Public participation in ensuring the economic security of Ukraine

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Public participation in ensuring the economic security of Ukraine

Platukhin Oleksandr Georgiyovych postgraduate student of the Research Institute of State Construction and Local Self-Government, National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv

Abstract

The publication is dedicated to researching the forms of public participation in ensuring the economic security of Ukraine. One of the key prerequisites for the development of the state is the establishment of bilateral relations between the public and the state. Therefore, this study analyzed the peculiarities of legal support for the interaction of the state and civil society in ensuring economic security, determined the legal possibilities of the public, the prospects for the interaction of civil society and state authorities.

The dual nature of interaction between state authorities and public associations is indicated. The state, controlling the activities of public associations in the process of ensuring environmental security, aims to prevent and neutralize negative, destructive influence on its system, prevent and eliminate threats to economic security from the side of public associations. At the same time, the state involves public entities in effective, constructive interaction in the economic and other related spheres of security and public administration. Public associations are also entrusted with the function of monitoring the activities of state bodies. The main legal capabilities of public associations in the field of ensuring the environmental security of the state are defined: implementation of public control over the activities of subjects of the system of ensuring economic security; establishment and implementation of interaction with state authorities through appeals, statements, petitions, complaints, receiving public information, proposals and comments regarding activities and draft acts of regulatory support; examinations of normative acts; participation in the work of advisory, advisory and other auxiliary bodies in the specified and related areas; holding peaceful meetings; monitoring, detection and prevention of dangers and threats to economic security, analysis of strategies and ways to solve existing problems, development of recommendations, etc. It was concluded that, given the variety of forms of public participation in Ukraine in decision-making processes related to ensuring economic security, increasing the effectiveness of each of them depends on the following main factors: legislative regulation at the national and local levels; creation by the state of appropriate conditions for informing the public about relevant mechanisms; legal literacy of the public regarding the use of the appropriate mechanism and regarding their opportunities to participate in solving the economic issues of the state.

Keywords: national security, economic security, public, public associations, globalization, legislation, interaction.

Анотація

public participation economic security

Платухін Олександр Георгійович аспірант Науково-дослідного інституту державного будівництва та місцевого самоврядування, Національна академія правових наук України, м. Харків

УЧАСТЬ ГРОМАДСЬКОСТІ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ

Публікація присвячена дослідженню форм участі громадськості в забезпеченні економічної безпеки України. Однією із ключових передумов розвитку держави є становлення паритерних відносин між громадськістю та державою. Тому в даному дослідженні проаналізовано особливості правового забезпечення взаємодії держави та громадянського суспільства у забезпеченні економічної безпеки, визначено правові можливості громадськості, перспективи взаємодії громадського суспільства та органів державної влади.

Вказано на подвійну природу взаємодії органів державної влади й громадських об'єднань. Держава, контролюючи діяльність громадських об'єднань в процесі забезпечення еколоічної безпеки, має на меті недопущення й нейтралізацію негативного, деструктивного впливу на її систему, попередження й усунення загроз економічній безпеці з боку громадських об'єднань. Водночас, держава залучає громадські утворення до ефективної, конструктивної взаємодії в економічній та інших дотичних сферах безпеки й державного управління. Громадські об'єднання також наділені функцією контролю за діяльністю державних органів. Визначено основні правові можливості громадських об'єднань у сфері забезпечення екологічної безпеки держави: здійснення громадського контролю за діяльністю суб'єктів системи забезпечення економічної безпеки; налагодження та реалізація взаємодії з органами державної влади шляхом звернень, заяв, клопотань, скарг, одержання публічної інформації, пропозицій та зауважень щодо діяльності та проектів актів нормативного забезпечення; експертизи нормативних актів; участі в роботі консультативних, дорадчих та інших допоміжних органів у зазначеній та дотичних сферах; проведення мирних зібрань; моніторинг, виявлення і попередження небезпек і загроз економічній безпеці, аналіз стратегій і шляхів вирішення наявних проблем, розробка рекомендацій та ін. Зроблено висновок, що з огляду на різноманітність в Україні форм участі громадськості в процесах прийняття рішень, пов'язаних із забезпеченням економічної безпеки, підвищення ефективності кожної з них залежить від таких основних чинників: законодавче унормування на загальнодержавному та місцевому рівнях; створення державою належних умов для поінформованості громадськості щодо відповідних механізмів; правова грамотність громадськості щодо використання відповідного механізму та щодо своїх можливостей участі у вирішенні економічних питань держави.

