлення на цій основі поширених в Україні масових форм взаємодії в системі «поліція - людина - громада». Результати. У статті розглянуто ключові положення концепції police population cooperation protection law

Community Policing як основи співпраці поліції з населенням України. Розкрито значення взаємодії органів поліції з населенням в аспекті поєднання зусиль держави та громади для створення сприятливих умов для реалізації громадянами своїх прав і свобод. Висвітлено поширені в Україні масові форми взаємодії в системі «поліція - людина - громада». На основі аналізу нормативних документів та праць дослідників у галузі юридичної науки висвітлено законодавче підгрунтя й адміністративно-правові механізми громадського регулювання діяльності поліції (підзвітність громаді) як результату та умови ефективної взаємодії цього державного органу з громадою. Охарактеризовано значення адміністративно-правових засобів, які визначають повноваження поліції щодо взаємодії з населенням у сфері захисту прав і свобод громадян. Пояснено тенденцію щодо зростання адміністративної відповідальності працівників поліції перед отримувачами поліцейських послуг. Висновки. Наукова новизна результатів репрезентованого у статті дослідження полягає в тому, що на основі сучасних досягнень української й міжнародної правової науки, насамперед адміністративного права, та на підставі вивчення накопиченого в Україні і країнах світу досвіду співпраці органів поліції з населенням у сфері реалізації прав і свобод громадян здійснено комплексне дослідження в галузі адміністративного права щодо висвітлення суті й упорядкування масових форм співпраці поліції з населенням. Також поглиблено розуміння місця й ролі поліції у справі захисту прав громадян у місцевій громаді, вивчено специфіку засобів захисту прав громадян на отримання якісних поліцейських послуг. Доведено необхідність удосконалення масових форм організації роботи поліції з населенням у справі забезпечення прав і свобод людини.

Ключові слова: права і свободи людини, громада, органи Національної поліції, масові форми взаємодії з населенням.

Introduction

The need to promote the implementation of the leading provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, according to which human rights and freedoms and their guarantees determine the content and direction of the state policy development, requires all official institutions, first of all, law enforcement bodies, to effectively restructure their activities on the basis of legality and law and order, the rule of law and equal access of all citizens to their rights and freedoms in society.

Democratic trends in the country's development, consistent use of the world standards for human rights protection, and Ukraine's intention to become a full-fledged participant of the world legal community actualizes the issue of finding new forms of cooperation between law enforcement bodies of the state and the population, the introduction of which becomes particularly relevant amidst the elaboration of a new model of police activities in Ukraine that tend to European democratic analogues.

According to foreign scientists, the idea that community residents are key players responsible for the welfare of entire society is a cornerstone of building new approaches to modern police activities in democratic societies, where people actively cooperate with the police to support public order (Nalla, Me ko, Modic, 2018, pp. 271-272). Thus, in Ukraine, despite the fact that the legal protection is implemented by the public authorities specially created for the protection of human rights and freedoms, among which the leading one is the National Police, now public administrations and territorial communities, public organizations, individual citizens are also full actors working in close cooperation with law enforcement agencies locally.

Research trends of improvement of relations in the system “police - community - people” in the countries of the world are in active progress now. Forinstance,MaryFernT.MaloneandLucia Dammert emphasize that “community-oriented policing” is usually more popular, although detailed studies of its effectiveness remain under discussion (Malone, Dammert, 2020). Indeed, such an approach to the development of police activities is based on deep study of local conditions, consideration of the mentality of the population, and therefore, is too variable to borrow it in a pure form from the practice of one state to another. Thus, the issue of building optimal strategies of police interaction with the population arises as one of the acute research problems, which is worth a deep study both in the context of the analysis of world practices and the introduction of the new concept of lawenforcement in Ukraine.

It should be emphasized that the new practice of interaction of police officers with the community has been gradually forming in Ukraine since the approval of the Law of Ukraine “OntheNationalPolice” (OntheNationalPolice, 2015) stating that the main goal of the police is to ensure human rights and freedoms, protect the interests of society and the state, combat crime and support the national security of Ukraine. Article 5 of the Law determines that the police cooperate not only with the official bodies of law and order and other public authorities but also with local self-government bodies. Article 11 of the Law refers to interaction with the population on the basis of partnership, highlights the necessity to direct police activities towards the real needs of people, taking into account the specifics of the region and problems of territorial communities, raise the level of trust of the population as the key criterion of assessment of the effectiveness of police bodies (On the National Police, 2015). The Law outlines ways and mechanisms of cooperation between the police and the community which, given the mentioned innovative approach, requires further elaboration and development of ways and mechanisms of implementing into practice of the National Police of Ukraine.

