Role of artificial intelligence in public administration: main aspects

Размещено на http://www.allbest.ru

Role of artificial intelligence in public administration: main aspects

T. Palamarchuk,

PhD in Public Administration, Associate Professor, Depute Director for Scientific Work, Associate Professor of the Department of European Integration Policy, Educational and Scientific Institute of Public Administration and Civil Service, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv

The article provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving role of artificial intelligence (AI) within the realm of public administration. It delineates how AI, characterized by advanced algorithms and machine learning techniques, is fundamentally reshaping decision-making processes, service delivery mechanisms, and resource allocation strategies within government agencies. The article adeptly highlights the multifaceted benefits of integrating AI into public administration, including its capacity to analyze vast datasets rapidly and accurately, thus facilitating data-driven decision-making and policy formulation. Moreover, it underscores how AI automates routine administrative tasks, thereby optimizing operational efficiency and enabling public servants to focus on higher-value activities. Furthermore, the research astutely recognizes the attendant challenges of AI implementation in the public sector, such as issues of trust, ethical concerns, and regulatory ambiguity. It underscores the necessity for a methodological framework to ensure the effective and ethical utilization of AI in decision-making processes at all levels of public governance. Drawing upon recent research and publications, the article substantiates its insights with scholarly perspectives, elucidating the theoretical foundations of AI and its implications for public service transformation. Additionally, it underscores the imperative for governments to understand the dynamic interplay between AI advancements and contemporary challenges faced by civil servants, while simultaneously exploring AI- based tools as potential solutions. In essence, the article sets a robust foundation for the subsequent exploration of the article's main aspects, positioning AI as a transformative force with the potential to revolutionize public administration, albeit amidst a landscape fraught with challenges and ethical considerations.

The article examines also the role of artificial intelligence in public administration, emphasizing its capacity to analyze data, streamline processes, and enhance efficiency. It acknowledges the importance of thoughtful implementation, training, and monitoring for AI success, while also highlighting the need to address ethical and privacy concerns. Furthermore, it underscores the regulatory framework necessary to govern AI use in public administration, emphasizing the roles of governments, organizations, and regulatory bodies. The article concludes by envisioning a bright future for AI in public administration, foreseeing its continued integration and evolution as a key tool for governance and development.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence (AI), Public administration, Decision-making processes, Public Service Transformation, Knowledge Management; Data Management

artificial intelligence public administration

Т. П. Паламарчук,

к. держ.упр., доцент, заступник директора з наукової роботи, доцент кафедри євроінтеграційної політики, Навчально-науковий інститут публічного управління та державної служби, Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка

РОЛЬ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ В ПУБЛІЧНОМУ УПРАВЛІННІ: ОСНОВНІ АСПЕКТИ

Стаття присвячена вичерпному дослідженню еволюції ролі штучного інтелекту (ШІ) у сфері публічного управління. Детально проаналізовано, як штучний інтелект, що характеризується вдосконаленими алгоритмами та методами машинного навчання, фундаментально змінює процеси прийняття рішень, механізми надання послуг і стратегії розподілу ресурсів у державних установах. У статті акцентується увага на багатогранні переваги інтеграції штучного інтелекту в публічне управління, включаючи його здатність швидко й точно аналізувати величезні набори даних, таким чином полегшуючи прийняття рішень на основі даних і формулювання політики. Крім того, це підкреслює, як штучний інтелект автоматизує звичайні адміністративні завдання, тим самим оптимізуючи операційну ефективність і дозволяючи державним службовцям зосередитися на діяльності, яка є найбільш затребуваною. Крім того, в статті чітко визнаються супутні проблеми впровадження штучного інтелекту в державному секторі, такі як питання довіри, етичні проблеми та нормативна неоднозначність. Це підкреслює необхідність створення методологічної основи для забезпечення ефективного та етичного використання ШІ в процесах прийняття рішень на всіх рівнях державного управління. Спираючись на останні дослідження та публікації, дане дослідження обґрунтовує свої ідеї науковими перспективами, з'ясовуючи теоретичні основи штучного інтелекту та його наслідки для трансформації державної служби. Крім того, це підкреслює необхідність для урядів розуміти динамічну взаємодію між досягненнями ШІ та сучасними проблемами, з якими стикаються державні службовці, одночасно досліджуючи інструменти на основі ШІяк потенційні рішення. По суті, стаття закладає надійну основу для подальшого дослідження основних аспектів дослідження, позиціонуючи штучний інтелект як трансформаційну силу з потенціалом революціонізації публічного управління, хоча й у середовищі, повному викликів і етичних міркувань.