Ключові слова: національна безпека, економічна безпека, громадськість, громадські об'єднання, глобалізація, законодавство, взаємодія.

Formulation of the problem

he national security of the country is a complex system, in the structure of which it is customary to distinguish economic, energy, information, food and other subtypes of national security [1, c. 10-11]. In the modern conditions of state formation, Ukraine faces a task of strategic importance - to ensure the appropriate level of economic security as one of the determining prerequisites for taking a worthy place in the world's civilizational progress [2, p. 109].

Modern processes taking place in the national and global economy force the state to form an effective policy to ensure economic security. Contradictory integration processes that affect the state's defense capability and competitiveness give even more importance to the creation of effective means of ensuring Ukraine's economic security [3, p. 274].

An integral feature of the modern leading democracies of the world is a developed "third sector" and a civil society built on its basis, which effectively interacts with the state and business in various directions of social and legal relations. Such interaction is considered particularly relevant in socially significant spheres of life, in particular, regarding the provision of economic security of Ukraine.

Historical experience proves that ensuring the economic security of the state is a matter not only of state authorities, but also of society in general and each citizen in particular. Citizens of Ukraine, public associations are the subjects of its provision, and a mature civil society and its democratic institutions play an important role in the protection and promotion of Ukraine's national interests. Ignoring by the authorities of socially useful initiatives, the absence of mechanisms for the participation of the public and public associations in the process of making fateful decisions lead to the stagnation of society, the growth of corruption, and create a threat to the democratic development of the country and its security.

In the post-war period, the Ukrainian government will face the problem of updating the Strategy of Economic Security of Ukraine for the period until 2025 and developing a strategy for the sustainable development of Ukraine's economy for the post-war period. Today, Ukraine does not have a clear and consolidated action plan in the field of recovery and further development of the economy in the post-war period. It is also important to ensure the political and social stability of Ukrainian society. The urgent task remains to increase the level of economic literacy of the population and improve legal education, taking into account the acceleration of Ukraine's integration into the European Union. It is also necessary to strengthen the fight against corruption and complete the reform of the judicial system.

This is far from a complete list of the economic problems that exist in Ukraine today. Their solution is impossible without the active involvement of the public in the corresponding state transformations. Under the conditions of the development of a democratic society, it is the institutions of civil society that play the role of a certain alternative to state power, cover a wide range of activities and are spread over the entire territory of the state. Their number is constantly increasing, their influence on society is also increasing, and sometimes they take over the performance of some separate functions of the government, while sometimes gaining even a higher level of trust among the population of Ukraine compared to state bodies and institutions [4, p. 41-42].

The mentioned circumstances actualize the study of issues of public participation in ensuring the economic security of Ukraine.

Analysis of recent research and publications. Scientific works of such domestic scientists are devoted to the theoretical and practical problems of ensuring national and economic security: Yu.P. Bityak, O.S. Vlasyuk, K.O. Vashchenko, T.O. Voytenko, O.S. Honcharuk, L.O. Yemets, Ya.A. Zhalilo, S.P. Zavhorodnya, V.A. Lipkan, M.I. Malyshko, M.M. Novikov, H.P. Sytnyk, V.F. Sirenko, Z.D. Chuyko, I.V. Yakoviyk and others.

These scientists actively researched the problems of protecting the national economy from various internal and external threats and challenges, analyzed the influence of the political situation on the state of the state's economic security, pointed out the gaps and shortcomings of legislative regulation and strategic planning of the state's economic development. At the same time, in today's conditions, certain issues of the participation of public associations in ensuring environmental security of Ukraine remain unresolved.

In the scientific article, we aim to clarify the role, place and opportunities of the public in ensuring economic security, to develop appropriate recommendations for strengthening economic stability and ensuring the economic interests of Ukraine.

Presenting main material

The system of state management of economic security means the purposeful, regulatory, coordinating, controlling and regulatory influence of state administration bodies and senior state officials on objects of economic security in order to ensure the realization of national interests in the economic sphere and ensure the economic development of society and the state [5, p. 83].

Internal and external (global) factors affect the structure and content of relevant state-management decisions in the context of ensuring economic security. In particular, among the factors of an internal nature, the following are distinguished: budget deficit, unemployment, growth in the volume of the "shadow economy", corruption, which lead to a decrease in the volume of production, political instability and social tension in society [6, p. 84]. At the same time, today the competitive struggle between states has largely shifted to the sphere of economy and technology. As a result, the main sign of the state's effectiveness in this direction is the achieved level of well-being of its citizens as a component of human security and, in general, society and the state.