In the light of the above, it is relevant to consider the police and the community as a powerful cluster of ensuring human rights in Ukraine, to study comprehensively and develop mass forms of such interaction, which keep significant educational impact on the consciousness and conduct of the population, positive change of priorities and conditions in the regions in terms of human rights and freedoms, reduction of cases of illegal conduct in the public, growth of the level of legal consciousness of the population, etc.

Analysis of recent research and publications

The issue of rights and freedoms of citizens and ensuring their implementation in the performance of the National Police are under focus of the works by V. Averianov, O. Bandurka, D. Bakhrakh, O. Bezpalova, E. Bezsmertnyi, Ye. Bytiak, A. Vasyliev, I. Holosnichenko, S. Honcharuk, E. Dodin, M. Yeropkin, V. Zakharov, V. Zui, L. Koval, O. Ostapenko, I. Pakhomov, V. Petkov, O. Serohin, Y. Shemshuchenko, V. Shkarupa et al.

The need to update the main approaches and forms of law enforcement in the field of human rights and freedoms, in particular, based on strengthening interaction with man and community, is studied by many authors (V. Harashchuk, M. Hurkovskyi, S. Husarov, O. Dzhafarova, Z. Kisil, I. Kyrychenko, A. Klochko, O. Kliuiev, V. Kolpakov, A. Komziuk, M. Kornienko, V. Olefir, V. Oluiko, V. Ortynskyi, V. Ryzhykh, A. Rumiantseva- Kozovnyk, O. Sokolenko, A. Starodubtsev, I. Surai, S. Shatrava et al.), who emphasize the need to revise the existing view on the methodology of professional communication between law enforcement and the community.

Nowadays, the interaction of the police with the community and citizens is also one ofthe most relevant and interesting areas of research, developed by O. Balynska, R. Blahuta, Humeniuk, I. Kazanchuk, V. Kovalenko, Z. Kovalchuk, O. Kovbych, S. Komissarov et al.

The comprehensive literature review confirms that the problem under study remains inexhaustible amid ongoing reform of the activities of law-enforcement bodies of Ukraine, approximation of their activities to European requirements, search for new effective forms of cooperation with the community and an individual.

The purpose and tasks of the research

The purpose of the study is to analyse the provisions of legislative documents and experience of the organization of cooperation between the police and the population aimed at ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, highlighting mass forms of interaction in the system “police - people - community”.

In view of the above, the tasks of the article are as follows:

- to highlight the key provisions of the Community Policing concept as the basis for cooperation between the police and the population of Ukraine;

- to reveal the importance of cooperation between the police and the population in order to create conditions in society and the community that contribute to the realization of citizens' rights and freedoms;

- to cover the legislative framework and administrative and legal regulatory public mechanisms for the police (public accountability) as a result and conditions of effective interaction of this State body with the community;

- to clarify the importance of administrative and legal means, which determine the powers of the police in the field of protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, to explain the trend of increase of administrative responsibility of police officers to the recipients of police services;

- to analyse mass forms of cooperation between the police and the population in order to increase the level of optimization of the police activities with regard to the protection of public order and ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens.

The scientific novelty of the research is that based on the modern achievements of Ukrainian and international legal science, first of all, administrative law, the study of the experience of cooperation between police bodies and the population in the field of rights and freedoms of citizens in Ukraine and countries of the world, the author carries out a comprehensive administrative study of the coverage of the essence and organization of widespread forms of cooperation between the police and the population; adds more insight to the problem of the place and role of the police in the protection of citizens' rights in the local community; examines the specific features of means of protection of citizens' rights to receive high-quality police services; proves the necessity of improvement of mass forms of organization of police work with the population in the context of ensuring human rights and freedoms.

