Law enforcement information and analytical support

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Law enforcement information and analytical support

Lysenko Oleksandr Vasylyovych, Lecturer at the Department of Reserve

Officers Training, National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine

Lunhol Olha Mykolaivna, PhD in Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor

of the Department of Operational-search Activities and Information Security, Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs

Haborets Olha Andriivna, PhD in Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor

of the Department of Operational-search Activities and Information Security, Donetsk State University of Internal Affairs

Abstract

The article discusses the importance of improving the information and analytical support of law enforcement activities, which is due to the active development of information and communication technologies in general, and the digitalization of almost all spheres of our life. The authors of the article emphasize that the digitalization of law enforcement activities creates new opportunities for specially authorized state bodies in the process of identifying, stopping and preventing legal violations, restoring violated rights or punishing the offender. The authors provide proposals for the improvement of certain directions in the specified field. The principles of information and analytical provision of law enforcement activities have been analyzed, as guiding provisions and basic principles that have universality, general significance, the highest imperative and reflect the essential provisions for the use of information and communication technologies in the activities of state bodies and non-state organizations to ensure compliance with the rights and freedoms of citizens. their implementation, ensuring law and order.

Criminal analysis is considered as a special type of information-analytical activity, which consists in the identification and as accurate as possible determination of internal links between information regarding a criminal offense and other information data obtained from various sources, their use in the course of analytical support for planning and conducting operational-search and investigative activities. Measures to improve information and analytical support in Ukraine are described. Prospects for further research consist in a detailed study of the experience and recommendations of domestic scientists regarding the prospects for the development and improvement of information and analytical support for law enforcement activities, including in crisis conditions.

Keywords: information technology, law enforcement, improvement, criminal analysis, principles.

Лисенко Олександр Васильович викладач кафедри підготовки офіцерів запасу, Національна академія Національної гвардії України

Лунгол Ольга Миколаївна кандидат педагогічних наук, доцент кафедри оперативно-розшукової діяльності та інформаційної безпеки, Донецький державний університет внутрішніх справ

Габорець Ольга Андріївна доктор філософії, доцент кафедри оперативно-розшукової діяльності та інформаційної безпеки, Донецький державний університет внутрішніх справ

Інформаційно-аналітичне забезпечення правоохоронної діяльності

Анотація

У статті розглядається питання важливості вдосконалення інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення правоохоронної діяльності, що обумовлено активним розвитком інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій загалом та цифровізацією майже усіх сфер нашого життя. Автори статті акцентують увагу, що цифровізація правоохоронної діяльності створює нові можливості для спеціально уповноважених державних органів в процесі виявлення, припинення і попередження правових порушень, відновлення порушених прав або покарання правопорушника. Автори надають пропозиції щодо вдосконалення окремих напрямів у зазначеній сфері. Проаналізовано принципи інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення правоохоронної діяльності, як керівні положення та основні засади, що мають характеризуються універсальністю, загальною значущістю, вищою імперативністю і відображати суттєві положення використання інформаційних та комунікаційних технологій в діяльності державних органів та недержавних організацій щодо забезпечення дотримання прав і свобод громадян, їх реалізації, забезпечення законності та правопорядку. Розглянуто кримінальний аналіз як особливий вид інформаційно-аналітичної діяльності, який полягає в ідентифікації та якомога точнішому визначенні внутрішніх зв'язків між інформацією щодо кримінального правопорушення, і іншими інформаційними даними, отриманими з різноманітних джерел, їх використанням у ході аналітичної підтримки планування та проведення оперативно-розшукової та слідчої діяльності. Описано заходи для покращення інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення правоохоронної діяльності в Україні. У подальшому планується детально дослідити досвід та рекомендації вітчизняних науковців щодо перспектив розвитку та вдосконалення інформаційно-аналітичного забезпечення правоохоронної діяльності, в тому числі в кризових умовах.

