A category "public order" and limitations on party autonomy in contracts for the carriage of passengers by sea
The purpose and meaning of the category "public order" in legal regulation, law enforcement practice in the field of sea transportation of passengers. The international public order in the projection on the problems of sea passenger transportation.
| Рубрика | Государство и право |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 31.08.2022 |
| Размер файла | 40,8 K |
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Conclusions
The category of public order reflects the administrative regulation of sea shipping of passengers in promoting the implementation of the state maritime policy and ensuring safety, protection of the state sovereignty in the inland sea waters, the territorial sea, the airspace over them, on the sea-bottom and in the bosom within them; protection of the sovereign rights and the jurisdiction of Ukraine in its exclusive (maritime) economic zone, as well as in strategically important areas of the sea for a state; protection of the national interests in the World Ocean and protection of human life at sea and rescue of people, property and ships. The state indirectly exercises protection and defense of private interests, namely the protection of the rights of a man and a citizen, establishing the norms aimed at maintaining the public order, and ensuring their implementation with the possibility of applying state coercion.
The imperative nature of the public order has a manifestation at two levels: 1) the state level, when it allows state intervention in privately-legal relations in order to achieve socially important goals (the national and the public security, fulfillment of international obligations, protection of the rights and the freedoms of citizens, implementation of the state policy tasks in the maritime sphere, etc.); 2) the international level, when the international public order aims to protect the specific international values from the threats, arising from piracy and terrorism. The signs of the international public order are a cross-border character; it is a kind of the imperative limitation; the application to international sea shipping; a purpose, which consists of the protection the specific international values; the importance for the safety of the shipping industry from the threats, arising from piracy and terrorism.
The characteristic feature of the public order is to restrict the application of foreign law. The analysis of the legal regulation of the public order clause in different countries showed a broad discretion in the field. That discretion bases not only on a contradiction between foreign law and domestic law and order but also on a court's perception of the consequences of their application. A court has the right to apply the clause only when the application of foreign law can lead to a result that violates the public order, which is a common aspect in the laws of many states.
References
passenger transportation legal public
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