The prospects for the development of housing legislation in Ukraine
Prospects for the development of housing legislation in Ukraine. An analysis of the content of the constitutional right to housing was carried out for its compliance with international standards. The main regulatory and legal acts were analyzed.
| Рубрика | Государство и право |
| Вид | статья |
| Язык | английский |
| Дата добавления | 08.06.2024 |
| Размер файла | 21,4 K |
Отправить свою хорошую работу в базу знаний просто. Используйте форму, расположенную ниже
Студенты, аспиранты, молодые ученые, использующие базу знаний в своей учебе и работе, будут вам очень благодарны.
Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru/
The prospects for the development of housing legislation in Ukraine
Vovk Mariia Zinoviivna candidate of legal sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the department of civil and legal disciplines, Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Lviv
Zabzaliuk Dmytro Yevhenovych doctor of legal sciences, professor, head of the department of general legal disciplines, Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Lviv
Abstract
One of the priority tasks of the state is to meet people's housing needs. However, today the implementation of the constitutional right to housing has become one of the most acute problems in Ukraine. Given the low level of housing stock, significant destruction and damage to housing, as well as massive internal displacement, providing citizens with affordable housing has become impossible. Therefore, a large number of various legislative acts that regulate the functioning of housing policy in Ukraine need revision.
The article has been devoted to the prospects for the development of housing legislation in Ukraine. The analysis of the content of the constitutional right to housing was carried out for its compliance with international standards. The main normative legal acts, in accordance with which the procedure for realizing this right is carried out: the Housing Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine "On Housing Fund for Social Purposes", etc., have been analysed. The legal regulation of state targeted programs to provide citizens with affordable housing has been studied. Also the attention is drawn to the fact that the system of providing social housing has not been functioning for many years. Financing of budget housing programs at the expense of the funds of the general fund of the state budget is carried out based on the possibilities of the state budget. Therefore, neither the provisions of the Housing Code of Ukraine on obtaining housing from the state, nor the provisions of the
Constitution of Ukraine on the right to housing, which must be provided by the state, actually work.
The particular attention has been paid to the analysis of the draft law of Ukraine "On the basic principles of housing policy".
It has been concluded that Art. 47 of the Constitution of Ukraine corresponds to international standards, in which the right to housing is recognized as one of the basic human rights. Therefore, the concept of development of housing legislation of Ukraine should be aimed at ensuring the implementation of the constitutional right to housing.
Keywords: housing, affordable housing, social housing, contract, law, defence.
Вовк Марія Зіновіївна кандидат юридичних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри цивільно-правових дисциплін, Львівський державний університет внутрішніх справ, м. Львів
Забзалюк Дмитро Євгенович доктор юридичних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри загально-правових дисциплін, Львівський державний університет внутрішніх справ, м. Львів
ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ЖИТЛОВОГО ЗАКОНОДАВСТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Анотація. Одним із пріоритетних завдань держави є забезпечення потреб людей у житлі. Однак на сьогодні реалізація конституційного права на житло є однією з найбільш гострих проблем в Україні. З огляду на низький рівень стану житлового фонду, значну руйнацію та пошкодження житла, а також масове внутрішнє переміщення, забезпечення громадян доступним житлом стало неможливим. Тому велика кількість різноманітних законодавчих актів, які регулюють функціонування житлової політики в Україні потребують перегляду.
Статтю присвячено перспективам розвитку житлового законодавства в Україні. Проведено аналіз змісту конституційного права на житло на його відповідність міжнародним стандартам. Проаналізовано основні нормативно- правові акти, відповідно до яких здійснюється порядок реалізації цього права: Житловий кодекс України, Закон України "Про житловий фонд соціального призначення" тощо. Досліджено правове регулювання державних цільових програм щодо забезпечення громадян доступним житлом. Звернено увагу на те, що система надання соціального житла не функціонує вже багато років. Фінансування бюджетних житлових програм за рахунок коштів загального фонду державного бюджету здійснюється виходячи з можливостей державного бюджету. Тому фактично не працюють ані положення Житлового кодексу України про отримання житла від держави, ані положення Конституції України про право на житло, яке має забезпечуватися державою.
Окрема увага в роботі приділена аналізу проекту закону України "Про основні засади житлової політики".
Зроблено висновок, що ст. 47 Конституції України відповідає міжнародним стандартам, де право на житло визнається як одне з базових прав людини. Тому концепція розвитку житлового законодавства України має бути спрямована на забезпечення реалізації конституційного права на житло. housing legislation constitutional right
Ключові слова: житло, доступне житло, соціальне житло, договір, право, захист.