Basic material statement

The position of Ukraine as the rule-of-law state stipulates that the recognition and consolidation of each human right (or group of homogeneous rights) must be accompanied by the establishment of all elements of the legal mechanism of their provision: legal procedures of realization, legal means of defence and protection (Ulianov, 2002, pp. 9-10). In other words, the state, which recognizes itself as the rule-of-law state, should take care not only of the statutory consolidation of the legal framework for the protection of human rights and freedoms but also of the development of concrete effective mechanisms for the protection of citizens' rights, forms and means of interaction of state law enforcement bodies with local administrations, community, individual citizens for joint support of public order.

One of the important ways of establishing a real law order in the country, based on the consideration of the needs of the population in legal protection, is the orientation of the activities of police bodies on close cooperation with local communities and citizens (Community Policing). Community Policing is a modern comprehensive social and legal phenomenon, a concept that indicates the principles of partnership between the police and the population, moreover free translation from English can be interpreted as the police friendly (congenial) to the community. Sometimes this term is interpreted as a democratic or popular police, which, in our opinion, reflects its meaning somewhat blurry. Thus, it should be noted that foreign scientific contributions reveal democratic police as a multidimensional, multilevel and discussion concept based on political ideology (Malone, Dammert, 2020), which requires certain clarifications. According to our opinion, the essence of the Community Policing concept is that the police base their work, first of all, focusing on the needs of the community to establish public order and improve security in the microsociety at the place of residence of citizens, taking into account the opinion of specific people who are actually consumers of legal services.

It is essential to emphasize that the strategy of police cooperation with the community is not an autonomous program of actions or an individual police initiative. As a leading methodological approach to organization of activities of territorial police units, Community Policing involves constant communication of territorial police bodies with the population and local authorities with the purpose of creation of general safe space within the region (Site of the Institute of Peace and Understanding, 2020). It is a common holistic approach to the daily work of local police bodies, a principle and a guideline for the development of human rights and freedoms activities, which consists in the concentration of police on the interests of local residents - specific police service recipients, priority of their opinion on issues of public order organization in a particular region, city, village.

In Europe, the path to building democratic relations between the police and citizens was long and gradual, while Ukraine, which established a democratic regime and assumed legal international responsibilities, should recreate this path in a few decades. Domestic law-enforcement bodies, whose activities are still marked by the totalitarian past and recent history of participation in resolving internal conflicts, eliminating civil disorderly conduct, and establishing democracy have taken a central role in combating crime and maintaining a high level of human rights and freedoms, that is the current policy issue in all regions of Ukraine. This context of Ukraine's democratic transition to a new model of law-enforcement activities based on the priority of ensuring human rights and freedoms cannot fail to face significant legal and practical disputes and public challenges, as it provides for the search for an answer to radical questions: how to fundamentally change, democratize the police, influence the attitude of society to this law-enforcement body? How can the new police build new relations with the community?

Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”

Applying a formal and legal method that ensures proper interpretation and appropriate comment to the norms governing the process of establishing relations between the police and the community, first of all in the field of ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, we refer to the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”. The Law states the main priorities of police cooperation with the population: the activities of police is carried out in close cooperation and interaction with the population, territorial communities and public associations on the basis of partnership and is aimed at meeting their needs; planning and organization of the service activities of police bodies and departments take into account the specifics of the region and the problems of territorial communities (On the National Police, 2015). It should be underlined that among the provisions of the Law the most important in the field of ensuring human rights and freedoms is the fact that the level of confidence of the population in the police becomes the criterion for assessing the effectiveness of the police (art. 11) (On the National Police, 2015). It should be noted that the last provision is interpreted in administrative-legal and public discourse as the accountability of the National Police to the public.

The new democratic approach to planning and determining the effectiveness of the police performance, prescribed by the legislation of our country, determines its accountability to a number of structures at different levels of control, which, according to foreign scientists Christopher E. Stone and Heather H. Ward, distinguishes democratic police from police governed by other regimes. The advantage of this approach to administrative and legal regulation of law enforcement bodies, according to the researchers, is that they do not have a single accountability structure, rather, decentralized structures operate at the internal, State and social levels. As a rule, these structures assess the degree of police responsibility for providing public safety or police conduct; better coordination and stronger linkages of these structures assure more robust and effective accountability of the police and coordinated work in the community (Stone, Ward, 2000, pp. 11-12).

