Some aspects of the use of special knowledge in the investigation of criminal offenses related to resistance to a representative of the authorities or a representative of the public performing duties for the protection of public order

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SOME ASPECTS OF THE USE OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENSES RELATED TO RESISTANCE TO A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE AUTHORITIES OR A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE PUBLIC PERFORMING DUTIES FOR THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC ORDER

HERASYMCHUK Serhii

Special knowledge in one or another angle is used by the relevant entities for the purpose of investigation and prevention of illegal acts. As for criminal offenses related to resistance to a representative of the authorities or a representative of the public who performs duties for the protection of public order, various forms of special knowledge may be used in their investigation.

In this context, we consider the opinion of M. M. Yefimov to be appropriate, who noted that the process of investigating criminal offenses requires law enforcement officials to use the maximum set of possible means and methods. One of the most widespread means used in any criminal procedure is the use of special knowledge. This aspect has its own characteristics both in relation to the subject of its possible use and in relation to its forms. In addition, there is still a controversy in the scientific literature about the information content of the term «special knowledge» [1, с. 268].

The most successful, in our opinion, which reflects the legal nature of the concept of special knowledge, remains the definition of V. K. Lysychenka and V. V. Tsirkalya: this is scientific, technical and practical knowledge not generally known in the judiciary, acquired as a result of professional training or work in a certain specialty by a person engaged as a specialist or expert for the purpose of helping the investigator or court in clarifying the circumstances of the case or providing conclusions on issues, for solving which require their use [3, с. 21].

Of course, the use of special knowledge in the investigation of criminal offenses related to resistance to a representative of the authorities or a representative of the public who performs duties for the protection of public order must be considered through the prism of their operation by certain subjects during the conduct of relevant investigators (search) actions. In the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine as subjects of the use of special knowledge, as emphasized by I. V. Pyrig, their direct bearers are clearly defined - investigator, specialist, expert [5, с. 56]. At the same time, special knowledge can be used by the investigator both directly and indirectly.

As for criminal offenses related to resistance to a representative of the authorities or a representative of the public who performs duties for the protection of public order, various forms of special knowledge may be used in their investigation. In particular: special knowledge criminal offense

- directly authorized person during the pre-trial investigation;

- participation of a specialist during investigative (search) actions;

- appointing and conducting forensic examinations.

During the inspection of the scene of the commission of the researched group of illegal acts, it is recommended to carefully examine the territory to find traces of struggle (stains of blood, hair, tools, etc.), since the victims of the specified acts often resist. The tool of illegal actions can be a stick, a stone, etc. An obstacle or object destroyed by them retains microparticles in the places of contact, which make it possible to establish the type and material of the tool. Timely, complete recording of material traces at the scene is the key to a successful investigation of a criminal offense and exposure of the guilty parties. Extraction and fixation of evidentiary information can be carried out both directly by the investigator and by another person [2, с. 84].

It should also be noted that during the inspection of the scene of the crime under investigation, the assistance of a specialist consists of the following:

- determination of the boundaries of the territory to be inspected;

- establishment of a method of inspection of the places of the most likely retreat of the offender. The list of search objects depends on the nature of the committed socially dangerous act. Therefore, when conducting inspections, the specialist draws the attention of the investigator to objects that may be important for the investigation;

- selection and use of technical means in accordance with the object of inspection;

- carrying out search operations in order to identify traces, including microobjects (for example, in the pockets of the suspect's clothes);

- carrying out the necessary simplest geometric, weight and other measurements (for example, determining the size of objects, weighing found objects, etc.);

- conducting preliminary studies of traces. Indicative information obtained as a result of preliminary studies: facilitates and accelerates the conduct of subsequent forensic examinations; is important for the urgent implementation of operational search measures and investigative (search) actions; is the basis for modeling the event of criminal offenses, putting forward versions, etc.;

- recording of the objects and traces that are removed, by means of a careful description in the protocol of the investigative action and photo and video recording;

- extraction and packaging of detected traces, carrier objects;

- clarification regarding the detected objects or traces;

- providing advice on further expert research of seized objects [4, с. 42].

At the same time, from the indicated number of traces at the place of commission of criminal offenses related to resistance to a representative of the authorities or a representative of the public performing duties for the protection of public order, the following were found:

- traces of hands - in 23 % of cases;

- traces of blood and other organic substances - 69 %;

- traces of the means of committing an illegal act - 72 %.

In summary, it is necessary to point out that various forms of special knowledge may be used in the investigation of criminal offenses related to resistance to a representative of the authorities or a representative of the public performing duties for the protection of public order. Among them, the following should be singled out: directly by an authorized person during a pre-trial investigation; participation of a specialist during investigative (search) actions; appointing and conducting forensic examinations.

Список використаних джерел

1. Єфімов М. М. Використання спеціальних знань під час розслідування злочинів проти моральності. Науковий вісник Дніпропетровського державного університету внутрішніх справ. 2020. № 2. С. 268-274.

2. Єфімов М. М. Розслідування злочинів проти громадського порядку та моральності: навч. посібник. Вид. 2-е, доп. і перероб. Дніпро: Дніпроп. держ. ун-т внутр. справ, 2018. 188 с.

3. Лисиченко В. К., Циркаль В. В. Использование специальных знаний в следственной и судебной практике. Киев, 1987. 68 с.

4. Огляд місця події: виявлення та вилучення об'єктів біологічного походження: методичні рекомендації / Міністерство внутрішніх справ України, Державний науково - дослідний експертно-криміналістичний центр; [авт.-упоряд.: С. І. Перлін, С. О. Шевцов, Н. М. Косміна, В. В. Іонова]. Харків: ФОП Чальцев О. В., 2009. 100 с.

5. Пиріг І. В. Теорія і практика використання спеціальних знань при розслідуванні розкрадань вантажів на залізничному транспорті: дис. на здобуття наук. ступеня канд. юрид. наук.: 12.00.09 / Київ, 2006. 205 с.

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