У статті також розглядається роль штучного інтелекту в публічному управлінні та наголошується на його спроможності аналізувати дані, оптимізувати процеси та підвищувати ефективність. Зазначено важливість продуманого впровадження, навчання та моніторингу для успіху штучного інтелекту, а також наголошується на необхідності вирішення проблем етики та конфіденційності. Крім того, встановлено нормативно-правову базу, необхідну для регулювання використання штучного інтелекту в публічному управлінні, наголошуючи на ролі урядів, організацій і регуляторних органів. В результаті дослідження сформовано бачення про розвиток майбутнього для ШІ в публічному управлінні, передбачаючи його подальшу інтеграцію та еволюцію як ключового інструменту управління та розвитку.

Ключові слова: штучний інтелект (ШІ), державне управління, процеси прийняття рішень, трансформація державних послуг, управління знаннями; управління даними

Formulation of the problem. Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing various industries, including the public sector. In public administration, AI refers to the use of advanced algorithms and machine learning techniques to enhance decisionmaking processes, improve service delivery, and optimize resource allocation. By harnessing the power of AI systems, government agencies and organizations can streamline operations, enhance efficiency, and ultimately deliver better outcomes for the public.

The integration of AI in public administration offers several key benefits. Firstly, AI systems can analyze large amounts of data quickly and accurately, enabling policymakers and public servants to make informed decisions based on data-driven insights. This data-driven approach helps government agencies identify trends, patterns, and potential solutions to complex problems.

AI also improves the delivery of public services. By automating routine tasks and processes, AI frees up human resources, allowing public servants to focus on more value-added activities such as personalized citizen support, policy formulation, and strategic planning. AI-powered chatbots, for example, can provide instant responses to citizens' queries, ensuring a timely and efficient customer service experience.

Furthermore, AI empowers government agencies in predictive analysis and early intervention. Machine learning algorithms can predict trends, anticipate future needs, and identify potential risks, enabling proactive measures to be taken. This is particularly valuable in areas such as law enforcement, where AI can aid in predicting criminal activities and allocating resources accordingly.

Lack of trust in artificial intelligence as the most restraining factor of the dynamic growth of technology along with fear of threats to human rights, asymmetric application of algorithms in decision-making and legal uncertainty. The formation of a methodological complex to ensure the verification of effective decision-making on the basis of data will allow, when creating and implementing one or another decision - making model, to carry out its testing and evaluation of its effectiveness in accordance with key postulates and in accordance with prioritized goals. It is essential for public governance and administration to understand the impact of war on the challenges faced by civil servants and local government officials and the possibility of using AI-based tools to overcome or minimize them. These arguments point to the lack of a proper comprehensive approach to improving an effective artificial intelligence system in the processes of making management decisions at all levels for territorial recovery and development.

Analysis of recent research and publications. For understanding the features of the concept of artificial intelligence, its theoretical sources are of great importance. Artificial intelligence was studied by such scientists as H. Ash, H. Mer [64]; J. Weyerer, B. Wirtz, C. Geyer [66]; S. Ash, S. Lin, T. Shanafelt [67]; H. Kouziokas, K. Perakis [69];

Researchers pay attention to the fact that management decisions made on the basis of reliable and relevant data are those that require less resources for justification, especially in the information society, which is characterized by an excess of often contradictory information.

Some scientists have explored the relationship between AI and public service transformation in the context of achieving public value. They note that "transformation" has become an integral part of the e-government discourse. By transformation, researchers understand not just changes, but a radical impact on processes and even on social values. At the same time, scientists come to the conclusion, which is a warning for supporters of transformational processes using AI as self-value, that transformation does not always mean transformation for the better, but can also lead to negative consequences [3].

The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive examination of the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in public administration, highlighting its main aspects and implications. By exploring how AI is reshaping various facets of public administration, including decision-making processes, service delivery, resource allocation, and citizen engagement, the article aims to elucidate the opportunities, challenges, and potential benefits associated with the integration of AI technologies in governmental contexts.

Presentation of the main research material. While the integration of AI in public administration presents immense opportunities, it also raises important ethical considerations and challenges. One significant concern is the proper governance and regulation of AI systems to ensure transparency, accountability, and fairness. The collection and use of personal information by AI algorithms should be compliant with data protection laws, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

Another challenge is the potential impact on employment. As AI systems automate routine tasks, there may be concerns about job displacement. However, it is important to note that AI is not meant to replace humans but rather to augment their capabilities. A well-designed AI strategy should focus on reskilling and upskilling the workforce to adapt to technological advancements.

