Фольклористична думка в Галичині 20-30 років ХХ століття (К. Сосенко, Ф. Колесса, І. Свєнціцький)

Перші дослідження похоронних голосінь у Галичині (Іларіон Свєнціцький) // Матеріали міжнародних науково-практичних читань "Українське народознавство: стан і перспективи розвитку на зламі віків", присвячених пам'яті українського фольклориста Михайла Пазяка. К., 2002. С. 129-131.

Анотація

Шутак О.С. Фольклористична думка в Галичині 20-30 років ХХ століття (К.Сосенко, Ф.Колесса, І.Свєнціцький). - Рукопис.

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата філологічних наук за спеціальністю 10.01.07 - фольклористика. - Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, Львів, 2003.

Дисертація є першим комплексним дослідженням фольклористичної думки в Галичині 20-30 рр. ХХ ст., яка репрезентована працями К.Сосенка, Ф.Колесси, І.Свєнціцького. Відзначено високий рівень західноукраїнських учених в аналізі українського фольклору, які у своїх розвідках спиралися не лише на досягнення української фольклористики, а й використовували досвід західноєвропейської наукової думки. Особливу увагу звернено на методологію вивчення усної словесності К.Сосенка, Ф.Колесси й І.Свєнціцького, приналежність дослідників до українських та зарубіжних фольклористичних шкіл.

Ключові слова: історія української фольклористики, фольклористична думка, школа, метод, методологія, адепти.

Summary

Shutak O.S. The folkloristic studies in Halychyna in 1920s-1930s (K.Sosenko, F.Kolessa and I.Svientsitskyi). ? Manuscript.

A thesis for the Scholarly Degree of Candidate of Philology in Speciality 10.01.07. - Folkloristic Studies. - The Ivan Franko National University, Lviv, 2003.

The thesis is the first attempt in the Ukrainian folkloristic science to research the folkloristic studies in 1920s-1930s in Halychyna, the prominent scholars of the time being K.Sosenko, F.Kolessa and I.Svientsitskyi. The period under consideration is one of the least investigated stages of the history of Ukrainian folkloristic science, hence their topicality. We performed not merely an isolated survey of the folkloristic studies in Halychyna of 1920s-1930s, but combined it with the overview of the folkloristic studies in the Eastern Ukraine of that time with a digression into the Ukrainian science of oral tradition of the past, thus establishing continuity in the native folkloristic tradition.

Therefore, we came to a conclusion that the folkloristic studies in Halychyna of 1920s-1930s is most vividly characterized by the scholarly theoretical works of K.Sosenko, F.Kolessa and I.Svientsitskyi.

The first chapter ? "Viennese cultural and historical school on the Ukrainian ground (Ksenofont Sosenko)" ? dedicated to the folkloristic accomplishments of K.Sosenko, the only representative of the Austrian ethnological circle in Ukraine; he made an effort to implement their methods in the Ukrainian science. However, specific oral tradition of Ukraine caused K.Sosenko's theory of cultural circles to be employed with some modifications. The scholar, in particular, was analyzing the Ukrainian folklore with the application of mythological theory and historical-comparative method with the elements of etymological reconstructions. Comparative analysis as part of the system of K.Sosenko's methodological principles was not reduced merely to tracing out the influences, but implied drawing analogies or, in current terms, typological comparison, which help the scholar to ascertain similarities of phenomena, as well as their national specificity. For the first after O.Potebnia, K.Sosenko made an attempt to interpret mythology and world outlook of the Ukrainians and furthered a number of interesting hypotheses concerning astral symbols, cult of tribe ancestors or of mythical leader, etc. Aiming at the assertion of uniqueness and distinctiveness of the Ukrainian folklore, the scholar resorted to comparison of mythological systems of a number of peoples inhabiting the world.