Formulation of the problem. One of the priority tasks of the state is to meet people's housing needs. However, today the implementation of the constitutional right to housing has become one of the most acute problems in Ukraine. Given the low level of housing stock, significant destruction and damage to housing, as well as massive internal displacement, providing citizens with affordable housing has become impossible. Therefore, a large number of various legislative acts that regulate the functioning of housing policy in Ukraine need revision.
The analysis of the recent researches and publications. Such scientists as: K. Borysova, O. Hnativ, O. Kashchuk, Yu. Kyrychenko, M. Kovtun, S. Komnatnyy, Yu. Ryzhuk, Yu. Tyuleneva, S. Yatsenko and the others have devoted their works to the issues of prospects for the development of housing legislation. However, in connection with the beginning of russian aggression in 2014 and the full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022, the study of this issue is still relevant.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the housing legislation of Ukraine and develop, based on it, the author's vision of the prospects for improving legal regulation in this area.
Presenting the main material. One of the necessary human rights for a dignified life is the right to housing [1, p. 48]. This right is recognized both at the international and national levels. In particular, in Art. 31 of the European Social Charter (revised) of 1996 [2], ratified by Ukraine, it is stipulated that in order to ensure the exercise of the relevant right, the state undertakes to take measures aimed at: facilitating access to housing of an appropriate level; prevention of homelessness and its reduction with the aim of its gradual elimination; setting housing prices affordable for low-income people. However, only those provisions of the Charter had been ratified, where the parties set the goal of their policy to create conditions that ensure the effective exercise of every person's right to housing. Unfortunately, Ukraine has not accepted the obligations of paragraph 3 of Art. 31 Charters regarding the establishment of affordable housing prices for low-income persons. According to K. Borysova, this reflects the insufficient level of social development of Ukraine [3, p. 1].
Along with this, Art. 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 [4], Art. 11 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 [5] and Art. 28 of the 2006 Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [6] guarantee the right to housing as part of the right to an adequate standard of living.
Precepts of Art. 47 of the Constitution of Ukraine [7] ensure the right to housing and it is emphasized that the state must create the conditions under which every citizen will be able to build housing, purchase it as a property or rent it. However, there will always remain a part of citizens who, for objective reasons, will not be able to take advantage of the available opportunities. Such citizens, for the purpose of social protection, are provided with housing by the state and local selfgovernment bodies free of charge or for an affordable fee in accordance with the law.
The procedure for implementing the corresponding constitutional right is regulated by a rather extensive system of normative legal acts. In particular, the procedure for providing housing in the buildings of the state and public housing fund, as well as some other issues of housing law, are regulated by the Housing Code of Ukraine [8]. However, scientific sources rightly draw attention to the fact that the Housing Code of Ukraine was developed back in 1983. Despite a significant number of changes, it contains outdated approaches and does not take into account the modern needs of providing housing for various categories of the population [9, p. 28].
The legal basis of state policy regarding the provision of the constitutional right of socially vulnerable sections of the population of Ukraine to receive housing has been defined by the Law of Ukraine "On Housing Fund for Social Purposes" [10]. This law provides that such housing is provided to citizens free of charge on the basis of a rental agreement. It also has defined the categories of citizens who have the right to receive social housing and the sources of the formation of the social housing fund. At the same time, they rush to privatize the small amounts of housing provided to citizens as social housing, which does not contribute to the formation of the appropriate housing stock [11].
Along with this, the separate norms of the following legislative acts have been also devoted to the implementation of the right to housing: Art. 138 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Judiciary and the Status of Judges"; Art. 83 of the Law of Ukraine "On the Prosecutor's Office"; Art. 96 of the Law of Ukraine "On the National Police"; Art. 54 of the Law of Ukraine "On Civil Service"; Art. 38 of the Law of Ukraine "On Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activity"; Art. 57 of the Law "On Higher Education", etc.
E. Bersheda and Yu. Mantsevych have noted that more than 40 legislative acts, in one way or another, determine the right to receive housing or benefits upon receiving it. However, according to these scientists, most of the relevant legal norms do not have an economic justification and have been preserved since the time when there was a system of distribution of young specialists. Some of them provide for subsidized or free housing for highly paid employees, including judges, prosecutors, people's deputies, etc. At the same time, staffing problems in certain spheres of activity should be solved by regulating the level of income and should not create conditions for corruption schemes in housing, contributing to inefficient spending of state and local budgets [12, p. 86].