Government agencies are rapidly embracing the use of AI systems to enhance their operations and improve the delivery of public services. The integration of artificial intelligence technologies in the public sector holds the potential for significant advancements in efficiency, effectiveness, and decision-making processes. It is necessary to explore the various ways in which AI systems are being employed by government agencies and the implications for public management:

Enhancing Data Analysis and Decision-Making

AI systems, powered by machine learning algorithms, enable government agencies to analyze large amounts of data more efficiently and extract valuable insights. By leveraging AI models, data sets can be processed at unprecedented speeds, enabling policymakers to make informed decisions based on accurate and up -to-date information. For instance, an AI algorithm can quickly identify patterns in crime data, helping law enforcement agencies identify high-risk areas and allocate resources accordingly. The implementation of AI systems allows government agencies to harness the power of advanced analytics and improve decision-making processes.

Streamlining Administrative Processes

The automation capabilities of AI systems have the potential to revolutionize administrative processes within government organizations. By implementing AI - powered chatbots and virtual assistants, routine tasks such as answering citizen queries, processing paperwork, and handling basic service requests can be handled more efficiently, freeing up human employees to focus on more complex and strategic tasks. This not only improves the overall efficiency of public services but also enhances citizen satisfaction.

Enhancing Policy Formulation and Implementation

AI systems also play a crucial role in policy formulation and implementation within government agencies. By analyzing vast amounts of data, AI tools can provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of existing policies and help identify areas for improvement. Additionally, AI algorithms can simulate various scenarios and predict the potential outcomes of different policy interventions, enabling policymakers to make more informed decisions and develop evidence-based strategies.

Ensuring Ethical and Responsible AI Governance

The adoption of AI in government agencies brings about a unique set of challenges, particularly in terms of ethics and privacy. As AI systems handle sensitive data, there is a need for robust legal frameworks and regulations to protect citizens' rights and ensure data privacy. Government organizations must establish clear guidelines and principles for the responsible use of AI technology, ensuring transparency, fairness, and accountability in decision-making processes.

The transformational impact of AI, the intensity, duration and results of the impact on public administration and social processes will directly depend on how AI will be built and developed. Researchers [249] determine that one of the key transformative directions of AI can be its use for research, including in public administration, and point to 3 key stages. (1) AI model preparation stage, (2) AI use in the research initiation stage, and (3) AI use in the data analysis stage.

In recent years, the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public administration processes has gained significant attention. AI systems have the potential to revolutionize the way government agencies operate and deliver services to the public. That is why it is important to pay attention to the various ways in which AI is impacting public administration processes, from enhancing efficiency to improving decision - making. AI algorithms can automate repetitive administrative tasks, freeing up valuable time for public sector employees to focus on more complex projects. With the ability to process and analyze large amounts of data, AI systems can quickly generate reports, manage data collection, and streamline bureaucratic processes. This not only improves efficiency but also reduces the risk of errors and enhances overall productivity within government organizations. The use of AI in public administration processes has the potential to greatly improve service delivery to the public. AI - powered chatbots and virtual assistants can provide immediate and personalized responses to citizen inquiries, reducing the need for manual intervention. This ensures round-the-clock accessibility and efficient handling of queries, leading to increased citizen satisfaction.

Also, AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data and identify patterns that may not be immediately evident to human decision-makers. This enables public administrators to make more informed and data-driven decisions. For example, AI models can predict demand for certain public services based on historical data, allowing government agencies to allocate resources more efficiently and effectively.

Nevertheless, AI technologies are being increasingly adopted by law enforcement agencies to improve crime prediction and prevention. Machine learning algorithms can analyze large datasets to identify suspicious patterns, detect potential threats, and streamline investigative processes. This not only aids in maintaining public safety but also optimizes resource allocation within law enforcement agencies.

Thus, the integration of AI in public administration processes has the potential to bring about significant improvements in efficiency, decision -making, and service delivery. It streamlines administrative tasks, enhances service delivery through AI - powered chatbots, improves decision-making through data analysis, and strengthens law enforcement efforts.

For a more detailed understanding of the role of artificial intelligence in the development of the public administration system in the conditions of modern challenges, it is necessary to pay attention to the problems and advantages of the implementation of artificial intelligence in the public sector.

Implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sector presents both challenges and considerable benefits. As government agencies and public service organizations begin to explore the use of AI systems, they encounter unique hurdles that need to be addressed for successful implementation. At the same time, the potential advantages of leveraging AI technology in the public sector are vast and promising.