Ключові слова: інформаційні технології, правоохоронна діяльність, вдосконалення, кримінальний аналіз, принципи.

Introduction

Statement of the problem. The active development of information processes, the introduction of new inventions, achievements and technologies into production and management processes led not only to the possibility of progressive development of our state, and became a factor in the increase in the number of crimes and the improvement of means and methods of committing criminal offenses. Therefore, the development of quality parameters of information and analytical support of law enforcement activities is gaining more and more importance. It opens up new opportunities for prevention crime, promotes effective and accurate decision-making with the aim of solving crimes, which is on its own levels were well understood already in ancient times.

Analysis of recent research and publications. Among domestic and foreign scientists who studied this problem, we can name K. Antonov, O. Bandurka, B. Baranenko, S. Bolvinov, M. Gutsalyuk, E. Didorenko, O. Dolzhenkova, V. Zakharova, M. Lyubavina, A. Movchan, D. Nikyforchuk, Yu. Orlov, S. Penkov, R. Kalyuzhny, M. Kryshtanovich, I. Katerynchuk, B. Oleksin, V. Plishkin, T. Tankushyna, O. Frolova, V. Tsymbalyuk, V. Chisnikova, S. Shoptenko, O. Yankovska, M. Stashchak, V. Shendryk, G. Shorokhovа, V. Svitlychnya and others.

Thus, the scientist Penkov S. focuses on the main characteristics and typical problems of information and analytical support of Internal affairs of Ukraine as an independent system for managing law enforcement activities of the department, analyzes the principles and priorities of organizing information and analytical activities in the direction of studying the problems of law enforcement and public security [1].

Hula L. and Dolinovskyi Yu. [2] investigate particular cases of using information and analytical support for the activities of operational units in countering crimes in the economic sphere, describe the methods and tasks of information and analytical support for the activities of operational units, outline the factors that indicate inadequate information and analytical support for the activities of operational units in the fight against crimes in economics.

Kikalishvili M. [3] in her studies points out the problematic aspects of information and analytical support for the strategy and tactics of combating corruption crime, systematically presents the ways of forming information and analytical support for this strategy, that are focused on the introduction of a national system of corruption state monitoring. We agree with M. Kikalishvili [3] that the operation of information and analytical systems involves significant human resources (persons with special knowledge), as well as a large number of scientists with relevant knowledge in the industries necessary for information and analytical activities to create an appropriate regulatory - a legal framework that will allow the relevant databases to function effectively.

Bondar V. [4] in his research focuses on the use of analytical tools in forensic activities, in particular, draws attention to the combined feature comparison algorithm containing the comparison of objects by the method of potential functions and the method of contour analysis. Bondar V. proves that the tasks of information and analytical support of forensic activities are to provide complete, up-to-date and relevant information, use effective methods of analysis, increase the visibility of the presentation of analysis results for the investigator and forensic expert.

Undoubtedly, the research and works of the named scientists have considerable theoretical significance and have been found its reflection in practical activity, However, in view of the reforms and the transition to European standards of law enforcement activities as a result of external and internal threats facing Ukrainian society, these issues require modernization and an increase in the level of measures regarding information and analytical support as a whole. At the same time, some aspects of law enforcement information and analytical support remain undeveloped or debatable today, nespecially taking into account the current situation in the field of police reform and crime prevention. Having studied the ideas of the above-mentioned scientists, based on our own experience, in view of the active digitalization of people and social relations, we consider the issue of analysis and improvement of law enforcement activities to be relevant.

The purpose of the article is to study the system and determine ways to improve the information and analytical provision of law enforcement activities in Ukraine.

Main material

The development of information and analytical support of law enforcement activities affects the speed of providing law enforcement agencies with information about the size of criminal offenses, their intensity, structure, dynamics, links of offenses with social, economic, political and other factors that affect the state and dynamics of offenses. Improvement of information and analytical support increases the results of the work of law enforcement agencies in the fight against crimes. The main task facing the information and analytical units of law enforcement agencies today is to ensure the provision of information at all levels of management about the real state of the operational situation, possible directions of its development, and on this basis the development of specific proposals for the prevention of offenses and prompt response to changes in the criminogenic situation, an objective assessment of the results of law enforcement agencies.