It is worth noting that a number of state-targeted programs for providing affordable housing are implemented in Ukraine. In order to ensure the realization of the housing rights of citizens who need state support, since 2009, the State targeted socio-economic program for the construction (purchase) of affordable housing has been operating in Ukraine, which is implemented in accordance with the Procedure for providing state support and providing citizens with affordable housing, approved by Cabinet resolution of Ministers of Ukraine dated 10.10.2018 No. 819 [13].
In Ukraine, there is also a State program for providing youth with housing for the years 2013-2026, approved by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 24.10.2012 No. 967 (as amended by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated 03.11.2023 No. 1147) [14]. Its main goal is to create appropriate conditions for housing young families and single young citizens, including internally displaced persons.
Within the framework of the State program for providing housing to young people, a mechanism for granting preferential long-term loans to young families and single young citizens for construction (reconstruction) and purchase of housing is implemented, which is regulated by the Regulation on the procedure for granting preferential long-term loans to young families and single young citizens for construction (reconstruction) and the purchase of housing, approved by the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated May 29, 2001 No. 584 [15].
Provision of preferential long-term state loans to internally displaced persons, participants in the anti-terrorist operation (ATO) and/or OOS for the purchase of housing is implemented within the state budget program in accordance with the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated November 27, 2019 No. 980 [16].
In addition, it is possible to improve housing conditions with state support within the framework of the budget program "State preferential lending to individual rural developers for construction (reconstruction) and purchase of housing." The Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated October 5, 1998 No. 1597 [17] approved the Rules for granting long-term loans to individual developers of housing in the countryside, which determine the conditions and procedure for providing preferential long-term loans to individual developers of housing in the countryside for the implementation of regional programs by regional funds supporting individual housing construction in the countryside "Own home".
However, in 2023, under the conditions of an unprecedented increase in the number of internally displaced persons, the destruction of the existing housing stock as a result of hostilities, and a sharp decrease in the number of apartments put into operation (by 39% less in 2022 compared to 2021), the housing issue became particularly acute [18]. After all, the system of providing social housing has not been functioning for many years. Financing of budget housing programs at the expense of the funds of the general fund of the state budget is carried out based on the possibilities of the state budget. Therefore, neither the provisions of the Housing Code of Ukraine on obtaining housing from the state, nor the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine on the right to housing, which must be provided by the state, actually work.
It is worth noting that the draft law of Ukraine "On the basic principles of housing policy" has been developed today. The draft law provides for a number of opportunities to realize everyone's right to housing in accordance with the following projects: social rent, social housing, financial and economic mechanisms for obtaining housing in private ownership, commercial rent. The provisions of the draft law also contain the principles of providing official and temporary housing, renting housing with the right of redemption. The priorities for solving the issue of providing housing for certain categories of citizens (military servicemen, war veterans, their family members and family members of deceased veterans, internally displaced persons, etc.) have been determined. It is also envisaged to introduce an open Unified electronic register of housing and the ability to choose a program under which each person can exercise his right to housing. Certain clauses of the draft Law relate to the defence of the right to ownership, use and rental of housing. For the transparency of the use of state and communal property, it is proposed to implement the registration of lease agreements [19].
The conclusions
Summarizing the above, it is worth noting that Art. 47 of the Constitution of Ukraine corresponds to international standards, where the right to housing is recognized as one of the basic human rights. Therefore, the concept of development of housing legislation of Ukraine should be aimed at ensuring the implementation of the constitutional right to housing.
References
1. Borysova, K. (2015). Deiaki problemni aspekty konstytutsiinoho prava na zhytlo za zakonodavstvom Ukrainy [Some problematic aspects of the constitutional right to housing on Ukrainian legislation]. - Naukovyi visnyk Mizhnarodnoho humanitarnoho universytetu. Seriia: Yurysprudentsiia - [Scientific Bulletin of the International Humanities University. Series: Jurisprudence], 14 (1), 46-48 [in Ukrainian].
2. Yevropeiska sotsialna khartiia (perehlianuta) vid 03.05.1996 [European Social Charter (revised) from 03.05.1996]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/994_062#Text [in Ukrainian].
3. Borysova, K. (2018). Konstytutsiini zasady zabezpechennia prava na zhytlo v Ukraini [Constitutional provision of the right to housing in Ukraine]. [avtoref. dys. kand. yuryd. nauk]. Kyiv [in Ukrainian].