K.Sosenko did not manage to resolve all the problems raised in his work with sufficient justification (his research is not deprived of imprecision and forced argumentation, in particular, when it comes to interpreting moon, paradise tree as a transformed idea of supreme entity), which was caused by the methods of research and difficulty of folklore symbolism as such. Nevertheless, there can be no doubt that he displayed the antiquity of the Ukrainian oral tradition in all its genotypes influenced by temporal factors. K.Sosenko's works are profound scientific research, the level of which was unattainable for numbers of his contemporaries.

The most outstanding scholar of 1920s-1930s in Halychyna was F.Kolessa, whose scientific work is considered in the second chapter of the thesis - "Complex scientific and methodological approach in the analysis of folk poetry (Filaret Kolessa)". We referred the scholar to no specific folkloristic school. Our conclusion is that F.Kolessa was not limited in choosing research methods in studying folklore, at that he was cautious in proportionate application of cultural-historical ("historical" in his terms), historical-comparative methods and plot emergence theory.

The scholar essentially contributed to the Ukrainian folkloristic science, inasmuch he employed the analysis of rhythm and melody to definitively justify the adherence of the Ukrainian folk dumas to a specific genre, he also traced their genesis from folk wailing. In his theoretical surveys, F.Kolessa was among those who first provided a definition of the folklore science, drew attention to the role of individual and collective background of folklore formation and singled out two principal poetic forms in the Ukrainian folklore system (free recitative and syllabo-numeric syllabic verse), which he referred to purely national forms. The scholar published the first manual in the Ukrainian folklore "Oral folklore" (1938), included therein a large number of folk poetry, and provided an explicit scientific comments. The results of F. Kolessa's studies complied with the achievements of world folklore science, and was even ahead in the science of music.

The third of the thesis - "From the plots emergence theory to historical-comparative method (Ilarion Svientsitskyi)" is dedicated to the analysis of folkloristic studies of I. Svientsitskyi, in particular his research of wailing and Christmas lore.

The scholar's research of folk wailing were the first attempts of investigating this folklore genre in Halychyna. By means of applying the plots emergence theory I.Svientsitskyi traced the genesis and development of folk wailing, proved their being connected to rituals and pointed to the archaic nature of this folk genre. The scholar was first to consider and study the structure of mourning wailings. The greatest achievement of I.Svientsitskyi is the publication of a wailing corpus in the "Ethnographic issues" (1912).

To prove that the Ukrainian carols and shchedrivkas are not original, the scholar applied the historical-comparative method to analyze the Christmas lore, in particular he employed the theory of borrowings, by means of which I.Svientsitskyi proved the genetic dependence of the Ukrainian carols and shchedrivkas on Hellenic folklore. We disagreed with these arguments of the scholar, inasmuch we consider the Ukrainian Christmas lore to be purely national by origin. At the very time when I.Svientsitskyi's work "Christmas through ages" (1933) was published, its methods were outdated, however, for his contemporaries the work had a substantial informative value, whereas his research of folk wailing remains topical up till now.

Key words: history of the Ukrainian folkloristic studies, folkloristic science, school, methodology, method, disciple.

Аннотация

Шутак О.С. Фольклористическая мысль в Галичине 20-30 годов ХХ века (К.Сосенко, Ф.Колесса, И.Свенцицкий). - Рукопись.

Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата филологических наук по специальности 10.01.07 - фольклористика. - Львовский национальный университет имени Ивана Франко, Львов, 2003.

Диссертация является первым комплексным исследованием фольклористической мысли в Галичине 20-30 годов ХХ века, представленной работами К.Сосенко, Ф.Колессы, И.Свенцицкого. Отмечен высокий уровень западноукраинских ученых в анализе украинского фольклора, которые в своих изысканиях ориентировались не только на успехи украинской фольклористики, но и применяли опыт зарубежной научной мысли. Особое внимание уделено методологии исследований фольклора К.Сосенко, Ф.Колесой и И.Свенцицким, принадлежность исследователей к фольклористическим школам.

Ключевые слова: история украинской фольклористики, фольклористическая мысль, школа, метод, методология, адепты.

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