Scientists rightly point out that the existing party-parliamentary mechanisms of power organization in Ukraine do not adequately serve the articulation and protection at the state level of the interests of various social strata and population groups, the full satisfaction of vital material, social, cultural, spiritual and other needs of citizens, the creation of safe conditions of their life, which poses a threat to representative democracy and state sovereignty [7, p. 44].

State bodies as subjects of the national security system are limited by the goals and functions assigned to them in accordance with the law and have a significant arsenal of forceful means of solving problems, which sometimes leads to an unbalanced application of these methods along with other non-forceful methods and giving priority to the first. Under such conditions, the civil society itself must create a multi-level and multifunctional infrastructure, where the non-state security system must be considered as one that organically complements the state one, is an equal and efficient system. It is necessary to achieve a reasonable balance of state and nonstate systems, which is a significant prerequisite for the development and effective functioning of the entire system of national security and environmental security in particular. The activities of non-governmental organizations create an opportunity for every citizen to influence the processes taking place in the state. Due to the unique position of non-governmental organizations (being outside the state and commercial sectors; mainly a small number of participants; closer connection with the population at the place of residence; organizational flexibility, etc.), they have become a powerful factor of influence on the socio-political process in the country.

We believe that the effectiveness of civil society institutions in the control of power structures is a sign of real democracy and serves as a ticket to the entry of the state into the Euro-Atlantic security space, because for the member states of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, it is the effectiveness of public control over power structures that serves as an indicator of sustainable democratic development of the state.

First of all, we note that according to Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On Public Associations", a public association is defined as a voluntary association of individuals and/or legal entities under private law for the exercise and protection of rights and freedoms, satisfaction of public, in particular, economic, social, cultural, environmental, and other interests [8].

According to Art. Art. 36-37 of the Constitution of Ukraine, citizens of Ukraine have the right to freedom of association in public organizations for the exercise and protection of their rights and freedoms and the satisfaction of political, economic, social, cultural and other interests, with the exception of restrictions established by law in the interests of national security and public order, public health protection or protection of the rights and freedoms of other people. At the same time, the formation and activity of public organizations whose program goals or actions are aimed at eliminating the independence of Ukraine, changing the constitutional order by violent means, violating the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the state, undermining its security, illegally seizing state power, promoting war, violence, inciting inter-ethnic , racial, religious enmity, encroachment on human rights and freedoms, health are prohibited [9].

In general, the rights of public associations are contained in Art. 21 of the Law of Ukraine "On Public Associations", in particular, the following: freely disseminate information about their activities, promote their goal (goals); apply to state authorities, authorities of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, local selfgovernment bodies, their officials and employees with proposals (remarks), statements (petitions), complaints in accordance with the procedure established by law; to receive public information in the possession of subjects of authority, other managers of public information, in accordance with the procedure established by law; to participate, in accordance with the procedure established by legislation, in the development of draft legal acts issued by state authorities, local self-government bodies and related to the sphere of activity of the public association and important issues of state and public life; to hold peaceful assemblies; 6) exercise other rights not prohibited by law [8].

Also, a public association with the status of a legal entity has the following rights: to be a participant in civil legal relations, to acquire property and non-property rights in accordance with the law; to carry out business activities in accordance with the law directly, if this is provided for by the charter of the public association, or through legal entities created in accordance with the law, if such activity corresponds to the purpose of the public association and contributes to its achievement; participate in the implementation of state regulatory policy; to participate in the procedure established by the law in the work of consultative, advisory and other auxiliary bodies formed by state authorities, authorities of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, local self-government bodies to conduct consultations with public associations and prepare recommendations on issues related to the sphere their activities [8], etc.

In the aspect of ensuring economic security, according to the content of Art. 10 of the Law of Ukraine "On the participation of citizens in the protection of public order and the state border", among other things, public formations for the protection of public order and the state border and their members have the following rights: take joint measures with the police to stop administrative offenses and crimes; to represent and protect the interests of its members in state bodies and enterprises, institutions, organizations, educational institutions; to submit proposals to state authorities, local self-government bodies, enterprises, institutions and organizations, regardless of the forms of ownership, regarding the prevention of administrative offenses and crimes, the emergence of causes and conditions that contribute to their commission; to maintain relations with relevant public organizations of other countries in order to exchange work experience and others [10].