The real functioning of the public regulatory mechanisms for the police performance (public accountability) ensures the maintenance of legality and law order, as it is based on the establishment of feedback directly from the recipients of police services, listening to their opinion, taking into account the needs, implementing ideas and projects created directly in the community.

In this regard, it is important to emphasize the need to develop administrative and legal means that clearly regulate and limit the powers of the police to ensure the rights and freedoms of citizens, increase the administrative responsibility of police officers to police service recipients.

According to O. Ulianov, the process of ensuring human rights and freedoms is effective only when they are combined with means of protection, i. e. legal instruments of renewal, “restoration” of violated rights and bringing to justice the persons guilty of these violations. The domestic scientist argues that without such “equipment” law enforcement means in many cases do not work and do not reach their goal. That is why it is a duty of the state to ensure that on the one hand, these specific means are effective, on the other hand, they should not affect the rights and interests of citizens. Accordingly, the concept of administrative reform has originally provided for that the executive authority, realizing the purpose of a democratic, social legal state, creates proper conditions for the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens, and also provides them with a wide range of public, including administrative, services (Ulianov, 2002, pp. 9-10).

Today, the actual practice of the National Police represents a significant diversity of different, first of all, mass forms of cooperation between the police and the population, which provides for improvement of optimization of the police activities in the protection of public order and ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens.

Scientific sources mark that a wide range of forms of cooperation between the police and the community and citizens in the field of human rights and freedoms depends on the number of tasks and areas of activities of this service (Hurkovskyi, Yesimov, 2016, pp. 173-174). In view of this, the author states that the forms of police activities are very different. However, according to the national scientist A. Rumiantseva-Kozovnyk, forms of police activities are characterized by a clear regularity and unity of the administrative and legal regulatory mechanism, since the activities of these bodies concerning human rights tasks are within the limits of only those forms, which are established by the law (Rumiantseva- Kozovnyk, 2014, pp. 117-118).

The main principles concerning the choice of forms of interaction between police officers and the community are outlined in the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”. For example, article 89 contains legislative provisions for the creation and implementation of such a form of police work as joint public relations projects. In particular, it is noted that the police interact with the public through the preparation and implementation of joint projects, programs and measures in three areas: to meet the needs of the population and improve the effectiveness of implementation of tasks by the police;to identify and resolve problems related to police activities and promote the use of modern methods to increase efficiency and effectiveness of such activities; to support programs of legal education, to promote legal knowledge in educational institutions, mass media and publishing activities (On the National Police, 2015).

It should be noted that international, Ukrain- ian and regional projects on increase of the level of protection of human rights and freedoms have a significant influence on the choice of forms of cooperation with the population by law enforcement officers. For instance, among such legal novels, there are well-known international law enforcement programs for police interaction with the population (“Neighbourhood watch”, “Stop an offender”, “Public patrol”, “Administrative Assistance”, “Cold cases teams”, “Assistance to victims of offenses”, etc.).

Some of these projects have already gained public interest in the regions of Ukraine. Forms of police interaction with the population, provided by the “neighbourhood watch” program, ensure active participation of the unified residents of separate houses or territories, which in cooperation with police representatives and other public authorities and local government promote the improvement of common security and are engaged in prevention of crime and vandalism within the limits of a specific territory (Ring Neighbours Community Guidelines, n.d.). Such activities, which provide for both indirect preventive forms of work with the population (spreading of the visibility, explanations and warnings for possible offenders, etc.), and direct cooperation with public activists, is successfully implemented in different cities of Ukraine (Vinnytsia, Kremenchuk, Lutsk, Rivne, Sumy, Khmelnytskyi, Chernivtsi, etc.). In the aspect of administrative and legal regulatory framework for police activities, additional forms of work by the National Police are realized, e.g., conferences, seminars, round tables, workshops, etc.