Improving the information and analytical support for law enforcement is an urgent issue not only at the state level, but at the level of international relations, since the police structures of different countries are increasingly interacting with each other, in particular, in countering international crime, terrorism, cyberterrorism, etc. Law enforcement agencies also cooperate with United Nations peacekeeping missions, bilateral agreements between countries and multilateral agreements concluded by international organizations, which allows police officers from different countries to exchange information and experience, improving their performance.

Let's analyze the principles of information and analytical support for law enforcement as guidelines and basic principles that have universality, general significance, the highest imperative and reflect the essential provisions for the use of information and communication technologies in the activities of state bodies and non-governmental organizations to ensure the observance of the rights and freedoms of citizens, their implementation, ensuring law and order. Thus, Ya. Kovalchuk [5] in her research singles out a group of special principles of information and analytical support for the activities of the National Police of Ukraine, which serve as the basis for organizing analytical work: general law (a set of general principles inherent in the entire system of public administration), sectoral (a set of principles arising from the content of sectoral normative legal acts, which determine the procedure for working with information and the principles of analytical work) and special (determine the procedure for organizing information and analytical support for the activities of the police). Among other classifications, we highlight the principles of: structuredness, quality, systematicity, flexibility, timeliness, integration processing, efficiency, unity. Each of these principles takes into account the specifics of the operation of information and analytical support of law enforcement activities to create favorable conditions for the effective protection of state (national) security, the state border, law and order.

In 2017, the Regulations on the Information and Communication System «Information Portal of the National Police of Ukraine» were approved for the purpose of organizing information and analytical support for the Police of Ukraine [7]. Information and communication system «Information Portal of the National Police of Ukraine» is a set of technical and software tools designed to process information generated in the process of activities of the National Police of Ukraine and its information and analytical support. The «Information portal of the National Police of Ukraine» system is a functional subsystem of the unified information system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Regulation [7] defines that the «Information Portal of the National Police of Ukraine» system is intended for:

- formation information resources of the Unified Information System of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;

- processing information generated during police activity;

- analytical processing of information obtained from automatic photo and video equipment;

- providing direct operational access to information resources of the Unified Information System of the Ministry of Internal Affairs;

- generation of interfaces and operation of web services for information interaction of police units with other state authorities, law enforcement agencies of foreign countries, international organizations;

- implementation of search and analytical functions for the use of information from the information resources (databases) of the police, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other state authorities within the scope of official activities in accordance with the level of access and powers upon request or regulation;

- use of software components of geoinformation subsystems for visualization of information in the form of electronic maps, automatic change of the depicted image of the object depending on changes in its characteristics, change of scale and detailing of cartographic information in information resources;

- ensuring the automation of police force and means management processes;

- ensuring electronic document management in police subdivisions, exchange of electronic documents with the Ministry of Internal Affairs;

- complex protection of information and differentiation of access to information stored in the databases of the "Information Portal of National Police of Ukraine" system.

The development vectors of the information and analytical support of the National Police were defined in the Concept of priority measures for reforming the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

The Concept provides for the use of modern automated information, communication and other systems in the activities of internal affairs, including the implementation of:

- a unified electronic document management system with modern mechanisms for its protection, unified databases, a system for planning current activities and remote monitoring of the quality of work of individual performers;

- interactive resources with the possibility of real-time display of committed offenses, localization and positioning of forces and means of law enforcement agencies;

- protected means of video recording on potentially critical objects, official vehicles, as well as uniforms of certain categories of law enforcement officers;

- visitor registration terminals indicating the time of stay in individual premises of internal affairs bodies;

- cashless fine payment systems.

