Integration of the positive experience of police training in eu countries into the personnel training system for the national police of Ukraine

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Sumy Branch of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs

Integration of the positive experience of police training in eu countries into the personnel training system for the national police of Ukraine

Samoilova Yuliia Ihorivna,

Associate Professor Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor

Hrynova Anastasiia Oleksandrivna, cadet

The processes of internationalization of higher education of Ukraine and integration into the international educational space lead to increased requirements for professional training of law enforcement officers, transformational changes in the education system of police officers, namely overcoming narrowly differentiated professional training. Modern future specialists should be employees of a more universal profile, meeting the requirements of the competitiveness of education in European and international contexts.

In the conditions of the European integration of Ukraine, with the aim of developing and improving the system of professional training of employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the experience of law enforcement agencies and international organizations of the countries of the European Union is of particular interest. Modern Western European police training systems can be characterized as a global reform of police training on an international scale. There is an international unification of national education standards, as well as a partial and full diversification of professional training models, combined with the improvement of the technological foundations of training.

However, along with the processes of internationalization and integration, each of the national systems strives to highlight the positive national experience as much as possible, as well as to take into account the aspects determined by the historically developed potential of education to ensure the training of police personnel.

On June 14, 1994, Ukraine, as a potential applicant for EU membership, officially announced its desire to become a full -fledged participant in the integration processes after signing the «Agreement on Partnership and Cooperation between the EU and Ukraine», in which it was determined that the priority areas of cooperation are strengthening stability and security in Europe, observance of the principles of democracy and promotion of the protection of human rights.

An integral part of permanent political cooperation between Ukraine and the EU is borrowing the best experience of the activity and organization of the police of the EU countries, which have achieved high indicators in professional training, the main feature of which is close international cooperation and cooperation, as a result of which an integrated system of professional training of law enforcement officers was created on the basis of unified European standards of education in law enforcement activity. Interstate cooperation in the field of law enforcement is carried out in the format of interstate normative legal acts, such as the «Agreement on the Unified Education of Candidates for Higher Bodies of the EU Police Executive Service», «Agreement on the EU Police Management Academy» and other international treaties.

International standards for training police personnel in the field the provision of human rights has already been reflected in many international documents such as: Code of conduct of officials from maintenance of law and order; The main principles of the use of force and firearms by law enforcement officers; Declaration about the police; European Code of Police Ethics. Professional standards are under constant discussion and development.

Personnel training systems for law enforcement agencies of EU countries can be divided into 3 groups: centralized, semi-centralized and decentralized. Centralized systems are characterized by the presence of a single multi-level system of educational institutions with a central higher education institution (from initial training to the training of managers), a single management system of educational institutions. Semi-centralized systems are characterized by the presence of educational institutions of regional importance, which provide initial training, special training and advanced training in accordance with the requirements and under the general supervision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs or a state authority performing its functions, managed by the relevant services of these regions together with local authorities. It is believed that a semi -centralized system is the most appropriate, as it combines centralized and local management in the organization of training personnel for the police [1].

At the pan-European level, in addition to national law enforcement agencies, many governmental and non-governmental agencies, which play an important role in this aspect, take care of the training of police officers. The participation of such departments in the training of future police officers and the retraining of already active specialists is significant, as it contributes to the strengthening of the practical component of training. The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the European Police College (CEPOL) and the International Law Enforcement Academy (IPA) make the greatest contribution to the training of personnel for the national agencies of the EU countries.

Since 2002, the OSCE Department of Strategic Policing has been supporting the national police services of the OSCE participating States, especially in the countries of Southeast Europe, the South Caucasus, and Central Asia. The department organized the development of the manual «Best practice of basic police training - aspects of the curriculum», which unifies practical experience in the field of formation of educational programs of basic police training for all 56 OSCE member states. The guide offers a set of recommended standards that provide a common platform for improving national models of basic police training [2].

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine is actively developing cooperation with the CEPOL Agency. Founded in 2000, CEPOL (European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training or the European Police College) is engaged in training the police of EU countries in the fight against crime, ensuring security and law and order. CEPOL is a coordinating center focused on uniting the national police universities of the EU countries into a single network and using their educational and pedagogical potential to create, develop and implement a single pan-European standard in the fight against organized crime, the implementation of preventive activities, the maintenance of public order and the provision of pub lic security [3].

The main tasks of CEPOL are: increasing the level of competence of police officers, harmonizing and improving the quality of their education, expanding knowledge about national police systems and key tools of police cooperation within the EU and the entire international community; fight against transnational crime (countering terrorism, organized crime, crimes in the field of high technologies, human trafficking and illegal drug trafficking); development of a uniform curriculum for police educational institutions of the EU countries [4].

It should be noted that the CEPOL Agency in 2010 created its own exchange program. The key achievements of the Exchange Program in 2019 are as follows:

the CEPOL exchange program fully reflects the requirements arising from EU policy priorities, as well as the needs of EU member states;

the subjects of training of the personnel of the police departments of the EU countries were coordinated with the general training portfolio of CEPOL;

the exchange program was supplemented with CEPOL's innovative, student-centered forms and methods of training, contributing to the agency's comprehensive approach to police training;

this program was also expanded to include exchange opportunities with non-EU countries. professional police education interstate

An important part of the strategy of professional training of European police officers is the principles of lifelong learning. Recognition of prior training and consideration of already acquired professional competences should be taken into account in the process of training personnel of various categories. Modern professional training programs must respect and take into account the diversity of cadets and their needs, provide for flexible learning paths, recognize prior education and encourage a sense of autonomy among cadets, while ensuring adequate guidance and support from teachers and promoting cadet progress in a conducive and effective educational environment [5].

In addition, cadets should be encouraged to participate in the educational process through the use of active, professionally-oriented learning methods, such as solving problem situations, group discussions, the case method, and simulations. The recommended methods reflect the principles of adult learning and the concept of lifelong learning to use the experience gained by the cadets.

Responsibility for the observance of fundamental human rights is one of the main elements of the professional competence of police officers in EU countries. Therefore, fundamental human rights must be implemented in all training programs. The teaching strategy of modern training programs is aimed at encouraging professional development to the maximum extent possible. This approach emphasizes respect for the cadet's autonomy, his experience and skills. In addition, it reflects the main principles of the Bologna process and promotes the recognition of vocational training. It is extremely important to combine the content with practice as much as possible in the learning process for the development of the necessary professional competencies.

The analysis of the joint training programs for police personnel developed by the above-mentioned international organizations revealed common features that need to be considered for implementation in domestic programs of professional training of Ukrainian police officers: implementation of the principles of lifelong learning; recognition of prior training and consideration of already acquired professional competencies in the process of training personnel of various categories.

References

1. Kireev O. Professional training of border guards of the European Union (on the example of the border guard of the Republic of Poland). Visnik Natsionalnoi akademii Derzhavnoi prykordonnoi sluzhby Ukrainy. Pedahohichni nauky. 2011. № 5.

2. Good Practices in Basic Police Training - Curricula Aspects. 2009.

3. European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Training (CEPOL). Education and Training.

4. Balendr A., Komarnytska O., Bloshchynskyy I., Didenko O. Information and communication technologies in foreign language training of border guards in the European Union. Informatsiini tekhnolohii i zasoby navchannia. 2018. Vol. 67 (5). Pp. 56-71.

5. Balendr A., Biletskyi V., Iakymchuk A., Sinkevych S., Korolov V., Bloshchynskyi I. Implementation of European Border Guards' Common Educational Standards in Ukraine: Comparative Analysis. Romanian Journal for Multidimensional Education. 2019. № 11 (2). Pp. 1-17.

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