Information and educational work is the Internet and media

An important form of cooperation with the community is information and educational work on the Internet and media. The analysis of these information resources shows that today mass forms of work with the population are quite diverse and popular. For example, the Information Portal of the Sumy City Administration (Interaction between the police and the community, 2016) conveys mass forms and regional initiatives carried out in 2019-2020 in the context of the cooperation of police bodies with the population, city authorities, heads of condominium and representatives of public organizations, namely:

- round table for the police and community on the topic “Neighbourhood Watch”;

- “Lesson of tolerance: Disability and society” was realized for patrol police officers;

- public counselling with the participation of representatives of city authorities, patrol police, utility companies, public organizations, active citizens and mass media to increase pedestrian safety;

- functional training under the Community Policing program for police officers of tactical and operational response;

- meeting of schoolchildren with employees of patrol police within the framework of the “POLiS” project (Police and Society);

- the legal quiz “Constitution - Your Rights and Duties”, which provided for joint street work of patrol police officers and local social workers to inform the population about human rights and duties, as well as the need to address to the relevant institutions in case of violation of constitutional rights.

Such events, which are inexhaustible, are held in all regions of Ukraine, taking into account regional specificity and needs of local population.

It is obvious that such mass forms of police work with the population, as well as the wide publication of their results, contribute to establishing trust between the police and the community, gaining respect by law enforcement officers and recognition by the police service recipients, forming a positive image of the National Police in society.

Today, the key issue is the organization of the whole variety of existing forms of interaction between police bodies and the community. In science, different, though not deprived of unity, perspectives on classification of forms of activities of the National Police as a whole exist. For example, depending on the purpose of such activities, they are law applying, organizational, educational, law-enforcement forms of activities of the police concerning human and citizen rights and freedoms (Hurkovskyi, Yesimov, 2016, pp. 173-174). According to the nature of the activities, the forms of the police work on administrative and legal provision of public security is grouped into: forms of participation in the formation of state policy in the field of public security and order; forms of preventive activities; forms of proceedings in cases of administrative offenses; forms of protection activities; forms of control activities (Batrachenko, 2016, pp. 7-9).

For practical realization of cooperation between the police andsocietyon the basis of partnership, domestic researchers I. Kravchenko, B. Lohvynenko suggest the following review of promising forms:

- “Public Asset” is a complex form of educational work of employees of territorial police units, which includes educational trainings on human rights and freedoms for activists-representatives of condominium, multi-apartment buildings, settlements, villages, districts, and their further meetings with residents, distribution of handouts on personal and neighbouring security;

- “Announcements” - dissemination by police officers of expanded information on meetings between the police and local residents on prevention of theft, drug use, juvenile offenses, etc.;

- “Presentations” - distribution of visual materials on acute social topics and police activities in public places by public activists;

- “Volunteers-registrars” - engagement of public activists to the primary reception of citizens in territorial units of police;

- “Joint patrols” - joint police patrol together with citizens on the territory of service;

- “Reporting support” - public activists assistance in preparation and holding of public discussions (rural meetings, reports on police activities);

- “Driver courses” - short-term courses for car owners' activists to organize patrols in remote areas and provide timely reporting of violations;

- “Messenger” - use of telecommunication services to exchange instant messages with the police;

- “Interaction with the leaders of the ATC” - cooperation for equipping local police stations, advisory units for citizens;

- “Public eye” - short-term courses for public assets to organize public security surveillance;

- “School police officer” - nmeasures in educational institutions to prevent offences by minors;

- “Pensioner” - lectures and courses for older people on prevention of basic methods of frauds (Lohvynenko, Kravchenko, 2018, pp. 14-15).

In the author's opinion, the above classification corresponds better to the issues raised. Moreover, in the aspect of the study of forms of interaction of the police with the community, consideration of a target group as a systemic component, which is covered by one or another form of work, is the most productive, although not irrefutable, given the complexity, complication and multi-object nature of most forms. Keeping in mind this fact, the author suggests a more generalized classification of mass forms of interaction between the National Police and the community: forms of organizational and functional interaction with local authorities; forms of preparation of volunteer community and active citizens; forms of work at the place of residence of citizens; mass forms of educational work with the population; forms of communicative and organizational training of police officers etc. It should be noted that this list shouldn't be regarded as exhaustive, because the relevant direction of police work is extremely productive and constantly developing.

The author also supports the grouping of forms of interaction between police officers and the community according to the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” (On the National Police, 2015) that outlines the areas of joint projects, programs and measures with the public: forms aimed at satisfying the needs of the population; forms of public control over police activities; forms of legal education, the dissemination of legal knowledge in educational institutions, mass media and publishing activities.