4. Zahalna deklaratsiia prav liudyny vid 10.12.1948 [Universal Declaration of Human Rights from 10.12.1948]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/995_015#Text [in Ukrainian].
5. Mizhnarodnyi pakt pro ekonomichni, sotsialni i kulturni prava vid 16.12.1966 [International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights from 16.12.1966]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_042#Text [in Ukrainian].
6. Konventsiia pro prava osib z invalidnistiu vid 13.12.2006 [Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities from 13.12.2006]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_g71#Text [in Ukrainian].
7. Konstytutsiia Ukrainy vid 28.06.1996 [Constitution of Ukraine from 28.06.1996]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D1%80#Text [in Ukrainian].
8. Zhytlovyi kodeks Ukrainy vid 30.06.1983 № 5464-Х [Housing Code of Ukraine from 30.06.1983 № 5464-Х]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ 5464-10#Text [in Ukrainian].
9. Tiulenieva Yu.V. Stan zhytlovoho zabezpechennia hromadian v Ukraini [The state of housing support of citizens in Ukraine]. - Suchasni problemy ekonomiky i pidpryiemnytstvo - [Modern problems of economy and entrepreneurship], 25, 27-34 [in Ukrainian].
10. Zakon Ukrainy "Pro zhytlovyi fond sotsialnoho pryznachennia" [The Law of Ukraine "On Housing Fund for Social Purposes"]. (n.d.). zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3334-15#Text [in Ukrainian].
11. Komnatnyi, S. (n.d.). Nove zhytlove zakonodavstvo Ukrainy: yakym vono bude [The new housing legislation of Ukraine: what it will be like]. yur-gazeta.com. Retrieved from: https://yur-gazeta.com/publications/practice/neruhomist-ta-budivnictvo/nove-zhitlove- zakonodavstvo-ukrayini-yakim-vono-bude-.html [in Ukrainian].
12. Bersheda, Ye., & Mantsevych, Yu. (2016). Zakonodavche zabezpechennia vyrishennia zhytlovoi problemy v Ukraini [Legislative support for solving the housing problem in Ukraine]. - Naukovi zapysku Instytutu zakonodavstva Verkhovnoi rady Ukrainy - [Scientific note of the Institute of Legislation of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine], 5, 82-88 [in Ukrainian].
13. Рostanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy Deiaki pytannia zabezpechennia hromadian dostupnym zhytlom vid 10.10.2018 № 819 [Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Some issues of providing citizens with affordable housing from 10.10.2018 № 819]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/819-2018-%D0%BF#Text [in Ukrainian].
14. Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy Pro zatverdzhennia Derzhavnoi prohramy zabezpechennia molodi zhytlom na 2013-2026 roky vid 24.10.2012 № 967 [Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine On the Approval of the State program for providing youth with housing for the years 2013-2026 from 24.10.2012 № 967]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/967-2012-%D0%BF#Text [in Ukrainian].
15. Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy Pro poriadok nadannia pilhovykh dovhoterminovykh kredytiv molodym simiam ta odynokym molodym hromadianam na budivnytstvo (rekonstruktsiiu) i prydbannia zhytla vid 29.05.2001 № 584 [Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine On the procedure for granting preferential long-term loans to young families and single young citizens for construction (reconstruction) and the purchase of housing from 29.05.2001 № 584]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/584-2001-%D0%BF#Text [in Ukrainian].
16. Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy Pro zatverdzhennia Poriadku vykorystannia koshtiv, peredbachenykh u derzhavnomu biudzheti dlia nadannia pilhovoho dovhostrokovoho derzhavnoho kredytu vnutrishno peremishchenym osobam, uchasnykam provedennia antyterorystychnoi operatsii (ATO) ta/abo uchasnykam provedennia operatsii Obiednanykh syl (OOS) na prydbannia zhytla vid 27.11.2019 № 980 [Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine On approval of the Procedure for the use of funds provided for in the state budget for the provision of preferential long-term state loans to internally displaced persons, participants in the anti-terrorist operation (ATO) and/or participants in the Operation of the United Forces (OOS) for the purchase of housing from 27.11.2019 № 980]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/ show/980-2019-%D0%BF#Text [in Ukrainian].
17. Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy Pro zatverdzhennia Pravyl nadannia dovhostrokovykh kredytiv indyvidualnym zabudovnykam zhytla na seli vid 05.10. 1998 № 1597 [Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine On approval of the Rules for granting long-term loans to individual developers of housing in the countryside from 05.10. 1998 № 1597]. zakon.rada.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1597-98-%D0%BF#Text [in Ukrainian].