One major challenge faced in the implementation of AI in the public sector is the knowledge and expertise gap. Public administrators and government officials may not have a deep understanding of AI, its capabilities, and how it can be effectively utilized. Bridging this gap requires investing in training programs and workshops to equip public sector employees with the necessary skills to leverage AI tools and technologies.

Ethical and legal implications are another significant challenge when implementing AI in the public sector. Privacy concerns, the protection of personal information, and potential biases in AI algorithms can all pose significant barriers. Public administrators must navigate a complex web of regulations, including the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and human rights laws, to ensure that AI systems adhere to legal frameworks while upholding ethical standards. The availability and quality of data can present challenges in implementing AI in the public sector. Government agencies often handle large volumes of data, but it may be fragmented across different departments or in varying formats, making it difficult for AI algorithms to effectively analyze and derive insights. Ensuring data access, standardization, and quality becomes crucial in harnessing the power of AI.

One of the notable benefits of implementing AI in the public sector is enhanced decision-making and increased operational efficiency. AI algorithms can process vast amounts of data and provide valuable insights, enabling government organizations to make data-driven decisions quickly. This efficiency translates into streamlined operations, optimized resource allocation, and improved service delivery for citizens. AI can help government organizations achieve significant cost savings. By automating repetitive and time-consuming tasks, AI systems can free up human resources, allowing them to focus on more complex and critical matters. Additionally, AI -driven predictive analytics can help identify potential cost-saving opportunities, such as optimizing resource allocation or reducing inefficiencies in processes.

It is also important to determine the specifics of AI management and regulation in public administration. AI governance and regulations play a crucial role in the successful implementation of artificial intelligence in the public administration sector. As the use of AI becomes more prevalent, it is essential to establish frameworks and guidelines to ensure ethical and responsible use of AI systems within government agencies and organizations. One of the main challenges in AI governance is establishing accountability and transparency. Government organizations must define clear lines of responsibility for the implementation and operation of AI systems. This includes identifying key decision-makers and ensuring that there is proper oversight and monitoring of AI algorithms and models used in public administration processes.

To achieve transparency, public sector agencies need to document the design, development, and training processes of AI systems. This includes making the decisionmaking criteria and data sources used in AI models accessible to the public to foster trust and confidence. When using AI in public administration, it is crucial to prioritize and protect human rights and privacy. Many AI systems deal with large amounts of data, including personal information. Therefore, it is essential to have a robust legal framework in place to govern the collection, storage, and use of personal data in accordance with regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the United States.

Government agencies must ensure that AI systems are designed and implemented in a manner that respects individuals' privacy rights. This involves implementing data protection measures, anonymizing data whenever possible, and obtaining informed consent for the collection and use of personal information. The complexity of AI systems requires the establishment of comprehensive regulatory frameworks. These frameworks should address the fundamental challenges associated with AI's use in the public sector, including fairness, accountability, and transparency. They should also consider the specific elements of public management and the unique challenges it presents.

Regulations should address issues such as bias in AI algorithms, the explainability of AI decision-making processes, and the potential impact on marginalized or disadvantaged communities. Additionally, regulatory frameworks should outline the roles and responsibilities of government organizations, outline procedures for auditing and evaluating AI systems, and provide guidelines for managing risks associated with AI implementation. Thus, achieving effective AI governance in public administration requires close collaboration between government agencies, the private sector, and other relevant stakeholders.

Conclusions and recommendations

In conclusion, by analyzing massive amounts of data, AI tools are helping public administrators make more informed decisions, streamline processes, and improve the overall efficiency of public services. From predictive modeling to natural language processing, AI is transforming how we approach public administration. However, it is important to remember that AI is not a magic solution. It requires thoughtful implementation, proper training, and continuous

monitoring to ensure its success. Public administrators must also address concerns regarding ethics, privacy, and accountability when using AI tools in decision-making processes. As we move forward in this digital era, embracing the potential of artificial intelligence in public administration opens doors to unprecedented possibilities.

AI in public administration is governed and regulated through a combination of policies, laws, and ethical guidelines. Governments and organizations are responsible for ensuring that AI is used responsibly and ethically in public administration processes. This includes setting guidelines for data privacy, transparency, and accountability in AI decision-making. Additionally, regulatory bodies may be established to monitor and oversee the use of AI in public administration, ensuring that it is used in the best interest of the public. The future of AI in public administration is bright and full of possibilities. With the advancement of technology, AI tools will continue to play a significant role in streamlining and improving processes in public administration. This includes tasks such as data analysis, decision-making, and resource allocation. AI can also assist in the restoration and development of territories by identifying patterns and trends, predicting potential issues, and providing solutions. As AI continues to evolve, it will become an integral part of public administration, allowing for more efficient and effective governance.