Analysing the diversity of the forms of police work with the population in the field of law enforcement activities with regard to human rights and freedoms , the author argues that the mass events that have been thoroughly prepared and masterfully conducted are an effective form of educational work, the application of which contributes to the creation and popularization of the partnership perspective on police work in the community, formation of the community's positive attitude to the police activities, development of intention to increase legal knowledge, to obtain practical skills on their application in professional and everyday situations in the microenvironment.

Covering the organizational and methodological aspect of the police performance, the author states that the effectiveness of the mass event is achieved by adherence to an algorithm of its joint preparation in the community, which provides: definition of the purpose of the event, considering the needs of the population in legal protection and a promising creative preparation of the mass event in accordance with these needs; clarification of the form of the mass event (training, quest, quiz, lecture, course, festival, exhibition, action, flash-mob, show of forum-theatre, etc.); coordination of the topic, form and plan of the event with the local administration and all public actors involved in the event; creation of a scenario, which engages necessarily public activists; selection of resources for the event, one of which is maximum involvement of volunteers in preparation and holding of the event. Thus, representatives of the community can be involved not only in carrying out of measures, but also in their planning and preparation, which allows to immerse them in the atmosphere of work of the police, to join in law-enforcement issues, to strengthen their motivation to civil activities in ensuring human rights and freedoms in the local community.

Community Policing

Summing up the results of the study of spreading mass forms of cooperation with the population in the context of ensuring human rights and freedoms in the civil society, the author emphasizes that these forms provide the most effective cluster interaction in the system “police - people - community”. This interaction shapes the ground of the modern concept of police performance restructuring, that is, Community Policing as the basis for police cooperation with the population of Ukraine.

Community Policing is a general holistic approach to the daily work of local police bodies based on systematic interaction of territorial police bodies with the population and local authorities to create a safe space for life, to focus police activities on community needs, to focus police on the interests of police service recipients, priorities of their opinion on issues of organization of public order in a particular region, city, village.

Cooperation of police bodies with the population is a significant factor in creation of conditions in society and the community, which contribute to the rights and freedoms of citizens, increase efficiency and effectiveness of police activities. An important principle of such work is the existence of public regulatory mechanism for the police performance (public accountability), which today has a fixed legislative basis and develops in the direction of practical development of effective administrative and legal mechanisms of accountability of the police to the public, which clearly identifies the police powers in the field of protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, ensures an increase of administrative responsibility of police officers to police service recipients.

The analysis of the mass forms of cooperation between the police and the population today shows their high efficiency in the aspect of ensuring the interaction of police bodies with the population, as well as a significant diversity. In general, the forms can be grouped into: forms of organizational and functional interaction with local authorities; forms of preparation of volunteer community and active citizens; forms of work at the place of residence of citizens; mass forms of educational work with the population; forms of communicative and organizational training of police officers etc.

The most common in the organization of interaction with the population in the field of ensuring human rights and freedoms is engagement of the public asset and volunteers to practical socially significant activities in the community (law enforcement, popularizing, educational), which can be in the form of volunteer law enforcement actions, charitable work in legal advisory centres, participation in various human rights and educational activities. Involvement of community representatives in such work ensures practical learning and personal integration of rules of compliance with legal provisions both during direct participation in forms of cooperation with the police, and in everyday life, promotes a sense of personal responsibility for security in the microenvironment.

Conclusions

Today, an important promising area of scientific and practical work, in our opinion, is the review of experience of carrying out such forms of intensification of cooperation between the police and the public, as measures to increase the authority of the police and trust of the population in it; improvement of communication and general culture of police personnel;assistance in objective informing of the population about the activities of law enforcement officials by means of mass media; forms of provision of direct dialog between the police and the population (public associations, trade unions, associations, organizations, enterprises) during personal meetings of citizens with heads of departments, police officers, which provide law and order on a specific territory; mass forms of active preventive, educational, enlightening work among different segments of the population in order to prevent crime.

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13. Андрій Танько,

14. кандидат юридичних наук, докторант відділу організації освітньо-наукової підготовки, Харківський національний університет внутрішніх справ, проспект Льва Ландау, 27, Харків, Україна, індекс 61000, Andriitanko@ukr.net

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