18. Zminy v zakoni pro zhytlovu polityku: shcho ochikuvaty? [Changes in the law on housing policy: what to expect?]. mistosite.org.ua. Retrieved from: https://mistosite.org.ua/en/ articles/zminy-v-zakoni-pro-zhytlovu-polityku-shcho-ochikuvaty [in Ukrainian].
19. Proekt Zakonu "Pro osnovni zasady zhytlovoi polityky" [Draft Law "On Basic Principles of Housing Policy"]. mtu.gov.ua. Retrieved from: https://mtu.gov.ua/news/35482.html [in Ukrainian].
20. Література:
21. Борисова К.С. Деякі проблемні аспекти конституційного права на житло за законодавством України. Науковий вісник Міжнародного гуманітарного університету. Серія: Юриспруденція. 2015. № 14. Т. 1. С. 46-48.
22. Європейська соціальна хартія (переглянута) від 03.05.1996. URL: https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/994_062#Text.
23. Борисова К.С. Конституційні засади забезпечення права на житло в Україні: автореф. дис. ...канд. юрид. наук:12.00.02. Київ, 2018. 20 с.
24. Загальна декларація прав людини від 10.12.1948. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/995_015#Text.
25. Міжнародний пакт про економічні, соціальні і культурні права від 16.12.1966. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/995_042#Text.
26. Конвенція про права осіб з інвалідністю від 13.12.2006. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/995_g71#Text.
27. Конституція України від 28.06.1996. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ 254%D0%BA/96-%D0%B2%D 1%80#Text.
28. Житловий кодекс України від 30.06.1983 № 5464-Х. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/ show/5464- 10#T ext.
29. Тюленєва Ю.В. Стан житлового забезпечення громадян в Україні. Сучасні проблеми економіки і підприємництво. 2020. Вип. 25. С. 27-34.
30. Про житловий фонд соціального призначення: Закон України від 12.01.2006 № 3334-ІУ. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.Ua/laws/show/3334-15#Text.
31. Комнатний С. Нове житлове законодавство України: яким воно буде. URL: https://yUr-gazeta.com/pUblications/practice/nerUhomist-ta-bUdivnictvo/nove-zhitlove-zakonodavstvo- ukrayini-yakim-vono-bude-.html.
32. Бершеда Є., Манцевич Ю. Законодавче забезпечення вирішення житлової проблеми в Україні. Наукові записку Інституту законодавства Верховної Ради України. 2016. № 5. С.82-88.
33. Деякі питання забезпечення громадян доступним житлом: постанова Кабінету Міністрів України від 10.10.2018 № 819. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/819-2018- %D0%BF #T ext.
34. Про затвердження Державної програми забезпечення молоді житлом на 20132026 роки: постанова Кабінету Міністрів України від 24.10.2012 № 967. URL: https:// zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/967-2012-%D0%BF#Text.
35. Про порядок надання пільгових довготермінових кредитів молодим сім'ям та одиноким молодим громадянам на будівництво (реконструкцію) і придбання житла: постанова Кабінету Міністрів України від 29.05.2001 № 584. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/ laws/show/5 84-2001 -%D0%BF #T ext.
36. Про затвердження Порядку використання коштів, передбачених у державному бюджеті для надання пільгового довгострокового державного кредиту внутрішньо переміщеним особам, учасникам проведення антитерористичної операції (АТО) та/або учасникам проведення операції Об'єднаних сил (ООС) на придбання житла: постанова Кабінету Міністрів України від 27.11.2019 № 980. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/ 980-2019-%D0%BF#Text.
37. Про затвердження Правил надання довгострокових кредитів індивідуальним забудовникам житла на селі: постанова Кабінету Міністрів України від 05.10. 1998 № 1597. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1597-98-%D0%BF#Text.
38. Зміни в законі про житлову політику: що очікувати? URL: https://mistosite.org.ua/ en/articles/zminy-v-zakoni-pro-zhytlovu-polityku-shcho-ochikuvaty.
39. Проект Закону "Про основні засади житлової політики". URL: https://mtu.gov.ua/ news/35482.html.
Размещено на Allbest.ru
...Подобные документы
The characteristics and structure of constitutional law of Ukraine, factors affecting its formation and development, the current trend. Reform and the direction of change of the legal branch of the state. Principles of functioning of constitutional law.