As a result of the research, it was concluded that artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly important role in public administration system. It has the potential to improve efficiency and effectiveness in decision -making, resource allocation, and service delivery. AI can also support the restoration and development of territories by analyzing data, identifying patterns and trends, and providing insights for strategic planning. Some tools for implementing AI in public administration include machine learning, natural language processing, and predictive analytics. Overall, AI can help governments make more informed and data-driven decisions to better serve their citizens. The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sector presents both challenges and benefits. Some of the challenges include concerns about data privacy, ethical considerations, and the need for specialized training for government employees. However, the benefits of AI in the public sector include increased efficiency and cost savings, improved decision-making and service delivery, and the potential to address complex societal issues. Additionally, AI can help governments better understand and engage with their citizens, leading to more responsive and inclusive policies. Overall, the use of AI in public administration has the potential to greatly improve the delivery of services and the overall functioning of governments.

Literature

Mehr H., Ash H., Fellow D. Artificial intelligence for citizen services and government. Book Artificial intelligence for citizen services and government. Editor. Ash Center for Democratic Governance and Innovation, 2017. C. 1-12.

Wirtz B. W., Weyerer J. C., Geyer C. Artificial Intelligence and the Public Sector-Applications and Challenges. International Journal of Public Administration. 2019. T. 42, № 7. C. 596-615.

Lin S. Y., Shanafelt T. D., Asch S. M. Reimagining Clinical

Documentation With Artificial Intelligence. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 2018. T. 93, №C. 563-565.

https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=HRCA&u=googlescholar&id=GALE|A542967926&v =2.1&it=r&sid=googleScholar&asid=b3f28a54

Kouziokas G. N., Perakis K. Decision Support System Based on Artificial Intelligence, GIS and Remote Sensing for Sustainable Public and Judicial Management. European Journal of Sustainable Development. 2017. № 3. C. 397-404. https://ecsdev.org/ojs/index.php/ejsd/article/view/530

Bannister, F., & Connolly, R. (2014). ICT, public values and

transformative government: A framework and programme for research [Article]. Government Information Quarterly, 31(1), 119-128.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0740624X13001184

Burger, B., Kanbach, D. K., Kraus, S., Breier, M., & Corvello, V. (2023). On the use of AI-based tools like ChatGPT to support management research [Article].

European Journal of Innovation Management, 26(7), 233-241.

https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-02-2023-0156

References

Mehr, H., Ash, H. and Fellow, D. (2017), “Artificial intelligence for

citizen services and government”, Book Artificial intelligence for citizen services and government, Democratic Governance and Innovation, pp. 1-12.

Wirtz, B. W., Weyerer, J. C. and Geyer, C. (2019), “Artificial Intelligence and the Public Sector-Applications and Challenges”, International Journal of Public Administration, vol. 42, no. 7, pp. 596-615.

Lin, S. Y., Shanafelt, T. D. and Asch, S. M. (2018), “Reimagining Clinical

Documentation With Artificial Intelligence”, Mayo Clinic Proceedings, vol. 93, no. 5, pp.563-565, available at:

https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?p=HRCA&u=googlescholar&id=GALE|A542967926&v =2.1&it=r&sid=googleScholar&asid=b3f28a54 (Accessed 05 Feb 2024).

Kouziokas, G. N. and Perakis, K. (2017), “Decision Support System Based on Artificial Intelligence, GIS and Remote Sensing for Sustainable Public and Judicial Management”, European Journal of Sustainable Development, vol. 3, pp. 397404, available at: https://ecsdev.org/ojs/index.php/ejsd/article/view/530 (Accessed 05 Feb 2024)

Bannister, F., & Connolly, R. (2014), “ICT, public values and

transformative government: A framework and programme for research”, Government Information Quarterly, vol. 31(1), pp. 119-128, available at:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0740624X13001184 (Accessed 05 Feb 2024)

Burger, B., Kanbach, D. K., Kraus, S., Breier, M., & Corvello, V. (2023),

“On the use of AI-based tools like ChatGPT to support management research ”, European Journal of Innovation Management, vol. 26(7), pp. 233-241.

Размещено на Allbest.ru