In accordance with the Strategy for the Development of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the Ministry of Internal Affairs will implement an information policy that will provide broad multi-channel feedback with various categories of citizens (correspondence, personal receptions, social networks, electronic correspondence, telephone consultations), and will also make it possible to ensure that decisions and actions of law enforcement officers are as transparent and open to the public as possible.

In recent years, reforms in the field of information and analytical support of police activities have been significant, as a result of which a new system was implemented, thanks to which information is circulated in police, analytical work is carried out on the processing of operational and other information.

Along with this, despite the availability of new information and analytical systems, certain areas of police work in this area do not meet the modern requirements of information support of the reform process and need improvement at every stage, from collection to processing of information.

Information and analytical provision is a critical component of law enforcement activities in Ukraine. It involves the collection, analysis, and dissemination of information to support law enforcement operations.

The National Police of Ukraine and the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) are the primary agencies responsible for information and analytical provision in the country. They rely on a range of sources, including human intelligence, technical surveillance, and open-source information, to collect and analyze data on criminal activities, criminal networks, and other security-related issues.

Criminal analysis is a special type of information and analytical activity. It consists in identifying and determining as accurately as possible the internal links between information regarding a criminal offense and other information data obtained from various sources, their use in the course of analytical support for planning and conducting operational-search and investigative activities. In the process of criminal analysis, a targeted search, identification, fixation, extraction, organization, analysis and evaluation of criminal information, its visualization, transmission and implementation are provided [8, с. 70]. The goal of criminal analysis is to find the necessary information in a large stream of data and provide this information to law enforcement officers to stop criminal activity and apprehend criminals. In today's conditions, criminal analysis, as a separate type of professional activity, is carried out by law enforcement agencies of most developed countries and is an essential component of the performance of tasks for achieving long-term goals, determining priorities and general direction of law enforcement activities [9].

Solving the current tasks of modern information and analytical support of law enforcement activities should be achieved through the implementation of a unified policy of information support; creation of multi-purpose information subsystems of law enforcement agencies; improvement of organizational and personnel support of information units; integration and systematization of information records of law enforcement agencies at all levels; development of the information network; creating conditions for the effective functioning of information records, ensuring their completeness, reliability, relevance and security; re-equipment of information units with modern powerful computer equipment; distribution of a network of computer workplaces of users of information subsystems; further computerization of information records; establishment of interaction between the police and the population in the development of effective methods of such provision; introduction of new forms and methods of information support for law enforcement agencies; improvement of legislation.

Conclusions

informational analytical law enforcement

The information and analytical provision system in Ukraine uses a variety of analytical techniques, including data mining, social network analysis, and geographic profiling. The information is then disseminated to law enforcement agencies to support their investigations and operations.

To improve information and analytical provision in Ukraine, there are several measures that could be taken:

Enhance data collection: The government could improve data collection by investing in new technologies and tools that can help to collect data more efficiently and accurately.

Develop analytical capacity: Law enforcement agencies could invest in the development of analytical capacity by providing training to analysts and developing new analytical techniques.

Foster information sharing: The government could encourage better information sharing between law enforcement agencies to ensure that critical information is shared promptly and accurately.

Improve coordination: The government could improve coordination between law enforcement agencies to ensure that they work together effectively and efficiently.

Involve the public: The government could encourage the public to participate more actively in law enforcement activities by providing information and reporting suspicious activities. Law enforcement agencies could develop campaigns to raise awareness and promote public participation.

In conclusion, the information and analytical provision system is a critical component of law enforcement activities in Ukraine. By enhancing data collection, developing analytical capacity, fostering information sharing, improving coordination, and involving the public, the government can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of law enforcement activities and ultimately contribute to greater public safety.

Prospects for further research consist in a detailed study of the experience and recommendations of domestic scientists regarding the prospects for the development and improvement of information and analytical support for law enforcement activities, including in crisis conditions.

References

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