реферат [40,5 K], добавлен 13.02.2015Study of the problems of local government in Ukraine. Analysis of its budgetary support, personnel policy, administrative-territorial structure. The priority of reform of local self-management. The constitution of Palestine: "the state in development".
реферат [15,9 K], добавлен 10.02.2015Degradation of environment in cities has brought to destruction of ecosystems and its inconvertible nature. At characteristics of the occupied (housing) lands in the city as important condition of formation of favorable ambience of environment for people.
статья [20,4 K], добавлен 10.02.2015The concept of legitimate force, the main condition and the possibility of entry of legal acts in force. Reflection of the procedure in the legislation of the European Union and the Russian Federation: comparative characteristics and differences.
реферат [20,5 K], добавлен 13.02.2015Development in Ukraine of democratic, social, lawful state according to the constitutional development. The feature of the new democratic constitutionalism. Constitutionalism - introduction of the system of government based on the current Constitution.
реферат [24,7 K], добавлен 14.02.2015Concept of development basic law. Protection of freedom through the implementation of the principle of subsidiarity. Analysis of the humanitarian aspects of the legal status of a person. Systematic review of articles of the constitution of Russia.
реферат [21,2 K], добавлен 14.02.2015Concept of the constitutional justice in the postsoviet Russia. Execution of decisions of the Constitutional Court. Organizational structure of the constitutional justice. Institute of the constitutional justice in political-legal system of Russia.
реферат [23,9 K], добавлен 10.02.2015The role of constitutional justice in strengthening constitutional legality. Protection of the constitutional rights, freedoms, formation of the specialized institute of judicial power. The removal of contradictions and blanks in the federal legislation.
реферат [24,0 K], добавлен 14.02.2015The system of executive authorities. Legislation of Ukraine as sources of social protection. The mechanism and contents of social protection tax. Benefits as the main element of the special legal status of a person. Certain features of protection.
реферат [18,9 K], добавлен 30.09.2012Analyze general, special and single in different constitutionally legal systems of the countries of the world. The processes of globalization, internationalization, socialization, ecologization, humanization and biologization of the constitutional law.
реферат [17,4 K], добавлен 13.02.2015Globalization of the theory, ideology and practice of modern constitutionalism on the border of millennia. The development of the constitutional ideas and institutes. Analyze the model of the Ukrainian constitutionalism and its realization in practice.
реферат [25,5 K], добавлен 07.01.2015The article covers the issue of specific breaches of international law provisions owed to Ukraine by Russia. The article also examines problems in the application of international law by Russia. In the course of the Russian aggression against Ukraine.
статья [42,0 K], добавлен 19.09.2017Adoption of resolution about institution of the new Council on human rights. The role of the constitutional courts of the subjects of the RF is in rendering the influence upon adduction in correspondence of the legislation of the subjects of the RF.
реферат [26,0 K], добавлен 14.02.2015Concept, importance of the Constitution as the fundamental law of the state, the history of development. Features of the constitutions of the leading powers of the European continent. Factors that influence the content of the Constitution of Bulgaria.
реферат [21,4 K], добавлен 14.02.2015Constitutionalism as political and legal theory and practice of development of the constitutional democratic state and civil society. Principles of modern constitutional system of board. Role of society in the course of formation of municipal authority.
реферат [18,5 K], добавлен 07.01.2015The principles of the international law and the international contracts are the component of legal system of the Russian Federation. The question of application of the norms of the international law and contracts in activity of the Constitutional Court.
реферат [16,0 K], добавлен 07.01.2015Characteristics of the state apparatus Ukraine: the concept, content and features, fundamental principles of organization and operation of state apparatus. Structure of the state apparatus and its correlation with the mechanism of state.
курсовая работа [25,1 K], добавлен 08.10.2012The first steps promoting creation of the judicial organs of the constitutional control in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Creation of the constitutional (charter) courts. System of organization of the power in the subjects of the Federation.
реферат [17,4 K], добавлен 07.01.2015Consideration of sovereignty as a basic constitutional principles of state law (for example, the countries - members of the Commonwealth of Independent States). Legislative support in Ukraine national development in the socio-cultural (spiritual) sphere.
реферат [20,1 K], добавлен 13.02.2015Understanding the science of constitutional law. Organization of state power and the main forms of activity of its bodies. The study of the constitutional foundations of the legal status of the citizen, local government. Research on municipal authorities.
реферат [15,3 K], добавлен 14.02.2015