In turn, state and local self-government bodies can, on their own initiative, involve public associations in the process of forming and implementing state policy, solving issues of local importance, in particular, by conducting consultations with public associations regarding important issues of state and social life, developing relevant projects of normative legal acts, formation of consultative, advisory and other auxiliary bodies at state authorities, local self-government, in the work of which representatives of public associations participate [8].

Analyzing the provisions of the Concept of the Development of the Security and Defense Sector of Ukraine" dated March 14, 2016 No. 92/2016, S.V. Chumachenko notes that in Ukraine, among the forms of participation of public associations in the formation and implementation of state national security policy, the most effective were: influence on the development and adoption of power decisions, regulatory and legal support for the control of civil institutions in the field of security and defense, participation in the election process and other forms of direct democracy [11, p. 14-15].

From the point of view of the conceptual foundations for ensuring national security, not only the presence of a detailed and developed system of legislation is essential, but also the level of development of the legal system, important components of which are the degree of compliance of functioning legal norms with legal awareness and legal understanding of citizens. The problem of ensuring environmental safety cannot be solved with a low level of legal culture of citizens and representatives of state authorities, and the absence of a tradition of the rule of law. The implementation of the main principles and provisions of the economic security policy is impossible without a developed civil society, which acts as an auxiliary, pushing force to ensure economic security.

The overall success of ensuring Ukraine's economic security depends on a comprehensive approach combining legal, institutional and political measures. Proactive cooperation between the government, the public, the business sector and international partners is a key element in successfully solving economic challenges. Sustainable economic security of Ukraine can be achieved only by implementing effective legal measures and ensuring their implementation. This requires decisive actions and joint efforts of all interested parties to ensure the rule of law, fight corruption and create favorable conditions for the development of the country's economy [3, p. 276]. The public plays an important role in solving these issues.

The information presented in the article makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the dual nature of the interaction between state authorities and public associations. The modern state involves the public in constructive interaction in the sphere of economic security and public administration. At the same time, public associations have the right to exercise control over the activities of state authorities through appeals, statements, petitions, complaints, receiving public information, making proposals and comments on the activities and projects of regulatory acts, their expertise, and may be involved in countering crime in the field of management, etc.

Involvement of citizens in solving matters of local and state importance is mutually beneficial. With the help of public participation, more effective and effective decisions can be made thanks to a deeper and broader understanding of problems and issues. An established process of citizen involvement encourages individuals and groups to participate more actively in community affairs, thereby spreading responsibility and accountability for what happens in the community to an even greater number of citizens. The inclusion of citizens in the decision-making process, especially those who will be directly affected by the adopted issues or programs, increases mutual understanding, minimizes conflicts and creates conditions for a broad social consensus in decision-making [12, p. 96].

Conclusions

So, we come to a conclusion about the dual nature of the interaction between state authorities and public associations. First, the state, controlling the activities of public associations in the process of ensuring environmental security, aims to prevent and neutralize negative, destructive influence on its system, prevent and eliminate threats to economic security from the side of public associations. At the same time, the state involves public entities in effective, constructive interaction in the economic and other related spheres of security and public administration. Public associations are also entrusted with the function of monitoring the activities of state bodies.

The main legal capabilities of public associations in the field of ensuring the environmental security of the state are: implementation of public control over the activities of the subjects of the system of ensuring economic security; establishment and implementation of interaction with state authorities through appeals, statements, petitions, complaints, receiving public information, proposals and comments regarding activities and draft acts of regulatory support; examination of regulatory acts; participation in the work of advisory, advisory and other auxiliary bodies in the specified and related areas; holding peaceful meetings; monitoring, detection and prevention of dangers and threats to economic security, analysis of strategies and ways to solve existing problems, development of recommendations; involvement of the public in the discussion of the problem and the direct process of ensuring economic security; implementation of the protection of the rights and freedoms of public associations and their members, etc.

Given the variety of forms of public participation in decision-making processes related to ensuring economic security in Ukraine, increasing the effectiveness of each of them depends on the following main factors: legislative regulation at the national and local levels; creation by the state of appropriate conditions for informing the public about relevant mechanisms; legal literacy of the public regarding the use of the appropriate mechanism and regarding their opportunities to participate in solving the economic issues of the state.

References